Calcium Signals in Astrocyte Microdomains, a Decade of Great Advances DOI Creative Commons
Annamaria Lia, Vanessa Jorge Henriques, Micaela Zonta

et al.

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: June 7, 2021

The glial cells astrocytes have long been recognized as important neuron-supporting elements in brain development, homeostasis, and metabolism. After the discovery that reciprocal communication between neurons is a fundamental mechanism modulation of neuronal synaptic communication, over last two decades became hot topic neuroscience research. Crucial to their functional interactions with are cytosolic Ca 2+ elevations mediate gliotransmission. Large attention has posed so-called microdomains, dynamic changes spatially restricted fine astrocytic processes including perisynaptic (PAPs). With presynaptic terminals postsynaptic membranes, PAPs compose tripartite synapse. distinct spatial-temporal features roles astrocyte microdomain activity remain poorly defined. However, thanks development genetically encoded indicators (GECIs), advanced microscopy techniques, innovative analytical approaches, transients microdomains were recently studied unprecedented detail. These events observed occur much more frequently (∼50–100-fold) dynamically than somatic mechanisms likely involve both IP 3 -dependent -independent pathways. Further progress aimed clarify complex, machinery responsible for at crucial step our understanding role function may also reveal novel therapeutic targets different diseases. Here, we review most recent studies improve mechanistic essential microdomains.

Language: Английский

Glutathione-Dependent Detoxification Processes in Astrocytes DOI
Ralf Dringen,

Maria Brandmann,

Michaela C. Hohnholt

et al.

Neurochemical Research, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 40(12), P. 2570 - 2582

Published: Nov. 27, 2014

Language: Английский

Citations

162
Versatile control of synaptic circuits by astrocytes: where, when and how? DOI
Glenn Dallérac, Jonathan Zapata, Nathalie Rouach

et al.

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 19(12), P. 729 - 743

Published: Nov. 6, 2018

Language: Английский

Citations

161
Morphological plasticity of astroglia: Understanding synaptic microenvironment DOI Creative Commons
J Heller, Dmitri A. Rusakov

Glia, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 63(12), P. 2133 - 2151

Published: March 18, 2015

Memory formation in the brain is thought to rely on remodeling of synaptic connections which eventually results neural network rewiring. This likely involve ultrathin astroglial protrusions often occur immediate vicinity excitatory synapses. The phenomenology, cellular mechanisms, and causal relationships such restructuring remain, however, poorly understood. large part because monitoring probing underpinning molecular machinery scale nanoscopic compartments remains a challenge. Here we briefly summarize current knowledge regarding organisation astroglia microenvironment discuss mechanisms potentially involved use-dependent morphogenesis. We also recent observations concerning morphological plasticity, respective methods, some newly emerging techniques that might help with conceptual advances area. GLIA 2015;63:2133–2151

Language: Английский

Citations

144
Medium‐chain fatty acids inhibit mitochondrial metabolism in astrocytes promoting astrocyte‐neuron lactate and ketone body shuttle systems DOI Open Access
Jonathan Thévenet, Umberto De Marchi, Jaime Santo‐Domingo

et al.

The FASEB Journal, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 30(5), P. 1913 - 1926

Published: Feb. 2, 2016

Medium-chain triglycerides have been used as part of a ketogenic diet effective in reducing epileptic episodes. The health benefits the derived medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) are thought to result from stimulation liver ketogenesis providing fuel for brain. We tested whether MCFAs direct effects on energy metabolism induced pluripotent stem cell-derived human astrocytes and neurons. Using single-cell imaging, we observed an acute pronounced reduction mitochondrial electrical potential concomitant drop NAD(P)H signal astrocytes, but not Despite function, did lower intracellular ATP levels or activate sensor AMP-activated protein kinase. concentrations were unaltered, even when blocking respiratory chain, suggesting compensation through accelerated glycolysis. MCFA decanoic acid (300 μM) promoted glycolysis augmented lactate formation by 49.6%. shorter octanoic affect increased rates astrocyte 2.17-fold compared with that control cells. may brain modulation leading activation shuttle systems provide neighboring neurons form ketone bodies.—Thevenet, J., De Marchi, U., Santo Domingo, Christinat, N., Bultot, L., Lefebvre, G., Sakamoto, K., Descombes, P., Masoodi, M., Wiederkehr, A. inhibit promoting astrocyte-neuron body systems. FASEB J. 30, 1913–1926 (2016). www.fasebj.org

Language: Английский

Citations

138
Astrocytes as new targets to improve cognitive functions DOI
Glenn Dallérac, Nathalie Rouach

Progress in Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 144, P. 48 - 67

Published: March 8, 2016

Language: Английский

Citations

129
Glia selectively approach synapses on thin dendritic spines DOI Creative Commons

Nikolai Medvedev,

V.I. Popov,

Christian Henneberger

et al.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2014, Volume and Issue: 369(1654), P. 20140047 - 20140047

Published: Sept. 16, 2014

This paper examines the relationship between morphological modality of 189 dendritic spines and surrounding astroglia using full three-dimensional reconstructions neuropil fragments. An integrative measure glial coverage confirms that thin spine postsynaptic densities are more tightly surrounded by glia. distinction suggests diffusion-dependent synapse–glia communication near ‘learning’ synapses (associated with spines) could be stronger than ‘memory’ larger spines).

