Myopia: Histology, clinical features, and potential implications for the etiology of axial elongation

Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 96, P. 101156 - 101156

Published: Dec. 28, 2022

Language: Английский

---

Macular outer nuclear layer, ellipsoid zone and outer photoreceptor segment band thickness, axial length and other determinants

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: April 3, 2023

The study aims to assess the thickness of retinal outer nuclear layer (ONL), ellipsoid zone (EZ) and photoreceptor segment (POS) band in various macular regions its associations with axial length other parameters. Participants Beijing Eye Study 2011 underwent a series examinations including spectral-domain optical coherence tomography macula. current included 2213 participants without or optic nerve diseases (age: 61.7 ± 8.4 years; range 50-93 years); length: 23.15 0.95 mm; 18.96-29.15 mm). ONL (fovea: 98.9 8.8 µm), EZ 24.1 0.5 µm) POS 24.3 3.5 were thickest (P < 0.001) fovea (defined as thinnest central point), followed by temporal inner, nasal inferior superior outer, region. In multivariable analysis, thicker was associated (correlation coefficient r: 0.40) shorter (beta: - 0.14; P disc-fovea distance 0.10; = 0.001), after adjusting for younger age 0.26; male sex 0.24; lower serum cholesterol concentration 0.05; 0.04), subfoveal choroidal 0.08; 0.001). increased 0.06; 0.03), 0.34; 0.15; As conclusion, ONL, vary between different differ their correlations length, distance, age, sex, thickness. decrease longer may point an elongation-associated stretching

Language: Английский

---

Bruch’s Membrane: A Key Consideration with Complement-Based Therapies for Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(8), P. 2870 - 2870

Published: April 14, 2023

The complement system is crucial for immune surveillance, providing the body's first line of defence against pathogens. However, an imbalance in its regulators can lead to inappropriate overactivation, resulting diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause irreversible blindness globally affecting around 200 million people. Complement activation AMD believed begin choriocapillaris, but it also plays critical role subretinal and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) spaces. Bruch's membrane (BrM) acts barrier between retina/RPE choroid, hindering protein diffusion. This impediment increases with age AMD, compartmentalisation activation. In this review, we comprehensively examine structure function BrM, including changes visible through vivo imaging, consequences dysfunction on pathogenesis. We explore potential limitations various delivery routes (systemic, intravitreal, subretinal, suprachoroidal) safe effective conventional gene therapy-based inhibitors treat AMD. Further research needed understand diffusion proteins across BrM optimise therapeutic retina.

Language: Английский

---

Probing Deposit-Driven Age-Related Macular Degeneration Via Thicknesses of Outer Retinal Bands and Choroid: ALSTAR2 Baseline

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 65(5), P. 17 - 17

Published: May 8, 2024

We aimed to identify structural differences in normal eyes, early age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and intermediate AMD eyes using optical coherence tomography (OCT) a well-characterized, large cross-sectional cohort.

Language: Английский

---

Extracting full information from OCT scans—signs of early age‐related macular degeneration within inner retinal layers by local neighbourhood statistics. Part I: Methodology

Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 45(1), P. 231 - 246

Published: Nov. 23, 2024

Abstract Background and Objectives Associations between the occurrence of early age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) alterations in retinal layer thicknesses have been reported based on classical processing optical coherence tomography (OCT) data by noise removal subsequent image segmentation. However, speckle within OCT itself bears a substantial part total information. For this reason, an omics‐type approach was designed for full exploitation data, which able to identify signs AMD throughout retina as whole. Methods A nested case–control study with 200 cases healthy controls. every participant, randomly selected scan column therein, manual grading performed 26 feature positions. At each position, 3792 descriptors were computed, nonlinear transformations first‐order neighbourhood statistics Haralick features. Equivalence differences controls tested descriptor at graded position. Results multiple testing expressed terms false true discovery rates controlled Benjamini–Yekutieli procedure. In amount disparity discoveries, overall non‐equivalence groups found. Strong difference signals observed internal limiting membrane two central positions, particularly emphasising noise. Conclusions Between retinae patients, significant level local data. Thus, independent evidence obtained affecting not only outer layers but also whole, even stages disease. Within both cartoons bear essential parts constructive, completely documented, traceable repeatable pursued without invoking artificial intelligence methods.

Language: Английский

---

Extracting full information from OCT scans—signs of early age‐related macular degeneration within inner retinal layers by local neighbourhood statistics. Part II: Results

Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 45(1), P. 247 - 268

Published: Nov. 23, 2024

Associations between the occurrence of early age related macular degeneration (AMD) and alterations in retinal layer thicknesses have been reported, based on classical processing optical coherence tomography (OCT) data by noise removal subsequent image segmentation. However, speckle within OCT itself bears a substantial part total information. For this reason, we designed an omics-type approach for full exploitation data, which was able to identify signs AMD throughout retina as whole.

