Estrogen receptor signaling mechanisms

Advances in protein chemistry and structural biology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 135 - 170

Published: Jan. 1, 2019

Language: Английский

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Estrogen Receptors and Endometriosis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(8), P. 2815 - 2815

Published: April 17, 2020

Endometriosis is a frequent and chronic inflammatory disease with impacts on reproduction, health quality of life. This disorder highly estrogen-dependent the purpose hormonal treatments to decrease endogenous ovarian production estrogens. High estrogen consistently observed endocrine feature endometriosis. mRNA protein levels receptors (ER) are different between normal healthy endometrium ectopic/eutopic endometrial lesions: endometriotic stromal cells express extraordinarily higher ERβ significantly lower ERα compared cells. Aberrant epigenetic regulation such as DNA methylation in associated pathogenesis development Although there large body data regarding ERs endometriosis, our understanding roles endometriosis remains incomplete. The goal this review provide an overview links recent advances treatment strategies based modulation. We will also attempt summarize current molecular cellular mechanisms action how could pave way new therapeutic strategies.

Language: Английский

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Mechanisms for estrogen receptor expression in human cancer

Experimental Hematology and Oncology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: Sept. 19, 2018

Estrogen is a steroid hormone that has critical roles in reproductive development, bone homeostasis, cardiovascular remodeling and brain functions. However, estrogen also promotes mammary, ovarian endometrial tumorigenesis. antagonists drugs reduce biosynthesis have become highly successful therapeutic agents for breast cancer patients. The effects of are largely mediated by receptor (ER) α ERβ, which members the nuclear superfamily transcription factors. mechanisms underlying aberrant expression ER other types human tumors complex, involving considerable alternative splicing ERα factors, epigenetic post-transcriptional regulation expression. Elucidation may not only help understand progression evolution, but shed light on overcoming endocrine therapy resistance. Herein, we review complex regulating cancer.

Language: Английский

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Endocrine disrupting chemicals: Impact on human health, wildlife and the environment

Science Progress, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 102(1), P. 3 - 42

Published: Jan. 1, 2019

Endocrine disrupting chemicals are a group of pollutants that can affect the endocrine system and lead to diseases dysfunctions across lifespan organisms. They omnipresent. in air we breathe, food eat water drink. be found our everyday lives through personal care products, household cleaning furniture children's toys. Every year, hundreds new produced released onto market without being tested, they reach bodies products. Permanent exposure those may intensify or even become main cause for development such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular certain types cancer. In recent years, legislation regulations have been implemented, which aim control release potentially adverse chemicals, often invoking precautionary principle. The objective this review is provide an overview research on environmental aspects their effects human health, based evidence from animal studies. Emphasis given three ubiquitous persistent groups polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers organochlorine pesticides, two non-persistent, but ubiquitous, bisphenol A phthalates. Some selected historical cases also presented successful regulation described. These led decrease consequent minimization these compounds. Recommendations experts field, World Health Organization, scientific reports Society included.

Language: Английский

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Critical Role of Estrogens on Bone Homeostasis in Both Male and Female: From Physiology to Medical Implications

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(4), P. 1568 - 1568

Published: Feb. 4, 2021

Bone is a multi-skilled tissue, protecting major organs, regulating calcium phosphate balance and producing hormones. Its development during childhood determines height stature as well resistance against fracture in advanced age. Estrogens are key regulators of bone turnover both females males. These hormones play role longitudinal width growth throughout puberty the regulation turnover. In women, estrogen deficiency one causes postmenopausal osteoporosis. this review, we will summarize main clinical experimental studies reporting effects estrogens not only but also males, different life stages. Effects on involve either Estrogen Receptor (ER)α or ERβ depending type (femur, vertebrae, tibia, mandible), compartment (trabecular cortical), cell types involved (osteoclasts, osteoblasts osteocytes) sex. Finally, discuss new ongoing strategies to increase benefit/risk ratio hormonal treatment menopause.