Language: Английский

Citations

116
Exosomes From Astrocyte Processes: Signaling to Neurons DOI Creative Commons
Arianna Venturini, Mario Passalacqua, Simone Pelassa

et al.

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Dec. 2, 2019

It is widely recognized that extracellular vesicles subserve non-classical signal transmission in the central nervous system. Here we assess if astrocyte processes, are to play crucial roles intercellular communication at synapses and neuron-astrocyte networks, could convey messages through vesicles. Our findings indicate, for first time freshly isolated processes prepared from adult rat cerebral cortex, can indeed participate system by releasing exosomes volume might target near or long-distance sites. noteworthy released proved ability selectively neurons. The astrocyte-derived were proven positive neuroglobin, a protein functioning as neuroprotectant against cell insult; possibility transfer neuroglobin neurons would add mechanism potential astrocytic activity. Notably, of astrocytes maintained markers, which prove their parental origin. This potentially allows assessment cellular origin be recovered body fluids.

Language: Английский

Citations

113
Astrocyte, a Promising Target for Mood Disorder Interventions DOI Creative Commons
Xinyi Zhou, Qian Xiao, Li Xie

et al.

Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: June 5, 2019

Mood disorders have multiple phenotypes and complex underlying biological mechanisms and, as such, there are no effective therapeutic strategies. A review of recent work on the role astrocytes in mood is thus warranted, which we embark here. We argue that tremendous potential for novel strategies interventions based astrocytes. Astrocytes traditionally considered to supporting roles within brain, yet emerging evidence has shown more direct influencing brain function. Notably, from postmortem human tissues highlighted changes glial cell morphology, density astrocyte-related biomarkers genes following disorders, indicating astrocyte involvement disorders. Findings animal models strongly imply not only change morphology physiological characteristics but also influence neural circuits via synapse structure formation. This pays particular attention interactions between neurons argues dysfunction affects monoaminergic system, excitatory-inhibitory balance neurotrophic states local networks. Together, these studies provide a foundation knowledge about exact Importantly, then focus cells two, so can understand newly proposed identify diagnostic indicators or targets treatment diseases.

Language: Английский

Citations

106
Cell adhesion and matricellular support by astrocytes of the tripartite synapse DOI Creative Commons
Anne E.J. Hillen, J. Peter H. Burbach, Elly M. Hol

et al.

Progress in Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 165-167, P. 66 - 86

Published: Feb. 11, 2018

Astrocytes contribute to the formation, function, and plasticity of synapses. Their processes enwrap neuronal components tripartite synapse, due this close interaction they are perfectly positioned modulate communication. The between astrocytes synapses is facilitated by cell adhesion molecules matricellular proteins, which have been implicated in formation functioning importance such neuron-astrocyte integration at synapse underscored emerging role astrocyte dysfunction synaptic pathologies as autism schizophrenia. Here we review astrocyte-expressed that play a neurons within synapse.

Language: Английский

Citations

101
Astrocytic Coverage of Dendritic Spines, Dendritic Shafts, and Axonal Boutons in Hippocampal Neuropil DOI Creative Commons

Nikolay Gavrilov,

Inna Golyagina,

Alexey Brazhe

et al.

Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Aug. 17, 2018

Distal astrocytic processes have a complex morphology, reminiscent of branchlets and leaflets. Astrocytic are rod-like containing mitochondria endoplasmic reticulum, capable generating inositol-3-phosphate (IP3)-dependent Ca2+ signals. Leaflets small flat that protrude from fill the space between synapses. Here we use three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions serial section electron microscopy (EM) rat CA1 hippocampal neuropil to determine coverage dendritic spines, shafts axonal boutons. The distance maximum astrocyte volume fraction (VF) correlated with size spine when calculated center mass postsynaptic density (PSD) or edge PSD, but not surface. This suggests larger spines is similar in neuropil. Diffusion simulations showed such synaptic microenvironment favors glutamate spillover extrasynaptic receptor activation at smaller spines. We used complexity entropy measures characterize 2D projections had spatial than leaflets, consistent higher structural less organized distribution VF leaflets was highest around lower boutons lowest shafts. In contrast, similarly low these three neuronal compartments. Taken together, results suggest preferentially contact synapses as opposed shaft, an arrangement might favor neurotransmitter along

Language: Английский

Citations

101