Reduced plasma calcitonin gene-related peptide level identified in cluster headache: A prospective and controlled study

Cephalalgia, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 44(3)

Published: March 1, 2024

Background The role of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the cyclic pattern cluster headache is unclear. To acquire biological insight and to comprehend why only episodic responds CGRP monoclonal antibodies, we examined whether plasma changes between disease states (i.e. bout, remission chronic) controls. Methods present study a prospective case–control study. Participants with were sampled twice (bout remission). chronic controls once. concentrations measured validated radioimmunoassay. Results Plasma was collected from 201 participants diagnosed according International Classification Headache Disorders, 3rd edition, 100 age- sex-matched Overall, levels significantly lower compared ( p < 0.05). In headache, higher bout than (mean difference: 17.1 pmol/L, 95% confidence interval = 9.8–24.3, 0.0001). not different 0.266). Conclusions unsuitable as diagnostic biomarker or its states. identified reduced suggest that CGRPs highly complex future investigations are needed into modulation receptors.

Language: Английский

---

Pharmacological management of migraine: current strategies and future directions

Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(6), P. 673 - 683

Published: April 12, 2024

Introduction Migraine is a complex neurological disorder that affects significant portion of the global population. As traditional pharmacological approaches often fall short in alleviating symptoms, development innovative therapies has garnered interest. This text aims to summarize current options for managing migraine and explore potential impact novel therapies.

Language: Английский

---

Unlocking the potential of photobiomodulation therapy for brain neurovascular coupling: The biological effects and medical applications

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy stands as an innovative neurostimulation modality that has demonstrated both efficacy and safety in improving brain function. This exerts multifaceted influences on neurons, blood vessels, their intricate interplay known neurovascular coupling (NVC). Growing evidence indicates NVC may present a promising target for PBM intervention. However, the detailed mechanisms underlying its therapeutic benefits remain to be fully understood. review aims elucidate potential metabolic pathways signaling cascades involved modulatory effects of PBM, while also exploring extensive repertoire applications neurologic psychiatric conditions. The prospects within realm investigation are intensively considered, providing deeper insights into powerful capabilities revolutionize treatments.

Language: Английский

---

Pharmacological differences and switching among anti‐CGRP monoclonal antibodies: A narrative review

Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

Abstract Antibodies targeting either the calcitonin gene–related peptide (CGRP), such as galcanezumab, fremanezumab, and eptinezumab, or receptor (erenumab) have been approved for prevention of episodic chronic migraine. Although widely used generally effective, a proportion patients discontinue treatment due to lack efficacy. In both randomized controlled trials observational studies, all anti‐CGRP monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) consistently demonstrated comparable efficacy tolerability, suggesting pharmacological class effect. However, differences in therapeutic targets, structure, pharmacokinetic characteristics may influence their safety differently. Therefore, not achieving clinically meaningful response with one antibody, switching different antibody be viable option. This review examines distinctions among mAbs, highlighting mechanisms action profiles, along clinical data switching. Finally, we summarize suggestions from international guidelines.

Language: Английский

---

Combined effects of cannabidiol and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol alleviate migraine-like symptoms in mice

Cephalalgia, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 45(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Background The therapeutic use of cannabidiol (CBD) and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) to treat migraine has been understudied. Using three mouse models, we examined the impact CBD THC on migraine-relevant behaviors triggered by: 1) calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), 2) sodium nitroprusside (SNP), 3) cortical spreading depolarization (CSD). Methods Both male female CD1 mice were treated with (100 mg/kg) or (1 alone in combinations (1, 30 100 prior injection CGRP SNP. assessed for light aversion (photophobia), squint (non-evoked pain), periorbital tactile hypersensitivity, as well possible adverse effects. In a separate set experiments, CSD events optogenetically induced familial hemiplegic 1 (FHM1) mutant wildtype littermates (WT) (C57BL/6 background), followed by grimace motor assessments without (30 mg/kg). Results mice, 100:1 CBD:THC combination mitigated SNP males females. Rescue CGRP- SNP-induced was observed only CBD:THC. None treatments rescued hypersensitivity either sex. FHM1 WT ratio did not affect characteristics but reduce CSD-induced features (i.e., head pain mimic). No effects any cannabinoid using cognitive, emotional, tests. Conclusions A beneficial effect some most bothersome migraine-related symptoms models. Our findings support potential efficacy combined treatments.

