Anesthesia & Analgesia,
Journal Year:
2015,
Volume and Issue:
121(2), P. 302 - 318
Published: July 22, 2015
Lung
injury
is
the
leading
cause
of
death
after
thoracic
surgery.
Initially
recognized
pneumonectomy,
it
has
since
been
described
any
period
1-lung
ventilation
(OLV),
even
in
absence
lung
resection.
Overhydration
and
high
tidal
volumes
were
thought
to
be
responsible
at
various
points;
however,
now
that
pathophysiology
more
complex
multifactorial.
All
causative
mechanisms
known
trigger
ventilator-induced
have
OLV
setting.
The
ventilated
exposed
strain
secondary
large,
nonphysiologic
loss
normal
functional
residual
capacity.
In
addition,
experiences
oxidative
stress,
as
well
capillary
shear
stress
because
hyperperfusion.
Surgical
manipulation
and/or
resection
collapsed
may
induce
injury.
Re-expansion
conclusion
invariably
induces
duration-dependent,
ischemia-reperfusion
Inflammatory
cytokines
are
released
response
localized
promote
local
contralateral
Protective
volatile
anesthesia
lessen
degree
injury;
increases
biochemical
histologic
markers
appear
unavoidable.
endothelial
glycocalyx
represent
a
common
pathway
for
creation
during
OLV,
damaged
by
most
injurious
mechanisms.
Experimental
therapies
stabilize
afford
ability
reduce
future.
interim,
protective
with
4
5
mL/kg
predicted
body
weight,
positive
end-expiratory
pressure
10
cm
H2O,
routine
recruitment
should
used
an
attempt
minimize
harmful
strain.
Additional
strategies
include
efforts
duration
hyperoxia.
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics,
Journal Year:
2012,
Volume and Issue:
1827(11-12), P. 1320 - 1331
Published: Dec. 23, 2012
Apart
from
complex
I
(NADH:ubiquinone
oxidoreductase)
the
mitochondrial
cytochrome
bc1
(complex
III;
ubiquinol:cytochrome
c
has
been
identified
as
main
producer
of
superoxide
and
derived
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
within
respiratory
chain.
Mitochondrial
ROS
are
generally
linked
to
oxidative
stress,
aging
other
pathophysiological
settings
like
in
neurodegenerative
diseases.
However,
produced
at
ubiquinol
oxidation
center
(center
P,
Qo
site)
III
seem
have
additional
physiological
functions
signaling
molecules
during
cellular
processes
adaptation
hypoxia.
The
molecular
mechanism
production
that
is
mechanistically
electron
bifurcation
still
a
matter
debate.
Some
insight
comes
extensive
kinetic
studies
with
mutated
complexes
yeast
bacterial
complexes.
This
review
intended
bridge
gap
between
those
mechanistic
investigations
on
signal
transduction
highlights
factors
impact
generation.
article
part
Special
Issue
entitled:
Respiratory
related
bc
European Respiratory Journal,
Journal Year:
2014,
Volume and Issue:
44(4), P. 1023 - 1041
Published: July 25, 2014
This
review
provides
an
overview
of
the
relationship
between
ventilation/perfusion
ratios
and
gas
exchange
in
lung,
emphasising
basic
concepts
relating
them
to
clinical
scenarios.
For
each
exchanging
unit,
alveolar
effluent
blood
partial
pressures
oxygen
carbon
dioxide
(
P
O
2
CO
)
are
determined
by
ratio
ventilation
flow
V
′
A
/Q
′)
for
unit.
Shunt
low
regions
two
examples
mismatch
most
frequent
causes
hypoxaemia.
Diffusion
limitation,
hypoventilation
inspired
cause
hypoxaemia,
even
absence
mismatch.
In
contrast
other
causes,
hypoxaemia
due
shunt
responds
poorly
supplemental
oxygen.
