Neuropathological lesions in intravenous BCG-stimulated K18-hACE2 mice challenged with SARS-CoV-2 DOI Creative Commons
Lidia Sánchez‐Morales, Néstor Porras, Teresa García‐Seco

et al.

Veterinary Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 55(1)

Published: May 31, 2024

Abstract In the wake of COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, questions emerged about potential effects Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine on immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, including neurodegenerative diseases it may contribute to. To explore this, an experimental study was carried out in BCG-stimulated and non-stimulated k18-hACE2 mice challenged with SARS-CoV-2. Viral loads tissues determined RT-qPCR, histopathology brain lungs, immunohistochemical (IHC) as well mortality rates, clinical signs plasma inflammatory coagulation biomarkers were assessed. Our results showed BCG-SARS-CoV-2 presented higher viral increased frequency neuroinvasion, greatest differences observed between groups at 3–4 days post-infection (dpi). Histopathological examination a severity lesions mice, mainly consisting neuroinflammation, glial cell population neuronal degeneration, from 5 dpi onwards. This group also interstitial pneumonia vascular thrombosis lungs (3–4 dpi), values for TNF-α D-dimer values, while iNOS dpi. Results this indicate that BCG stimulation could have intensified promoting virus neuroinvasion dissemination model. Although show hACE2 expression neurodissemination, suggests that, although benefits enhancing heterologous protection against pathogens tumour cells been broadly demonstrated, adverse outcomes due non-specific should be considered.

Language: Английский

Nucleocapsid Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Upregulates RANTES Expression in A172 Glioblastoma Cells DOI Creative Commons
Bakhytgul Gadilgereyeva,

Zhanar Kunushpayeva,

M. B. Abdrakhmanova

et al.

Molecules, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 30(5), P. 1066 - 1066

Published: Feb. 26, 2025

SARS-CoV-2, the pathogenic virus that induces COVID-19 disease, contains four structural proteins in its virion. The nucleocapsid (N) protein is one of play a crucial role assembly viral RNA into ribonucleoprotein. In addition, N contributes to pathogenesis. One functions attributed triggering cytokine release by lung epithelial cells, macrophages, and monocytes. This study addresses cellular effects SARS-CoV-2 on cells glial origin. We report upregulation RANTES chemokine A172 glioblastoma at both mRNA levels response exposure protein. did not have an effect cell viability migration.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
SARS-CoV-2-induced Sensory Perturbations: A Narrative Review of Clinical Phenotypes, Molecular Pathologies, and Possible Interventions DOI Creative Commons
Randal A. Serafini, Justin J. Frere,

Ilinca M. Giosan

et al.

Brain Behavior & Immunity - Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100983 - 100983

Published: March 1, 2025

The acute and post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection have been great clinical interest since the inception COVID-19 pandemic. Despite a high prevalence individuals with persistent symptoms, wholistic view effects on special sensory systems is lacking. Considering significant impact normal function quality life, goal this review to highlight unresolved issues related SARS-CoV-2-associated insults nervous system. In narrative review, we discuss epidemiology SARS-CoV-2-induced perturbations, underlying pathological mechanisms, possible therapeutic strategies across olfactory, gustatory, somatosensory, visual, auditory systems. Examined literature included studies human biospecimens, human-derived cell lines, naturally susceptible animal models, which highlighted evidence functional disruption in all was associated inflammation olfactory epithelium/bulb, somatosensory ganglia, gustatory systems, long-term transcriptional perturbations central system peripheral system, detectable degeneration/apoptosis visual Few proposed evidence-based for attenuating specific abnormalities after infection. While some extent more thoroughly investigated from symptomatology, behavioral molecular perspectives, there still an unmet need development therapeutics treat COVID-induced impairment these Further, additional attention must be placed COVID-associated lack detailed mechanistic investigations into their pathogenesis.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
The Neurological Implications of COVID-19: A Comprehensive Narrative Review DOI Open Access
Ithamar Cheyne,

Venmanassery Sreejan Gopinath,

Neeharika Muppa

et al.

Cureus, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 15, 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 revealed a huge number of problems as well discoveries in medicine, notably, regarding effects virus on central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral (PNS). This paper is narrative review that takes deep dive into complex interactions between NS. Therefore, this explains broad range neurological manifestations neurodegenerative diseases virus. It carefully considers routes through which reaches NS, including olfactory course, hematogenous route, are also covered when discussing virus's direct indirect mechanisms neuropathogenesis. Besides pathologies such stroke, encephalitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, focus area given to challenges making diagnosis, treatment, management these conditions during pandemic. examines strategic interventional approaches utilized prevent disorders, ACE2 receptors implicated mediation COVID-19. detailed overview, combines research outputs with case data, directed at tackling challenge, view toward better patient care outcomes future.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Emerging signs of Alzheimer‐like tau hyperphosphorylation and neuroinflammation in the brain post recovery from COVID‐19 DOI Creative Commons
Xuetao Qi,

Shulu Yuan,

Jiuyang Ding

et al.

Aging Cell, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 29, 2024

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has been suggested to increase the risk of memory decline and Alzheimer's (AD), main cause dementia in elderly. However, direct evidence about whether COVID‐19 induces AD‐like neuropathological changes brain, especially post recovery from acute infection, is still lacking. Here, using postmortem human brain samples, we found abnormal accumulation hyperphosphorylated tau protein hippocampus medial entorhinal cortex within 4–13 months clinically COVID‐19, together with prolonged activation glia cells increases inflammatory factors, even though no SARS‐COV‐2 invasion was detected these regions. By contrast, did not change beta‐amyloid deposition hippocampal neuron number, had limited effects on AD‐related pathological phenotypes olfactory circuits including bulb, anterior nucleus, tubercle, piriform lateral cortex. These results provide evidences linking prognostic for AD.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 Does Not Protect against the Development of Anosmia in a Hamster Model DOI Creative Commons
Rachel A. Reyna,

Jordyn Walker,

Brooke Mitchell

et al.