Language: Английский

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Protective Effects of Estrogen on Cardiovascular Disease Mediated by Oxidative Stress

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2021(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Perimenopause is an important stage of female senescence. Epidemiological investigation has shown that the incidence cardiovascular disease in premenopausal women lower than men, and postmenopausal significantly higher men. This phenomenon reveals estrogen a definite protective effect on system. In system, oxidative stress considered pathogenesis atherosclerosis, myocardial dysfunction, cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, ischemia. From perspective stress, plays regulatory role system through receptor, providing strategies for treatment menopausal with diseases.

Language: Английский

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Combined Oral Contraceptives and Venous Thromboembolism: Review and Perspective to Mitigate the Risk

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Dec. 9, 2021

Many factors must be considered and discussed with women when initiating a contraceptive method the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is one them. In this review, we discuss numerous strategies that have been implemented to reduce thrombotic associated combined oral contraceptives (COCs) from their arrival on market until today. Evidences suggesting COCs were an increased VTE appeared rapidly after marketing. Identified as main contributor risk, dosage estrogen, i.e., ethinylestradiol (EE), was significantly reduced. New progestins also synthetized (e.g., desogestrel or gestodene) but weak androgenic activity did not permit counterbalance effect EE initial such levonorgestrel. Numerous studies assessed impact estroprogestative combinations hemostasis demonstrated under COC suffered resistance towards activated protein C (APC). Subsequently, European Medicines Agency updated its guidelines clinical investigation steroid in which they recommended assess biological marker. 2009, estradiol-containing marketed use natural form estrogen found exert weaker synthesis hepatic proteins compared EE. year 2021, novel based native estetrol, will introduced market. Associated drospirenone, preparation minor effects coagulation other drospirenone-containing COCs. At present time, standard care starting contraception, consists identifying presence hereditary thrombophilia solely basis familial history VTE. This strategy has however reported poorly predictive thrombophilia. One rationale affordable perspective already past could implementation baseline screening prothrombotic state provide health professionals objective data support prescription more appropriate method. While judged too expensive due limited laboratory solutions, endogenous thrombin potential-based APC assay now represent interesting alternative.

Language: Английский

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Functionalized liposomes for targeted breast cancer drug delivery

Bioactive Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24, P. 401 - 437

Published: Jan. 2, 2023

Despite the exceptional progress in breast cancer pathogenesis, prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment strategies, it remains a prominent cause of female mortality worldwide. Additionally, although chemotherapies are effective, they associated with critical limitations, most notably their lack specificity resulting systemic toxicity eventual development multi-drug resistance (MDR) cells. Liposomes have proven to be an invaluable drug delivery system but multitudes liposomal systems developed every year only few been approved for clinical use, none which employ active targeting. In this review, we summarize recent strategies actively targeted surface, transmembrane internal cell receptors, enzymes, direct targeting dual-targeting cancer-associated cells, e.g., stem cells tumor microenvironment, etc.

Language: Английский

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Treating menopause — MHT and beyond

Nature Reviews Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 18(8), P. 490 - 502

Published: May 27, 2022

Language: Английский

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Phytoestrogens and Health Effects

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 317 - 317

Published: Jan. 9, 2023

Phytoestrogens are literally estrogenic substances of plant origin. Although these useful for plants in many aspects, their properties essentially relevant to predators. As such, phytoestrogens can be considered potentially dedicated plant–predator interaction. Therefore, it is not surprising note that the word phytoestrogen comes from early discovery effects grazing animals and humans. Here, several compounds whose activities have been discovered at nutritional concentrations humans examined. The analyzed belong chemical families, i.e., flavanones, coumestans, resorcylic acid lactones, isoflavones, enterolignans. Following definition evocation role plants, metabolic transformations bioavailabilities discussed. A point then made regarding health effects, which either beneficial or adverse depending on subject studied, sex, age, physiological status. Toxicological information given based official data. first presented Animal models evoked when no data available with a constant reference doses plausible exposure.

Language: Английский

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