Edaravone: A Novel Possible Drug for Cancer Treatment?

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(3), P. 1633 - 1633

Published: Jan. 29, 2024

Despite significant advancements in understanding the causes and progression of tumors, cancer remains one leading death worldwide. In light advances therapy, there has been a growing interest drug repurposing, which involves exploring new uses for medications that are already approved clinical use. One such medication is edaravone, currently used to manage patients with cerebral infarction amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Due its antioxidant anti-inflammatory properties, edaravone also investigated potential activities treating cancer, notably as an anti-proliferative cytoprotective against side effects induced by traditional therapies. This comprehensive review aims provide updates on various applications therapy. It explores standalone antitumor drug, either alone or combination other medications, well role adjuvant mitigate conventional anticancer treatments.

Language: Английский

---

Reduced Treatment Volumes for Glioblastoma Associated with Lower Rates of Radionecrosis and Lymphopenia: A Pooled Analysis

Advances in Radiation Oncology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 10(3), P. 101717 - 101717

Published: Jan. 18, 2025

There is marked variability in treatment fields for glioblastoma. We performed a retrospective study comparing outcomes of patients treated according to MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC) or Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) guidelines and identified differences treatment-related toxicity. Adult with glioblastoma surgery adjuvant radiation were included this study. Primary local control, progression-free survival (PFS), overall (OS), radiation-related PFS OS estimated using the Kaplan-Meier estimator. Univariate multivariate analyses conducted Cox regression models. In total, 257 met inclusion criteria median age 60.1 years at diagnosis. 162 95 MDACC RTOG guidelines, respectively. Despite having similar gross tumor volumes, cohort had larger planning target volume (303.2 cm³ vs 430.7 cm³, P < .001) worse (6 months 9 months, = .031). was no difference between techniques. Patients experienced higher rates radionecrosis (34% 21%, .024) severe lymphopenia (15% 7%, .044). smaller improved PFS, lower lymphopenia. However, when adjusting prognostic factors, type not associated analysis. Prospective investigation warranted confirm these outcomes.

Language: Английский

---

Modernizing Neuro-Oncology: The Impact of Imaging, Liquid Biopsies, and AI on Diagnosis and Treatment

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(3), P. 917 - 917

Published: Jan. 22, 2025

Advances in neuro-oncology have transformed the diagnosis and management of brain tumors, which are among most challenging malignancies due to their high mortality rates complex neurological effects. Despite advancements surgery chemoradiotherapy, prognosis for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) metastases remains poor, underscoring need innovative diagnostic strategies. This review highlights recent imaging techniques, liquid biopsies, artificial intelligence (AI) applications addressing current challenges. Advanced including diffusion tensor (DTI) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), improve differentiation tumor progression from treatment-related changes. Additionally, novel positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers, such as 18F-fluoropivalate, 18F-fluoroethyltyrosine, 18F-fluluciclovine, facilitate metabolic profiling high-grade gliomas. Liquid biopsy, a minimally invasive technique, enables real-time monitoring biomarkers circulating DNA (ctDNA), extracellular vesicles (EVs), cells (CTCs), tumor-educated platelets (TEPs), enhancing precision. AI-driven algorithms, convolutional neural networks, integrate tools accuracy, reduce interobserver variability, accelerate clinical decision-making. These innovations advance personalized neuro-oncological care, offering new opportunities outcomes patients with central nervous system tumors. We advocate future research integrating these into workflows, accessibility challenges, standardizing methodologies ensure broad applicability neuro-oncology.

Language: Английский

---

Comparison of Imaging Modalities in Differentiating Cerebral Neoplastic Lesions and Post-radiation Necrosis

Cureus, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 6, 2025

Neuroimaging of cerebral neoplastic lesions and post-radiation necrosis (PRN) presents significant challenges due to their overlapping features, making differentiation difficult. The use various imaging modalities in association with radiation therapy introduces potential risks prognostic variations that can affect lesion physiology. Patients who undergo treatment inevitably experience changes influenced by factors such as dose, brain volume, tumor fraction size. Additionally, vascular injury the inflammatory response associated contribute alterations observed neuroimaging. This literature review aims provide a comparative overview studies highlight optimal modality distinguish between PRN recurrence. assessed included dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) susceptibility contrast (DSC) MR-perfusion, MR-spectroscopy, intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) perfusion, nuclear medicine studies, including 18F-fluoro-ethyl-1-tyrosine positron emission tomography (18F-FET PET) 11C-methionine PET (11C MET-PET). improvement diagnostic accuracy multimodal must be further investigated improve clinical patient management outcomes reoccurrence.

Language: Английский

---

Regeneration following tissue necrosis is mediated by non-apoptotic caspase activity

Published: Feb. 21, 2025

Tissue necrosis is a devastating complication for many human diseases and injuries. Unfortunately, our understanding of how it impacts surrounding healthy tissue – an essential consideration when developing effective methods to treat such injuries has been limited by lack robust genetically tractable models. Our lab previously established method study necrosis-induced regeneration in the Drosophila wing imaginal disc, which revealed unique phenomenon whereby cells at distance from injury upregulate caspase activity process called Necrosis-induced Apoptosis (NiA) that vital regeneration. Here we have further investigated this phenomenon, showing NiA predominantly associated with highly regenerative pouch region shaped genetic factors present presumptive hinge. Furthermore, find proportion fail undergo apoptosis, instead surviving effector activation persist within stimulate reparative proliferation late This relies on initiator Dronc, occurs independent JNK, ROS or mitogens characterized Apoptosis-induced Proliferation (AiP) mechanism. These data reveal new means non-apoptotic Dronc signaling promotes response necrotic damage.