Language: Английский

---

Spatial Analysis Reveals Vascular Changes in Retinal and Choroidal Vessel Perfusion in Intermediate AMD With Reticular Pseudodrusen

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 65(2), P. 33 - 33

Published: Feb. 22, 2024

Purpose: To examine the effect of reticular pseudodrusen (RPD) on retinal and choroidal vessel perfusion (VP) topography in intermediate age-related macular degeneration (iAMD) using refined spatial analyses. Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study 120 individuals with 30 iAMDRPD, 60 iAMDno_RPD, normal eyes, propensity-score matched by age, sex, presence cardiovascular-related disease. VP superficial deep choriocapillaris vascular slabs assessed from 6 × 6-mm optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) scans divided into 126 grids, adjustment for various person- eye-level factors. Grid-wise differences (%) among groups were spatially according to analyses based Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS), eccentricity (µm), degree (°). Results: significantly decreased between iAMDRPD across all ETDRS sectors (up −2.16%; 95% confidence interval, −2.99 −1.34; P < 0.05). Eccentricity revealed more complex patterns: bisegmented relationship where eyes linearly toward 1000 µm then returned similar values as plateauing around 2000 3000 retina (R2 = 0.57–0.9; 0.001). Degree-based analysis further showed that greatest commonly located superiorly nasally (P Conclusions: RPD appears compound impact iAMD, displaying patterns beyond sectors. highlights importance considering delineations future work regarding role dysfunction.

Language: Английский

---

Spatial Cluster Patterns of Retinal Sensitivity Loss in Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration Features

Translational Vision Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(9), P. 6 - 6

Published: Sept. 7, 2023

Purpose: To examine spatial patterns of retinal sensitivity loss in the three key features intermediate age-related macular degeneration (iAMD). Methods: One-hundred individuals (53 iAMD, 47 normal) underwent 10-2 mesopic microperimetry testing one eye. Pointwise sensitivities (dB) were corrected for age, sex, iAMD status, and co-presence co-localized features: drusen load, pigmentary abnormalities, reticular pseudodrusen (RPD). Clusters (labeled by ranks magnitude C−2, C−1, C0) derived from pointwise then assessed quadrants eccentricity/rings. Results: Two clusters decreased evident versus normal: −1.67 dB (95% CI (confidence intervals), −2.36 to −0.98; P < 0.0001); −0.93 CI, −1.5 −0.36; 0.01). One cluster was independently associated each with increased load (13.57 µm increase per −1 dB; 0.0001), abnormalities (C−1: −2.23 95% −3.36 −1.1; 0.01), RPD −1.07 −2 −0.14; Sensitivity biased toward superior central macula (P = 0.16 <0.0001), aligning structural distributions features. However, also extended peripheral 0.0001) paracentral sparing, which discordant distribution drusen. Conclusions: Drusen are commonly demonstrating bias. Results highlighted that a clinical focus on these using measures alone does not capture complex, extent vision-related functional impairment iAMD. Translational Relevance: Defining can facilitate targeted visual field protocol assessment.

Language: Английский

---

Changes in Neurodegeneration and Visual Prognosis in Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion after Resolution of Macular Edema

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 812 - 812

Published: Jan. 31, 2024

This study aimed to examine the thicknesses of ganglion cell layer (GCL) and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber (RNFL) in eyes with resolved macular edema (ME) branch vein occlusion (BRVO) determine their relationship visual acuity (VA). retrospective observational case–control included 57 BRVO patients ME after treatment. The GCL thickness, RNFL central thickness (CMT) measured on swept-source optical coherence tomography scans contralateral used as controls were evaluated. mean CMT was 270.48 ± 32.7 μm; 105.46 25.94 μm eyes. Although average decreased compared unaffected eyes, there no significant difference between groups. However, temporal nasal significantly different affected quadrant had a thinner corresponding opposite (p = 0.02). Final VA correlated middle area (r −0.512, p 0.003 r −0.537, 0.001, respectively); correlation found CMT. reduced area. Inner damage occurring secondary may be related prognosis.

Language: Английский

---

Reticular Pseudodrusen Are Associated With More Advanced Para-Central Photoreceptor Degeneration in Intermediate Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 63(11), P. 12 - 12

Published: Oct. 17, 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine retinal topographical differences between intermediate age-related macular degeneration (iAMD) with reticular pseudodrusen (RPD) versus iAMD without RPD, using high-density optical coherence tomography (OCT) cluster analysis. Methods: Single eyes from 153 individuals (51 iAMD+RPD, 51 iAMD, and healthy) were propensity-score matched by age, sex, refraction. High-density OCT grid-wise (60 × 60 grids, each approximately 0.01 mm2 area) thicknesses custom-extracted cube scans, then compared iAMD+RPD correction for confounding factors. These "differences (µm)" clustered results de-convoluted reveal mean difference (95% confidence interval [CI]) topography the inner retina (retinal nerve fiber, ganglion cell, plexiform, nuclear layers) outer (outer plexiform/Henle's fiber/outer layers, segments, pigment epithelium-to-Bruch's membrane [RPE-BM]). Differences also converted Z-scores normal data. Results: In eyes, thicker (up +5.89 [95% CI = +2.44 +9.35] µm, P < 0.0001 0.05), para-central thinner −3.21 −5.39 −1.03] 0.001), RPE-BM (+3.38 +1.05 +5.71] 0.05). majority effect sizes (Z-scores) large (−3.13 +1.91). Conclusions: differed across all layers RPD. Greater photoreceptor thinning in RPD suggestive more advanced degeneration, whereas significance thickening unclear. future, quantitative evaluation may help clinicians monitor potential deleterious effects on integrity.

Language: Английский

---