Working memory expedites the processing of visual signals within the extrastriate cortex

iScience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 27(8), P. 110489 - 110489

Published: July 11, 2024

Language: Английский

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Are latent working memory items retrieved from long-term memory?

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 77(8), P. 1703 - 1726

Published: Nov. 20, 2023

Switching one's focus of attention between to-be-remembered items in working memory (WM) is critical for cognition, but the mechanisms by which this accomplished are unclear. A long-term (LTM) account suggests that switching away from an item, and passively retaining reactivating such "latent" back into involves episodic LTM retrieval processes, even delays only a few seconds. We tested hypothesis using two-item, double-retrocue WM task requires participants to switch reactivate followed subsequent tests reactivated initial (vs. continuously retained or untested control items). compared performance on these older adults (a population with deficits) young either full (Experiment 1) divided 2) during delay periods. The effects latent items, as well ageing attention, had significant performance, did not interact systematically affect versus item-, location-, associative-recognition judgements made high low confidence. Experiment 3 confirmed depend whether were warned about before performing task. These dissociations inconsistent WM; they more consistent dynamic processing model (

Language: Английский

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Prioritization of semantic over visuo-perceptual aspects in multi-item working memory

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 1, 2022

Abstract Working Memory (WM) keeps information temporarily available for upcoming tasks. How the contents of WM are distinguished from perceptual representations on one hand, and long-term memories other, is still debated. Here, we leveraged recent evidence a reversal processing dynamics when retrieving episodic as opposed to perceiving visual input. In two experiments (n=75 n=103), asked participants hold or more items in report their low-level high-level semantic qualities. both experiments, found faster responses items’ qualities, indicating prioritization over visuo-perceptual aspects, were held concurrently WM. These accessing multi-item akin those opposite inputs. Little no was evident during single-item maintenance, consistent with strictly capacity-limited focus attention within which can be transformed into prospective action plan.

Language: Английский

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Featural and spatial interference with functionally active and passive items in working memory

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 6, 2024

Abstract We hypothesised that functionally active and passive states in working memory might be related to different neural mechanisms. Memoranda maintained by persistent firing, whereas memoranda through short-term synaptic plasticity. reasoned this make these items differentially susceptible interference during maintenance, particular more robust. To test hypothesis, we gave our participants a task which one item was prioritised (active) always probing it first, while the other deprioritised (passive) second. In three experiments, presented an interfering stimuli matched either feature dimension of (colour or orientation), their spatial location, both. found both were affected interference, similar extent, with overall performance being closely matched. However, observed qualitative difference nature representations. Specifically, featural seemed produce reduced precision for items, resulted higher guess rates items. The existence suggests may indeed map onto mechanisms, even though on average they seem equally robust interference.

Language: Английский

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Decoding load or selection in visuospatial working memory?

Psychophysiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 61(10)

Published: June 21, 2024

Flexible updating of information in Visual Working Memory (VWM) is crucial to deal with its limited capacity. Previous research has shown that the removal no longer relevant takes some time complete. Here, we sought study course such by tracking accompanying drop load through behavioral and neurophysiological measures. In first experimental session, participants completed a visuospatial retro-cue task which Cue-Target Interval (CTI) was manipulated. The performance revealed it about half second make full use retro-cue. dynamics load-related electroencephalographic (EEG) signals track information. We applied Multivariate Pattern Analysis (MVPA) EEG data from same task. Right after encoding, results replicated previous using MVPA decode load. However, especially retro-cue, suggested classifiers were mainly sensitive selection component, not so much per se. Additionally, visual cue variations, as well eye movements accompany manipulations can also contribute decoding. These findings advise caution when VWM load, may be confounding operations.

Language: Английский

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The flexibility of working memory in drawing on episodic long-term memory representations in serial recall.