Language: Английский

---

Aberrant choroid plexus formation drives the development of treatment-related brain toxicity

Communications Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: Feb. 22, 2025

Abstract Brain tumors are commonly treated with radiotherapy, but the efficacy of treatment is limited by its toxicity to normal tissue including post-irradiation contrast enhanced lesions often linked necrosis. The poorly understood mechanisms behind such brain were studied using cerebral organoids. Here we show that irradiation organoids leads dose-dependent growth retardation and formation liquid-filled cavities not correlated Instead, radiation-induced changes comprise an enhancement cortical hem markers, altered neuroepithelial stem cell differentiation, increase ZO1 + /AQP1 /CLDN3 -choroid plexus (CP)-like structures accompanied upregulation IGF2 mRNA, known be expressed in CP cerebrospinal fluid. differentiation attributed WNT/BMP signaling pathways. We conclude aberrant can involved providing additional strategies for possible countermeasures.

Language: Английский

---

Regeneration following tissue necrosis is mediated by non-apoptotic caspase activity

eLife, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: March 5, 2025

Tissue necrosis is a devastating complication for many human diseases and injuries. Unfortunately, our understanding of how it impacts surrounding healthy tissue – an essential consideration when developing effective methods to treat such injuries has been limited by lack robust genetically tractable models. Our lab previously established method study necrosis-induced regeneration in the Drosophila wing imaginal disc, which revealed unique phenomenon whereby cells at distance from injury upregulate caspase activity process called Necrosis-induced Apoptosis (NiA) that vital regeneration. Here, we have further investigated this phenomenon, showing NiA predominantly associated with highly regenerative pouch region shaped genetic factors present presumptive hinge. Furthermore, find proportion fail undergo apoptosis, instead surviving effector activation persist within stimulate reparative proliferation late This relies on initiator Dronc, occurs independent JNK, ROS or mitogens characterized Apoptosis-induced Proliferation (AiP) mechanism. These data reveal new means non-apoptotic Dronc signaling promotes response necrotic damage.

Language: Английский

---

Pathological Mechanisms of Irradiation‐Induced Neurological Deficits in the Developing Brain

European Journal of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 61(6)

Published: March 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Cranial irradiation or radiotherapy (CRT) is one of the essential therapeutic modalities for central nervous system (CNS) tumors, and its efficacy well known. Nevertheless, CRT also associated with brain damages such as focal cerebral necrosis, neuroinflammation, microvascular anomalies, neurocognitive dysfunction, hormone deficiencies in children. Children's brains are much more sensitive to compared adult's brains. Thus, children's likely develop long‐term complication, which severely lessens their quality life after treatment. juvenile rat led a retardation growth cerebellum; both gray white matter neurogenic regions like subventricular zone dentate gyrus hippocampus were predominantly vulnerable CRT. Also, CRT‐induced cognitive changes typically manifested deficits hippocampal‐related functions learning memory, spatial information processing. Fractionated CRT–stimulated decline precisely augmented neuronal cell death, blockade neurogenesis, stimulation astrocytes microglia. aim this review highlight pathological mechanism neurological developing brain.

Language: Английский

---

A Diagnostic Conundrum: Cerebral Radiation Necrosis Masquerading as Tumor in the Contralateral Hemisphere

Indian Journal of Neurosurgery, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 2, 2025

Abstract Cerebral radiation necrosis (CRN) is a recognized late complication following cranial irradiation. This article describes unique case of CRN occurring contralaterally to the original irradiation site in male treated for atypical meningioma with surgery and subsequent therapy. highlights diagnostic challenge differentiating from tumor recurrence or progression importance advanced imaging techniques biopsy diagnosis.

Language: Английский

---

Bevacizumab reduces cerebral radiation necrosis due to stereotactic radiotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer patients with brain metastases: an inverse probability of treatment weighting analysis

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Aug. 27, 2024

Background Cerebral radiation necrosis (RN), a severe complication of stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT), has been shown to significantly decrease patient survival time and quality life. The purpose this study was analyze whether bevacizumab can prevent or reduce the occurrence SRT-induced cerebral RN in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with brain metastases. Materials methods We retrospectively reviewed clinical records NSCLC metastases from March 2013 June 2023 who were treated SRT. Patients divided into two groups: those group received SRT four cycles bevacizumab, control only. Inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW) performed based on multinomial propensity score model balance baseline characteristics. chi-square test used. A Cox used evaluate overall (OS). Results total 80 enrolled, namely, 28 52 group. possibility developing and/or symptomatic edema (RN/SE) decreased compared did not receive before IPTW (p=0.036) after (p=0.015) according analysis. IPTW-adjusted median OS 47.7 months (95% CI 27.4-80.8) for 44.1 36.7-68.0) (p=0.364) Conclusion application concurrent may

Language: Английский

---