Obesity and cancer risk: Emerging biological mechanisms and perspectives

Metabolism, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 92, P. 121 - 135

Published: Nov. 13, 2018

Language: Английский

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The role of m6A RNA methylation in human cancer

Molecular Cancer, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 18(1)

Published: May 29, 2019

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is identified as the most common, abundant and conserved internal transcriptional modification, especially within eukaryotic messenger RNAs (mRNAs). M6A modification installed by m6A methyltransferases (METTL3/14, WTAP, RBM15/15B KIAA1429, termed "writers"), reverted demethylases (FTO ALKBH5, "erasers") recognized binding proteins (YTHDF1/2/3, IGF2BP1 HNRNPA2B1, "readers"). Acumulating evidence shows that, RNA methylation has an outsize effect on production/metabolism participates in pathogenesis of multiple diseases including cancers. Until now, molecular mechanisms underlying various tumors have not been comprehensively clarified. In this review, we mainly summarize recent advances biological function modifications human cancer discuss potential therapeutic strategies.

Language: Английский

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The hallmarks of cancer metabolism: Still emerging

Cell Metabolism, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 34(3), P. 355 - 377

Published: Feb. 4, 2022

Language: Английский

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Global patterns in excess body weight and the associated cancer burden

CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 69(2), P. 88 - 112

Published: Dec. 12, 2018

Abstract The prevalence of excess body weight and the associated cancer burden have been rising over past several decades globally. Between 1975 2016, in adults—defined as a mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m 2 —increased from nearly 21% men 24% women to approximately 40% both sexes. Notably, obesity (BMI 30 ) quadrupled men, 3% 12%, more than doubled women, 7% 16%. This change, combined with population growth, resulted 6‐fold increase number obese adults, 100 671 million. largest absolute occurred among boys high‐income Western countries girls Central Asia, Middle East, North Africa. simultaneous rise almost all is thought be driven largely by changes global food system, which promotes energy‐dense, nutrient‐poor foods, alongside reduced opportunities for physical activity. In 2012, accounted 3.9% cancers (544,300 cases) proportion varying less 1% low‐income or 8% some Eastern Northern African countries. attributable sex was higher (368,500 (175,800 cases). Given pandemic increasing low‐ middle‐income countries, this condition likely future. There emerging consensus on control through multisectoral coordinated implementation core policy actions promote an environment conducive healthy diet active living. rapid highlights need rejuvenated focus identifying, implementing, evaluating interventions prevent weight.

Language: Английский

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Biological and Nutritional Properties of Palm Oil and Palmitic Acid: Effects on Health

Molecules, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 20(9), P. 17339 - 17361

Published: Sept. 18, 2015

A growing body of evidence highlights the close association between nutrition and human health. Fat is an essential macronutrient, vegetable oils, such as palm oil, are widely used in food industry highly represented diet. Palmitic acid, a saturated fatty principal constituent refined oil. In last few decades, controversial studies have reported potential unhealthy effects oil due to high palmitic acid content. this review we provide concise comprehensive update on functional role development obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases cancer. The atherogenic its stereospecific position triacylglycerols also discussed.

Language: Английский

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Overcoming cancer therapeutic bottleneck by drug repurposing

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: July 2, 2020

Abstract Ever present hurdles for the discovery of new drugs cancer therapy have necessitated development alternative strategy drug repurposing, old therapeutic purposes. This with a cost-effective way offers rare opportunity treatment human neoplastic disease, facilitating rapid clinical translation. With an increased understanding hallmarks and various data-driven approaches, repurposing further promotes holistic productivity reasonably focuses on target-defined antineoplastic compounds. The “treasure trove” non-oncology should not be ignored since they could target only known but also hitherto unknown vulnerabilities cancer. Indeed, different from targeted drugs, these generic usually used in multi-target may bring benefit to patients. In this review, aiming demonstrate full potential we promising repurposed management classify candidates into their proposed administration either mono- or combination therapy. We summarize approaches discuss main barriers its uptake.

Language: Английский

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Association between exposure to a mixture of phenols, pesticides, and phthalates and obesity: Comparison of three statistical models

Environment International, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 123, P. 325 - 336

Published: Dec. 14, 2018

The evaluation of the chemical impact on human health is usually constrained to analysis effects exposure a single or group similar chemicals at one time. mixtures are seldom analyzed. In this study, we applied three statistical models assess association between mixture seven xenobiotics (three phthalate metabolites, two phenols, and pesticides) obesity. Urinary levels environmental pesticides, metabolites were measured in adults who participated U.S.-based National Health Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2013 2014. Body examination was conducted determine We fitted multivariable models, using generalized linear (here both logistic linear) regression, weighted quantile sum (WQS) Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) estimate exposures Of 1269 individuals included our final analysis, 38.5% had general obesity 58.0% abdominal model established for each chemical, bisphenol S (BPS), mono (carboxyoctyl) (MCOP), (2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) (MECPP) associated with (fourth vs. first quartile). MCOP BMI waist circumference. WQS index significantly (OR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.21–2.20) 1.66, 1.18–2.34). MCOP, A (BPA), ethyl (MEP) most heavily weighing chemicals. BKMR overall effect when all their 60th percentile above it, compared them 50th percentile. BPA, BPS showed positive trends. By contrast, MECPP flat modest inverse trend. When comparing results these identified as important factors recommend estimating joint by applying diverse methods interpreting together, considering advantages disadvantages.