Language: Английский

---

Serum calcitonin gene-related peptide in patients with persistent post-concussion symptoms, including headache: a cohort study

Journal of Neurology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 271(5), P. 2458 - 2472

Published: Jan. 17, 2024

Abstract Background Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) plays an important role in migraine pathophysiology, and post-traumatic headache (PTH) frequently presents with migraine-like features. Despite several clinical similarities, few studies have explored CGRP PTH concussion. This study investigates serum levels patients persistent post-concussion symptoms (PPCS), including PTH. Methods cohort was based on samples from individuals aged 18–30 years PPCS who participated a previously published randomized controlled trial of non-pharmacological intervention. The primary outcome concentrations, determined at baseline before randomization follow-up 7 months later, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). were compared healthy anonymous blood donors the same age group. Results Baseline collected 86 participants PPCS. most often female (78%) frequent phenotype (74%). Serum higher than 120 (median: 158.5 pg/mL vs. 76.3 pg/mL, p = 0.050). A stratified analysis revealed that females had fivefold median (166.3 32.1 0.0006), while no differences observed males (p 0.83). At follow-up, decreased change – 1.3 (95% confidence interval: 17.6–0, 0.024). Discussion Elevated decrease over time suggest involvement PTH/PPCS. If confirmed other studies, it could pave way for CGRP-targeted therapies, which significance.

Language: Английский

---

Correlation between endometriosis and migraine features: Results from a prospective case-control study

Cephalalgia, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 44(3)

Published: March 1, 2024

Background Endometriosis and migraine frequently coexist, but only a limited number of studies have focused on their mutual association. The aim our study was to investigate, in untreated women with comorbid endometriosis/adenomyosis migraine, the correlation between headache features endometriotic subtypes possible relationship pain severity disease disability. Methods Fifty affected by matched (1:2) 100 patients endometriosis alone were recruited underwent pelvic ultrasound imaging neurological examination. Results Severe adenomyosis, posterior anterior deep infiltrating (p = 0.027, p 0.0031 0.029, respectively) occurred more migraine. Dysmenorrhea most commonly reported symptom mean VAS scores all typical symptoms significantly higher presence comorbidity. Women both significant intensity 0.004), monthly days 0.042) increased HIT 6-scores 0.01), compared those without endometriosis. Conclusions Our results demonstrated that co-occurrence is associated severe gynecological infiltrations correlated Trial Registration: Protocol 119/21

Language: Английский

---

AMPK activation attenuates central sensitization in a recurrent nitroglycerin-induced chronic migraine mouse model by promoting microglial M2-type polarization

The Journal of Headache and Pain, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: March 8, 2024

Abstract Background Energy metabolism disorders and neurogenic inflammation play important roles in the central sensitization to chronic migraine (CM). AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an intracellular energy sensor, its activation regulates reduces neuropathic pain. However, studies on involvement of AMPK regulation CM are currently lacking. Therefore, this study aimed explore mechanism underlying CM. Methods Mice with recurrent nitroglycerin (NTG)-induced were used detect expression trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC). Following intraperitoneal injection activator 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxyamide ribonucleoside (AICAR) inhibitor compound C, mechanical pain threshold, activity level, pain-like behaviors mice measured. The calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) cytokines, M1/M2 microglia, NF-κB pathway detected after intervention. Results Repeated NTG injections resulted a gradual decrease expression, negative by increased ubiquitin-like plant homeodomain RING finger domain 1 (UHRF1) may counteract increasing ADP/ATP. AICAR can reduce hyperalgesia mice, improve CGRP, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α TNC region, increase IL-4 IL-10. Moreover, was mainly located microglia. could inducible NO synthase (iNOS) M1 microglia Arginase (Arg1) M2 inhibiting pathway. Conclusions involved CM, reduced neuroinflammation NTG-induced mice. provide new insights into interventions for migraine.

Language: Английский

---

Migraines in Women: A Focus on Reproductive Events and Hormonal Milestones

Deleted Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(1), P. 3 - 15

Published: April 5, 2024

Migraine, a prevalent neurological disorder, is more common in women than men. This sex difference pronounced after menarche and diminishes menopause. Migraines are influenced by the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, lactation, suggesting connection to hormones, known as estrogen withdrawal theory. Beyond endogenous hormonal changes accompanying reproductive events, exogenous factors such contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy may also affect migraines. The influence cannot be explained simply serum levels; instead, it involves complex interplay of various factors. Here, we delineate aspects migraines associated with over course woman’s life, exploring mechanisms contributing through which hormones

Language: Английский

---

New perspectives on migraine treatment: a review of the mechanisms and effects of complementary and alternative therapies

Frontiers in Neurology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: May 9, 2024

Migraine is a prevalent and disabling neurovascular disorder, with women being more susceptible, characterized by unilateral throbbing headache, often accompanied nausea vomiting, associated various comorbidities such as brain cardiovascular diseases, which can have serious impact on quality of life. Although nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the main first-line medications for treatment pain, long-term use leads to side effects drug addiction, emphasizes need investigate alternative pain management strategies fewer adverse effects. Complementary medicine viable intervention used in conjunction traditional medications, including acupuncture, herbs, moxibustion, transcutaneous electrical stimulation, bio-supplements, acupressure, offer non-pharmacological alternatives that now options. This review focuses mechanistic doctrine migraine generation role potential mechanisms Alternative Therapies (CAT) migraine, summarizes research evidences CAT an adjunct or conventional therapies novel (calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) antagonists pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating (PACAP) antagonists) aim evaluating adjunctive treatment, thereby providing broader perspective design programs effective management.

Language: Английский

---