Gas
units
with
little
or
no
(high
regions)
result
dead
space
increased
wasted
ventilation,
i.e.
less
efficient
removal.
Because
respiratory
drive
maintain
a
normal
arterial
,
is
minute
work
breathing,
not
hypercapnia.
Calculations
alveolar–arterial
tension
difference,
venous
admixture
provide
quantitative
estimates
effect
on
exchange.
The
types
causing
impaired
vary
characteristically
different
lung
diseases.
Physiological Reviews,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
99(1), P. 161 - 234
Published: Oct. 24, 2018
The
extensive
oxygen
gradient
between
the
air
we
breathe
(Po2
~21
kPa)
and
its
ultimate
distribution
within
mitochondria
(as
low
as
~0.5-1
is
testament
to
efforts
expended
in
limiting
inherent
toxicity.
It
has
long
been
recognized
that
cell
culture
undertaken
under
room
conditions
falls
short
of
replicating
this
protection
vitro.
Despite
this,
difficulty
accurately
determining
appropriate
O2
levels
which
cells,
coupled
with
a
lack
technology
replicate
maintain
physiological
environment
vitro,
hindered
addressing
issue
thus
far.
In
review,
aim
address
current
understanding
tissue
Po2
vivo
summarize
attempts
made
these
state-of-the-art
techniques
employed
determine
levels,
well
issues
associated
reproducing
are
also
critically
reviewed.
We
provide
framework
for
researchers
undertake
relevant
specific
tissues
organs.
envisage
review
will
facilitate
paradigm
shift,
enabling
translation
findings
vitro
disease
pathology
design
novel
therapeutics.
Anesthesiology,
Journal Year:
2015,
Volume and Issue:
122(4), P. 932 - 946
Published: Jan. 14, 2015
Hypoxic
pulmonary
vasoconstriction
(HPV)
represents
a
fundamental
difference
between
the
and
systemic
circulations.
HPV
is
active
in
utero,
reducing
blood
flow,
adults
helps
to
match
regional
ventilation
perfusion
although
it
has
little
effect
healthy
lungs.
Many
factors
affect
including
pH
or
PCO2,
cardiac
output,
several
drugs,
antihypertensives.
In
patients
with
lung
pathology
any
patient
having
one-lung
ventilation,
contributes
maintaining
oxygenation,
so
anesthesiologists
should
be
aware
of
effects
anesthesia
on
this
protective
reflex.
Intravenous
anesthetic
drugs
have
HPV,
but
attenuated
by
inhaled
anesthetics,
less
newer
agents.
The
reflex
biphasic,
once
second
phase
becomes
after
about
an
hour
hypoxia,
takes
hours
reverse
when
normoxia
returns.
This
significant
clinical
implications
for
repeated
periods
ventilation.
AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
319(3), P. H613 - H631
Published: Aug. 7, 2020
Vascular
smooth
muscle
cells
(VSMCs)
are
the
fundamental
component
of
medial
layer
arteries
and
essential
for
arterial
physiology
pathology.
It
is
becoming
increasingly
clear
that
VSMCs
can
alter
their
metabolism
to
fulfill
bioenergetic
biosynthetic
requirements.
During
vascular
injury,
switch
from
a
quiescent
“contractile”
phenotype
highly
migratory
proliferative
“synthetic”
phenotype.
Recent
studies
have
found
switching
driven
by
metabolic
switch.
Metabolic
pathways,
including
aerobic
glycolysis,
fatty
acid
oxidation,
amino
metabolism,
distinct,
indispensable
roles
in
normal
dysfunctional
vasculature.
also
related
endothelial
cells.
In
present
review,
we
brief
overview
how
it
regulates
progression
several
diseases,
atherosclerosis,
systemic
hypertension,
diabetes,
pulmonary
calcification,
aneurysms,
effect
risk
factors
disease
(aging,
cigarette
smoking,
excessive
alcohol
drinking)
on
VSMC
clarify
role
key
pathological
process.
