Thyroid function during COVID-19 and post-COVID complications in adults: a systematic review

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Feb. 4, 2025

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, has presented multifaceted health challenges. COVID-19 primarily targets system but also affects multiple organ systems, including endocrine system. Emerging evidence suggests interactions between thyroid function, phase of COVID-19, and prolonged symptoms known as post-COVID sequalae or long COVID. Several studies have reported that can induce dysfunction, leading to conditions such thyroiditis alterations in hormone levels. mechanisms through which SARS-CoV-2 include direct viral infection cells, thyroiditis, causes inflammation transient sustained well an excessive systemic immune response (cytokine storm). This is associated with elevated levels cytokines, IL-6, disrupt function lead nonthyroidal illness (NTIS). Medications administered during phase, corticosteroids antiviral drugs, impact actions. involvement gland COVID, postacute sequelae infection, area not defined, potential implications for understanding managing this condition. Persistent low-grade affecting over time ongoing exacerbate pre-existing conditions. Viral infections, SARS-CoV-2, trigger worsen autoimmune diseases, Hashimoto’s Graves’ disease. Long COVID may hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, can, turn, affect hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) abnormal function. review was designed systematically capture recent literature on COVID-19-related dysfunction adult population, prognostic consequences effects patients A comprehensive search PubMed EMBASE databases conducted. systematic performed based Preferred Reporting Items Systematic Reviews Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Study quality assessed using Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). total 53 met inclusion criteria. summarises findings provides update current spectrum disorders, underscoring complex nature its far-reaching impacts human health.

Language: Английский

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Subacute thyroiditis following COVID-19: A systematic review

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: April 5, 2023

Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is a self-limiting thyroid inflammatory disease occurring specifically after upper respiratory tract infections. Since COVID-19 leading to multi-organ involvements, we aimed systematically review the literature regarding SAT secondary COVID-19.We searched Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane, Web of Science, ProQuest, and LitCovid databases using terms "subacute thyroiditis" "COVID-19" their synonyms from inception November 3, 2022. We included original articles patients with COVID-19. Studies reporting vaccination or symptoms' manifestation before infection were not included.Totally, 820 retained. Having removed duplicates, 250 remained, out which 43 (40 case reports three series) total 100 patients, eventually selected. The aged 18-85 years (Mean: 42.70, SD: 11.85) 68 (68%) women. time onset symptoms varied zero 168 days 28.31, 36.92). most common neck pain in 69 (69%), fever 54 (54%), fatigue weakness 34 (34%), persistent palpitations 31 (31%). ultrasonographic findings hypoechoic regions 73 (79%), enlarged 46 (50%), changes vascularity 14 (15%). Thirty-one (31%) hospitalized, treated as outpatients. Corticosteroids preferred treatment both inpatient outpatient settings (25 inpatients (81%) 44 outpatients (65%)). Other treatments nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nine (29%) 17 (25%)) beta-blockers (four (13%) seven (10%)). After mean duration 61.59 (SD: 67.07), 21 (23%) developed hypothyroidism thus, levothyroxine-based was used six these rest did receive levothyroxine.SAT seems manifest almost similarly conventional SAT. However, except for series, lack studies has limited quality data at hand.

Language: Английский

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Autoimmune Thyroiditis Unveiled: A Case Report of Managing Virally Induced Symptoms in the Emergency Department

Cureus, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 8, 2025

Thyroid storm is a complex medical diagnosis that, due to its lower incidence in general, can be challenging assess if clinicians do not include it their differential diagnosis. If diagnosed late, trigger life-threatening cardiac arrhythmia and multi-organ failure, leading death. Here, we report the case of 40-year-old female patient with an initial complaint sore throat. After being treated for possible bacterial infection, was then found that she had abnormal thyroid levels viral infection. This paper will describe findings, decisions, prognosis, different diagnoses considered when assessed emergency department during her hospital stay.

Language: Английский

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Subacute thyroiditis diagnostic challenges in clinical practice: a case report

Journal of Medical Case Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 19(1)

Published: May 2, 2025

Subacute thyroiditis is often misdiagnosed owing to its nonspecific symptoms, which can mimic other conditions. Accurate diagnosis relies heavily on thorough physical examination and careful interpretation of laboratory tests. A 53-year-old female Iranian (Persian) ethnicity was initially with sinusitis after presenting persistent anterior neck pain, fever, worsening fatigue. As her symptoms progressed, she later diagnosed pyelonephritis, further delaying the recognition underlying condition. After multiple visits, a comprehensive revealed peripheral vision loss thyroid tenderness. Laboratory tests eventually confirmed subacute thyroiditis. The patient treated 10-day course prednisone, resulting in rapid symptom improvement. This case underscores critical role strategic selection accurately diagnosing Early through clinical assessment help prevent diagnostic delays, unnecessary treatments, prolonged symptoms.