Published: Sept. 2, 2024

Prior episodic long-term memory (LTM) can enhance working (WM) by improving recall of WM representations that match pre-learnt information and freeing up capacity for new information. In this study, we investigated the flexibility in doing so. Specifically, tested whether make use item-item associations a typical serial task, which requires item-positional bindings. We examined any benefits arise from accessing full – leading to reduction load or item activation, where advantages align more with redintegration during test. Furthermore, novel words depended on position within lists. Across three experiments, consistently found incorporating into facilitated immediate matched - speaking against an activation account. However, benefit lists included pairs could be easily submitted encoding strategies, such as chunking offloading, was providing matching grouping structures encoding.

Language: Английский

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Long-Term Effects of Working Memory Retrieval From Prioritized and Deprioritized States

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 11, 2024

Abstract Which factors determine whether information temporarily held in working memory (WM) is transferred to long-term (LTM)? Previous work has shown that retrieving (“testing”) memories from LTM can benefit their future recall. Here, we examined the extent which a for subsequent may also occur after retrieval WM, depending on WM contents were retrieved prioritized or deprioritized state. In three experiments, combined variants of novel visual paradigm with surprise recall test. We found testing both and contents, which, interestingly, was stronger information. This pattern showed similarly across experiments different priority manipulations. Subsequent benefits generally occurred recall-like test format (continuous report), but not simple comparisons against probe. The surprisingly larger reflect enhanced encoding participants’ own subjective report – as opposed originally presented sample into LTM.

Language: Английский

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When Load is Low, Working Memory is Shielded from Long-Term Memory's Influence

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Previous studies found that episodic long-term memory (eLTM) enhances WM performance when both novel and previously learnt word pairs must be retained on a short-term basis. However, there is uncertainty regarding how draws eLTM. Three possibilities are (a) people draw eLTM only if capacity exceeded; (b) always contribution of to performance, irrespective whether prior knowledge helpful or not; (c) benefits specific comparisons between conditions which similarly ambiguous concerning LTM may useful. We built the assumption under from LTM, these traces memoranda could benefit hamper in tasks depending match stored ones to-be current trial, yielding proactive facilitation (PF) interference (PI), respectively. Across four experiments, we familiarized participants with some items before they completed separate task. In accordance possibility (a)we show indeed contributes performance. Performance deteriorated addition stimuli load was low, but not it high; an exchange information occurred exceeded, PI PF effects affecting immediate verbal visual at higher set sizes.

Language: Английский

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Cognitive flexibility as the shifting of brain network flows by flexible neural representations

Published: Feb. 17, 2024

Our ability to overcome habitual responses in favor of goal-driven novel depends on frontoparietal cognitive control networks (CCNs). Recent and ongoing work is revealing the brain network information processes that allow CCNs generate flexibility. First, working memory necessary for flexible maintenance manipulation goal-relevant representations were recently found depend short-term plasticity (in contrast persistent activity) within CCN regions. Second, compositional (i.e., abstract reusable) rule maintained have been reroute activity flows from stimulus response, enabling behavior. Together these findings suggest flexibility enhanced by CCN-coordinated mechanisms, utilizing reuse neural flexibly accomplish task goals.

Language: Английский

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Impulse perturbation reveals cross-modal access to sensory working memory through learned associations

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 2, 2023

Abstract We investigated if learned associations between visual and auditory stimuli can afford full cross-modal access to working memory. Previous research using the impulse perturbation technique has shown that memory is one-sided; impulses reveal both memoranda, but do not seem memoranda (Wolff et al., 2020b). Our participants first associate six pure tones with orientation gratings. Next, a delayed match-to-sample task for orientations was completed, while EEG recorded. Orientation memories were recalled either via their counterpart, or visually presented. then decoded from responses presented during delay. Working content could always be impulses. Importantly, through recall of associations, also evoked decodable response WM network, providing evidence access. observed after brief initial dynamic period, representational codes items generalized across time, as well perceptual maintenance long-term conditions. results thus demonstrate accessing in provides pathway seems based on common coding scheme.

Language: Английский

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