Cerebromicrovascular mechanisms contributing to long COVID: implications for neurocognitive health

GeroScience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Abstract Long COVID (also known as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection [PASC] or post-COVID syndrome) is characterized by persistent symptoms that extend beyond the acute phase infection, affecting approximately 10% to over 30% those infected. It presents a significant clinical challenge, notably due pronounced neurocognitive such brain fog. The mechanisms underlying these effects are multifactorial, with mounting evidence pointing central role cerebromicrovascular dysfunction. This review investigates key pathophysiological contributing cerebrovascular dysfunction in long and their impacts on health. We discuss how endothelial tropism direct vascular trigger dysfunction, impaired neurovascular coupling, blood–brain barrier disruption, resulting compromised cerebral perfusion. Furthermore, appears induce mitochondrial enhancing oxidative stress inflammation within cells. Autoantibody formation following also potentially exacerbates injury, chronic ongoing compromise. These factors collectively contribute emergence white matter hyperintensities, promote amyloid pathology, may accelerate neurodegenerative processes, including Alzheimer’s disease. emphasizes critical advanced imaging techniques assessing health need for targeted interventions address complications. A deeper understanding essential advance treatments mitigate its long-term consequences.

Language: Английский

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The alternative renin–angiotensin system in critically ill patients: pathophysiology and therapeutic implications

Critical Care, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 27(1)

Published: Nov. 20, 2023

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a crucial role in regulating blood pressure and the cardio-renal system. classical RAS, mainly mediated by angiotensin I, angiotensin-converting enzyme, II, has been reported to be altered critically ill patients, such as those vasodilatory shock. However, recent research highlighted of some components counterregulatory axis termed alternative Enzyme 2 (ACE2) angiotensin-(1-7), or peptidases which can modulate RAS like dipeptidyl-peptidase 3, many critical situations. In cases shock, an enzyme involved degradation opioid peptides, associated with acute kidney injury mortality preclinical studies have tested its neutralization. Angiotensin-(1-7) shown prevent septic shock development improve outcomes experimental models sepsis. context lung injury, ACE2 activity demonstrated protective role, inactivation worsened function, leading use active recombinant human ACE2, studies. randomized controlled trial for patients COVID-19 related hypoxemia. Overall, appears pathogenesis disease modulation may outcomes. Here, we review available evidence regarding methods analysis pathophysiological disturbances this system, discuss how therapeutic manipulation ill.

Language: Английский

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Diminazene aceturate attenuates systemic inflammation via microbiota gut-5-HT brain-spleen sympathetic axis in male mice

Brain Behavior and Immunity, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 119, P. 105 - 119

Published: March 27, 2024

Language: Английский

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Dysfunction of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in human septic shock

Peptides, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 176, P. 171201 - 171201

Published: March 29, 2024

Language: Английский

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Pathogenic mechanisms of cardiovascular damage in COVID-19

Molecular Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(1)

Published: June 19, 2024

Abstract Background COVID-19 is a new infectious disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2). Since outbreak in December 2019, it has an unprecedented world pandemic, leading to global human health crisis. Although SARS CoV-2 mainly affects lungs, causing interstitial pneumonia and distress syndrome, number of patients often have extensive clinical manifestations, such as gastrointestinal symptoms, cardiovascular damage renal dysfunction. Purpose This review article discusses pathogenic mechanisms provides some useful suggestions for future diagnosis, treatment prevention. Methods An English-language literature search was conducted PubMed Web Science databases up 12th April, 2024 terms “COVID-19”, “SARS CoV-2”, “cardiovascular damage”, “myocardial injury”, “myocarditis”, “hypertension”, “arrhythmia”, “heart failure” “coronary heart disease”, especially update articles 2023 2024. Salient medical literatures regarding were selected, extracted synthesized. Results The most common myocarditis pericarditis, hypertension, arrhythmia, myocardial injury failure, coronary disease, stress cardiomyopathy, ischemic stroke, blood coagulation abnormalities, dyslipidemia. Two important may be direct viral cytotoxicity well indirect hyperimmune responses body infection. Conclusions Cardiovascular portends worse prognosis. underlying pathophysiological related are not completely clear, two SARSCoV-2 infection responses.

Language: Английский

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Mathematical modeling of impacts of patient differences on renin-angiotensin system and applications to COVID-19 lung fibrosis outcomes

Computers in Biology and Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 186, P. 109631 - 109631

Published: Jan. 2, 2025

Language: Английский

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Gender differences in sequelae from COVID-19 infection

Elsevier eBooks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 599 - 613

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Toward Real-Time Proteomics: Blood to Biomarker Quantitation in under One Hour

Analytical Chemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 20, 2025

Multistep multihour tryptic proteolysis has limited the utility of bottom-up proteomics for cases that require immediate quantitative information. The power to quantify biomarkers health status cannot practically assist in clinical care if dynamics disease outpaces turnaround analysis. recently available hyperthermoacidic archaeal (HTA) protease "Krakatoa" digests samples a single 5 30 min step at pH 3 and >80 °C conditions disrupt most cells tissues, denature proteins, block disulfide reformation thereby dramatically expediting simplifying sample preparation. combination quick single-step with high-throughput dual-trapping analytical column (DTSC) liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) returns actionable data less than 1 h from collection unprocessed biofluid. systematic evaluation this methodology finds over 160 proteins are quantified μL whole blood. Furthermore, labile Angiotensin I II bioactive peptides along panel protein species can be measured 8 intervals 20 initial lag using targeted MS. With these methods, we analyzed serum plasma 53 individuals 150 including least 46 were not detected trypsin. We discuss some implications real-time potential advance several research applications.

Language: Английский

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The association of withholding or continuing angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin 2 receptor blockers on acute kidney injury after non‐cardiac surgery

Anaesthesia, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 79(9), P. 937 - 944

Published: May 13, 2024

Withholding or continuing angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors angiotensin 2 receptor blockers peri-operatively in non-cardiac surgery remains controversial as they may result intra-operative hypotension and postoperative organ damage.

Language: Английский

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The Role of ACE2 in Neurological Disorders: From Underlying Mechanisms to the Neurological Impact of COVID-19

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(18), P. 9960 - 9960

Published: Sept. 15, 2024

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has become a hot topic in neuroscience research recent years, especially the context of global COVID-19 pandemic, where its role neurological diseases received widespread attention. ACE2, as multifunctional metalloprotease, not only plays critical cardiovascular system but also an important protection, development, and inflammation regulation nervous system. The pandemic further highlights importance ACE2 SARS-CoV-2 enters host cells by binding to which may directly or indirectly affect system, leading range symptoms. This review aims explore function well potential impact therapeutic various diseases, providing new perspective for treatment disorders.

Language: Английский

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