Language: Английский

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Clinical, biochemical features and functional outcome of patients with SARS-CoV-2-related subacute thyroiditis: a review

Endocrine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 79(3), P. 448 - 454

Published: Nov. 17, 2022

Abstract Introduction SARS CoV-2 infection involves many organs and systems, including the thyroid, in which it manifests itself as subacute thyroiditis (SAT). After our first description of SAT due to SARS-CoV2 infection, other reports have confirmed correlation between SARS-CoV-2 SAT. We review cases associated with COVID-19 highlight its peculiar clinical biochemical features, outcome what has added understanding Results reviewed 24 articles, for a total 69 related infection. All had neck pain, whereas thyrotoxicosis was documented 68/68 who their thyroid function checked. Ultrasound, performed 67 patients, typical 65 low uptake at scintigraphy demonstrated all 12 evaluated patients. Patients prompt response anti-inflammatory and/or glucocorticoid therapy, expected The rate hypothyroidism higher (36.5%) COVID-19-related compared that observed pre-COVID era (10%). Conclusions Clinical, biochemical, instrumental features are like those reported prior pandemic, but appears more severe.

Language: Английский

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Long-Term Impacts of COVID-19 on Thyroid Health: Insights From Clinical Studies

Cureus, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 14, 2024

COVID-19 emerged in December 2019 and rapidly became a global pandemic. It has since been associated with the progression of various endocrine disorders, including thyroid disease. The long-term effects this interplay have yet to be explored. This review explores relationship between diseases, emphasizing gland function clinical implications for managing disorders infected individuals.

Language: Английский

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Schnitzler syndrome associated with recurrent subacute thyroiditis and SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine—A case review

Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 37(11)

Published: July 7, 2023

Language: Английский

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Subacute thyroiditis following Mpox infection in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus

Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism Case Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2023(3)

Published: July 1, 2023

Summary Mpox (MPX) formerly known as monkeypox was declared a public health emergency of international concern, following an outbreak that commenced in May 2022. We report case subacute thyroiditis MPX infection. To our knowledge, it is the first documented incidence this complication humans. A 51-year-old male, with well-controlled human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on antiretroviral therapy, reviewed 3 weeks after positive test for MPX. The acute skin lesions and initial systemic symptoms had resolved, but he described significant neck discomfort, fatigue, weight loss night sweats. Blood tests showed raised C-reactive protein, free T4 suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone. His thyroid antibodies were negative. He treated initially carbimazole propranolol, pending exclusion any other intercurrent chest radiograph normal; blood cultures combined nose throat swab respiratory PCR testing Following this, 2-week course prednisolone; his resolved completely within 24 h starting. subsequently developed hypothyroidism, which levothyroxine. clinical features, abnormal function, CRP negative post-MPX consistent viral thyroiditis. This demonstrates that, infections, can cause thyroiditis, follows similar to classic form Clinicians should be aware potential endocrine when attending patients Learning points Subacute present mpox Its steroids are effective. It important exclude concurrent infections prior starting steroids, especially who immunosuppressed or high-risk groups.

Language: Английский

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Affectation of the thyroid gland post SARS-CoV-2

SCT Proceedings in Interdisciplinary Insights and Innovations., Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 1, P. 171 - 171

Published: Nov. 18, 2023

Introduction: The thyroid gland is an endocrine located in the anterior face of neck and responsible for secreting hormones T3, T4 calcitonin. In thyroid, a large number receptors angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) have been noted, which serves as gateway Covid-19, enters that can cause direct and/or indirect damage generate various symptoms, depending on patient, is, whether patient has chronic disease or not (type diabetes, hypertension) it noted when disease, clinical picture worsens, complication very severe: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) subacute thyroiditis.Objectives: objective this systematic review to evaluate symptoms caused by covid-19 post infection possible treatment.Material methods: This work whose material methods collected will be what available selected articles database: Pubmed Google Scholary

Language: Английский

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Cytodiagnosis of subacute granulomatous thyroiditis (De Quervain's thyroiditis)—A report of four cases

Diagnostic Cytopathology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 52(1)

Published: Oct. 8, 2023

Abstract Subacute granulomatous thyroiditis (SGT)/De Quervain's is a rare self‐limiting inflammatory disease, accounting for 3% of all thyroid disorders. Most commonly seen in middle aged women, it shows characteristic triad pain the anterior cervical region, increased ESR and recent history viral upper respiratory tract infection. The cytomorphological features are not pathognomonic can also be Hashimoto's thyroiditis, infections, sarcoidosis, papillary carcinoma. We report four cases SGT, diagnosed on fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Familiarity with cytomorphology SGT awareness clinical setting essential making an accurate diagnosis.

Language: Английский

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