Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science,
Journal Year:
2015,
Volume and Issue:
56(11), P. 6906 - 6906
Published: Oct. 27, 2015
Purpose:
To
determine
whether
melanopsin-expressing
intrinsically
photosensitive
retinal
ganglion
cell
(ipRGC)
inputs
to
the
pupil
light
reflex
(PLR)
are
affected
in
early
age-related
macular
degeneration
(AMD).
Methods:
The
PLR
was
measured
40
participants
(20
AMD
and
20
age-matched
controls)
using
a
custom-built
Maxwellian
view
pupillometer.
Sinusoidal
stimuli
(0.5
Hz,
11.9
seconds
duration,
35.6°
diameter)
were
presented
study
eye
consensual
response
lights
with
high
melanopsin
excitation
(464
nm
[blue])
low
(638
[red])
that
biased
activation
outer
retina.
Two
metrics
quantified:
phase
amplitude
percentage
(PAP)
during
sinusoidal
stimulus
presentation
post-illumination
(PIPR).
analyzed
latency
constriction,
transient
maximum
constriction
metrics.
Diagnostic
accuracy
evaluated
receiver
operating
characteristic
(ROC)
curves.
Results:
blue
PIPR
significantly
less
sustained
group
(P
<
0.001).
red
not
different
between
groups
>
0.05).
PAP
lower
There
no
significant
difference
or
for
both
ROC
analysis
showed
excellent
diagnostic
(area
under
curve
0.9).
Conclusions:
This
is
initial
report
melanopsin-controlled
dysfunctional
AMD.
noninvasive,
objective
measurement
of
ipRGC
controlled
has
Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
15, P. 100178 - 100178
Published: April 2, 2023
The
pupil
reacts
to
the
amount
of
light
reaching
eye.
It
reduces
its
size
when
is
high
and
dilates
at
low
levels
allow
entrance
more
photons.
This
behavior
called
reflex
(PLR).
Recent
investigations
in
humans
were
conducted
understand
how
photoreceptor
signals
are
combined
drive
reflex.
review
about
physiological
processes
that
govern
humans.
In
particular,
cone-opsins,
rhodopsin,
melanopsin
photoreception
contribute
governing
PLR.
We
also
summarize
on
assessment
PLR
clinical
settings.
PLoS ONE,
Journal Year:
2015,
Volume and Issue:
10(4), P. e0124328 - e0124328
Published: April 21, 2015
In
1819,
Johann
Purkinje
described
how
a
moving
light
source
that
displaces
the
shadow
of
retinal
blood
vessels
to
adjacent
cones
can
produce
entopic
percept
branching
tree.
Here,
we
describe
novel
method
for
producing
similar
percept.
We
used
device
mixes
56
narrowband
primaries
under
computer
control,
in
conjunction
with
silent
substitution,
present
observers
spectral
modulation
selectively
targeted
penumbral
vessels.
Such
elicits
clear
Purkinje-tree
show
is
specific
L
and
M
cone
stimulation
not
produced
by
selective
S
stimulation.
The
was
strongest
at
16
Hz
fell
off
lower
(8
Hz)
higher
(32
temporal
frequencies.
Selective
open-field
are
shadow,
silenced,
also
percept,
but
it
seen
when
were
modulated
together.
This
indicates
need
spatial
contrast
between
create
Our
observation
provides
new
means
studying
response
retinally
stabilized
images
demonstrates
support
vision.
Further,
result
illustrates
way
which
substitution
techniques
fail
be
silent.
inadvertent
accompany
melanopsin-directed
modulations
designed
only
silence
cones.
turn
visual
responses
might
mistaken
as
melanopsin-driven.
Scientific Reports,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
7(1)
Published: March 23, 2017
Abstract
The
goal
of
this
study
was
to
determine
the
extent
rod-,
cone-,
and
melanopsin-mediated
pupillary
light
reflex
(PLR)
abnormalities
in
diabetic
patients
who
have
non-proliferative
retinopathy
(NPDR).
Fifty
subjects
different
stages
NPDR
25
age-equivalent,
non-diabetic
controls
participated.
PLRs
were
measured
response
full-field,
brief-flash
stimuli
under
conditions
that
target
rod,
cone,
intrinsically-photosensitive
(melanopsin)
retinal
ganglion
cell
pathways.
Pupil
responses
compared
among
groups
using
age-corrected
linear
mixed
models.
Compared
control,
mean
baseline
pupil
diameters
significantly
smaller
for
all
patient
dark
(all
p
<
0.001)
moderate-severe
group
(p
=
0.003).
Pairwise
comparisons
indicated:
(1)
PLR
reduced
mild
(both
0.001);
(2)
cone-mediated
0.008);
(3)
no
significant
differences
rod-mediated
responses.
data
indicate
separately
assess
function
driven
by
photoreceptor
classes.
results
provide
evidence
compromised
neural
these
a
promising
approach
quantifying
their
abnormalities.
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science,
Journal Year:
2015,
Volume and Issue:
56(11), P. 6906 - 6906
Published: Oct. 27, 2015
Purpose:
To
determine
whether
melanopsin-expressing
intrinsically
photosensitive
retinal
ganglion
cell
(ipRGC)
inputs
to
the
pupil
light
reflex
(PLR)
are
affected
in
early
age-related
macular
degeneration
(AMD).
Methods:
The
PLR
was
measured
40
participants
(20
AMD
and
20
age-matched
controls)
using
a
custom-built
Maxwellian
view
pupillometer.
Sinusoidal
stimuli
(0.5
Hz,
11.9
seconds
duration,
35.6°
diameter)
were
presented
study
eye
consensual
response
lights
with
high
melanopsin
excitation
(464
nm
[blue])
low
(638
[red])
that
biased
activation
outer
retina.
Two
metrics
quantified:
phase
amplitude
percentage
(PAP)
during
sinusoidal
stimulus
presentation
post-illumination
(PIPR).
analyzed
latency
constriction,
transient
maximum
constriction
metrics.
Diagnostic
accuracy
evaluated
receiver
operating
characteristic
(ROC)
curves.
Results:
blue
PIPR
significantly
less
sustained
group
(P
<
0.001).
red
not
different
between
groups
>
0.05).
PAP
lower
There
no
significant
difference
or
for
both
ROC
analysis
showed
excellent
diagnostic
(area
under
curve
0.9).
Conclusions:
This
is
initial
report
melanopsin-controlled
dysfunctional
AMD.
noninvasive,
objective
measurement
of
ipRGC
controlled
has