Language: Английский

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Association of Obesity With Survival Outcomes in Patients With Cancer

JAMA Network Open, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 4(3), P. e213520 - e213520

Published: March 29, 2021

Importance

Obesity, defined as a body mass index (BMI) greater than 30, is associated with significant increase in the risk of many cancers and overall mortality. However, various studies have suggested that patients cancer no obesity (ie, BMI 20-25) worse outcomes obesity.

Objective

To assess association between after diagnosis cancer.

Data Sources

PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE were searched from inception to January 2020.

Study Selection

Studies reporting prognosis using standard categories included. used nonstandard categories, limited children, or hematological malignant neoplasms excluded. Screening was performed independently by multiple reviewers. Among 1892 retrieved studies, 203 (17%) met inclusion criteria for initial evaluation. Extraction Synthesis The Meta-analysis Observational Epidemiology (MOOSE) Preferred Reporting Items Systematic Reviews Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines guideline followed. Data extracted independent Risk death, cancer-specific mortality, recurrence pooled provide an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 95% CI . A random-effects model retrospective nature studies.

Main Outcomes Measures

primary outcome study survival (OS) cancer, without Secondary end points (CSS) progression-free (PFS) disease-free (DFS). events reported HRs CIs, HR 1 among vs those without.

Results

total 6 320 365 participants evaluated OS, CSS, and/or PFS DFS Overall, reduced OS (HR, 1.14; CI, 1.09-1.19;P < .001) CSS 1.17; 1.12-1.23;P .001). Patients also at increased 1.13; 1.07-1.19;P Conversely, lung renal cell carcinoma, melanoma had better compared same (lung: HR, 0.86; 0.76-0.98;P = .02; cell: 0.74; 0.53-0.89;P melanoma: 0.57-0.96;P

Conclusions Relevance

In this study, mortality lower death Weight-reducing strategies may represent effective measures reducing these patients.

Language: Английский

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Meta‐analysis on shift work and risks of specific obesity types

Obesity Reviews, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 19(1), P. 28 - 40

Published: Oct. 4, 2017

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the associations between shift work patterns risks of specific types obesity.PubMed was searched until March 2017 for observational studies that examined relationships obesity. Odds ratio obesity extracted using a fixed-effects or random-effects model. Subgroup meta-analyses were carried out study design, characteristics pattern.A total 28 included in this meta-analysis. The overall odds night 1.23 (95% confidence interval = 1.17-1.29) risk obesity/overweight. Cross-sectional showed higher 1.26 than those with cohort design (risk 1.10). Shift workers had frequency developing abdominal (odds 1.35) other types. Permanent demonstrated 29% rotating 1.43 vs. 1.14).This confirmed development overweight potential gradient association suggested, especially Modification working schedules is recommended, particularly prolonged permanent work. More accurate detailed measurements on should be conducted future research.

Language: Английский

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Integrative oncology: Addressing the global challenges of cancer prevention and treatment

CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 72(2), P. 144 - 164

Published: Nov. 9, 2021

Abstract The increase in cancer incidence and mortality is challenging current care delivery globally, disproportionally affecting low‐ middle‐income countries (LMICs) when it comes to receiving evidence‐based prevention, treatment, palliative survivorship care. Patients LMICs often rely on traditional, complementary, integrative medicine (TCIM) that more familiar, less costly, widely available. However, spheres of influence tensions between conventional TCIM can further disrupt efforts Integrative oncology provides a framework research integrate safe, effective alongside treatment help bridge health gaps delivering evidence‐informed, patient‐centered This growing field uses lifestyle modifications, mind body therapies (eg, acupuncture, massage, meditation, yoga), natural products improve symptom management quality life among patients with cancer. On the basis this review global challenges control status oncology, authors recommend: 1) educating integrating providers into workforce promote risk reduction culturally salient healthy styles; 2) developing testing interventions address symptoms or treatment‐related adverse effects pain, insomnia, fatigue); 3) disseminating implementing as part comprehensive so from all cultures live beyond respect, dignity, vitality. With united under cohesive framework, may provide citizens world access effective, sensitive

Language: Английский

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