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(10), P. 1564 - 1564

Published: Oct. 5, 2023

Anosmia, a total or partial loss of the ability to smell, is one most frequently documented sequelae severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Persistent anosmia associated with decrease in quality life. Here, we assess impact virus lineage and vaccination status on development golden Syrian hamster model. To characterize driven by current variants, assessed olfactory function hamsters infected SARS-CoV-2 lineages A, BA.2, BA.5, BQ.1, BQ.1.1 using buried food detection test. We found that significant occurs upon infection all variants correlation between disease severity degree anosmia. Moreover, either Pfizer (BNT16b2) Moderna (mRNA-1273) mRNA vaccines does not protect against anosmia, despite protection disease.

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Inflammatory Response and Defects on Myelin Integrity in the Olfactory System of K18hACE2 Mice Infected with SARS-CoV-2 DOI Creative Commons
Eduardo Martín-López,

Bowen Brennan,

Tianyang Mao

et al.

eNeuro, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(6), P. ENEURO.0106 - 24.2024

Published: June 1, 2024

Viruses, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), use epithelial cells an entry point for infection. Within the nasal cavity, olfactory epithelium (OE) is particularly sensitive to infections which may lead dysfunction. In patients suffering from disease 2019, deficits in olfaction have been characterized a distinctive symptom. Here, we used K18hACE2 mice study spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection and inflammation system (OS) after 7 d OE, found that selectively targeted supporting/sustentacular (SCs) macrophages lamina propria. brain, infected some microglial bulb (OB), there was widespread projection neurons OB, piriform cortex (PC), tubular striatum (TuS). Inflammation, indicated by both elevated numbers morphologically activated IBA1 + (monocyte/macrophage lineages), preferentially increased OE septum, while it homogeneously distributed throughout layers PC, TuS. Myelinated OS axonal tracts, lateral tract, anterior commissure, exhibited decreased levels 2′,3′-cyclic-nucleotide 3′-phosphodiesterase, indicative myelin defects. Collectively, our work supports hypothesis SC and, centrally, microglia subpopulations neurons. The observed areas central defects account long-lasting deficit.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Receptors Involved in COVID-19-Related Anosmia: An Update on the Pathophysiology and the Mechanistic Aspects DOI Open Access
Noor Nadhim Al-Saigh, Amani A. Harb, Shtaywy Abdalla

et al.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(15), P. 8527 - 8527

Published: Aug. 5, 2024

Olfactory perception is an important physiological function for human well-being and health. Loss of olfaction, or anosmia, caused by viral infections such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has received considerable attention, especially in persistent cases that take a long time to recover. This review discusses the integration different components olfactory epithelium serve structural functional unit explores how they are affected during infections, leading development dysfunction. The mainly focused on role receptors mediating disruption signal transduction pathways angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE2), transmembrane protease serine type (TMPRSS2), neuropilin 1 (NRP1), basigin (CD147), olfactory, transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV1), purinergic, interferon gamma receptors. Furthermore, compromised epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) induced SARS-CoV-2 infection its contribution dysfunction also discussed. Collectively, this provides fundamental information about many types may modulate olfaction participate It will help understand underlying pathophysiology virus-induced which finding designing effective therapies targeting molecules involved invasion olfaction. To best our knowledge, only covered all potentially in, mediating, COVID-19 infection. wide complex spectrum mediates reflects ways anosmia can be therapeutically managed.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Chemosensory assessment and impact on quality of life in neurosensorial cluster of the post COVID 19 syndrome DOI Creative Commons
Elisa Gentilotti, Anna Górska, Maria Paola Cecchini

et al.

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Sept. 9, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Elimination of olfactory sensory neurons by zinc sulfate inoculation prevents SARS-CoV-2 infection of the brain in K18-hACE2 transgenic mice DOI Creative Commons
Ji-Hun Lee, Eun‐Seon Yoo, Na-Won Kim

et al.

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Nov. 13, 2024

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), attributed to the severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has posed global health challenges since it first emerged in 2019, and its impact continues persist. The neurotropic nature of SARS-CoV-2 remains undisclosed, though researchers are proposing hypotheses on how virus is transmitted central nervous system. One prevailing that travels through olfactory nerve system via epithelium (OE). Using a K18-human angiotensin converting-enzyme 2 (hACE2) transgenic mouse model with impaired sensory neurons (OSNs) induced by zinc sulfate, we examined role brain invasion SARS-CoV-2. Mice lacking OSNs exhibited reduced levels viral transmission brain, leading significantly improved outcomes following infection. Moreover, positive correlation was observed between persistence OE These results indicate early inhibition pathway effectively prevents K18-hACE2 mice. Our study underscores significance brain.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Healthcare Workers (HCWs) and non-HCWs reaction to Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) in the BATTLE trial DOI Creative Commons
Mehrsa Jalalizadeh, Patrícia Asfora Falabella Leme, Keini Buosi

et al.

Vaccine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 41(44), P. 6599 - 6606

Published: Sept. 22, 2023

Language: Английский

Citations

2