Review: N1-methyl-pseudouridine (m1Ψ): Friend or foe of cancer?

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 267, P. 131427 - 131427

Published: April 5, 2024

Language: Английский

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Deciphering Fc-effector functions against SARS-CoV-2

Trends in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 32(8), P. 756 - 768

Published: Feb. 15, 2024

Language: Английский

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Randomised controlled trial reveals no benefit to a 3-month delay in COVID-19 mRNA booster vaccine

Journal of Clinical Investigation, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 134(17)

Published: July 11, 2024

BACKGROUNDThere is uncertainty about the timing of booster vaccination against COVID-19 in highly vaccinated populations during present endemic phase COVID-19. Studies focused on primary have previously suggested improved immunity with a longer interval between first and second vaccine doses.METHODSWe conducted randomized, controlled trial (November 2022-August 2023) assigned 52 fully adults to an immediate or 3-month delayed bivalent Spikevax mRNA vaccine. Follow-up visits were completed for 48 participants (n = 24 per arm), collection saliva plasma samples following each visit.RESULTSThe rise neutralizing antibody responses ancestral Omicron strains almost identical arms. Analyses salivary (IgG, IgA), antibody-dependent phagocytic activity, decay kinetics similar 2 Symptomatic asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections occurred 49% (21 49) over median 11.5 months follow-up also arms.CONCLUSIONSOur data suggest that there was no benefit delaying preimmune COVID-19.TRIAL REGISTRATIONAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry number 12622000411741 (https://anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?ACTRN=12622000411741).FUNDINGNational Health Medical Research Council, Australia (program grant App1149990) Future Fund (App2005544).

Language: Английский

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Repeated COVID-19 mRNA vaccination results in IgG4 class switching and decreased NK cell activation by S1-specific antibodies in older adults

Immunity & Ageing, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: Sept. 13, 2024

Previous research has shown that repeated COVID-19 mRNA vaccination leads to a marked increase of SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific serum antibodies the IgG4 subclass, indicating far-reaching immunoglobulin class switching after booster immunization. Considering been recommended especially for older adults, aim this study was investigate IgG subclass responses in ageing population and assess their relation with Fc-mediated antibody effector functionality.

Language: Английский

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Increased SARS-CoV-2 IgG4 has variable consequences dependent upon Fc function, Fc receptor polymorphism, and viral variant

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(9)

Published: Feb. 26, 2025

Repeated mRNA COVID-19 vaccination increases spike-specific immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) titers. Here, we characterized the influence of increased IgG4 titers on a range Fc-mediated responses. Elevated reduced binding to FcγRIIIa and decreased antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. However, in individuals with lower total IgG, acted synergy other IgG subclasses improve FcγRI FcγRIIa consequently phagocytosis. Furthermore, this trend was more pronounced recent SARS-CoV-2 variants where induced comparably These observations were further confirmed by silico modeling antibody subclass concentrations FcγR polymorphisms modulated. Collectively, illustrate that impact elevated upon Fc functions is dependent multiple interconnected antigen factors, which should be taken into consideration when dissecting mechanisms driving an effective response following vaccination.

Language: Английский

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Does SARS-CoV-2 Possess “Allergen-Like” Epitopes?

COVID, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 5(4), P. 55 - 55

Published: April 16, 2025

An increase in immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) levels is typically associated with immunological tolerance states and develops after prolonged exposure to antigens. Accordingly, IgG4 considered an anti-inflammatory antibody a limited ability trigger efficient immune responses. Additionally, reduces allergic reactions by blocking E (IgE) activity. In the case of COVID-19, it has been reported that repeated administration some vaccines induces high levels. The latest research data have revealed surprising IgE anti-receptor binding domain response both natural infection several SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. presence COVID-19 disease suggests virus may induce “allergic-like” evade surveillance, leading shift from T helper 1 (Th1) 2 (Th2) cells, which promotes potentially contributes chronic infection. spike protein could also such response. Interestingly, “allergen-like” epitopes responses for other viruses, as influenza, human immunodeficiency (HIV), respiratory syncytial (RSV). impact this viral-induced will be discussed, concerning long COVID protective efficacy

Language: Английский

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Current German Recommendations and International Research on the Use of COVID-19 Boosters among Health Care Providers in 2024: A Narrative Review

Medicina, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 60(3), P. 385 - 385

Published: Feb. 25, 2024

While the World Health Organization (WHO) has de-escalated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from a global health emergency, ongoing discussions persist as new viral variants. This article aimed to consolidate German recommendations and international research offer care providers (HCPs) comprehensive guide on COVID-19 boosters in 2024. The review outlines key Robert Koch Institute. HCPs should receive at least 12 months after their last vaccination or infection, contingent prevalent variant(s) region. However, excessive doses and/or frequent boosters, especially with mRNA vaccines, may lead immune imprinting, T-cell exhaustion, immunoglobulin (Ig) switching. Notably, this highlights significance of Ig, particularly IgA IgG subclasses, influencing infection risk progression. Furthermore, it explores implications vaccine technology potential adverse effects related dosing. In conclusion, provides analysis for HCPs, synthesising current recommendations, scientific debates, considerations optimising protection against SARS-CoV-2 evolving landscape post-pandemic era.

Language: Английский

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Immunoglobulin G genetic variation can confound assessment of antibody levels via altered binding to detection reagents

Clinical & Translational Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(3)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract Objectives Amino acid variations across more than 30 immunoglobulin (Ig) allotypes may introduce structural changes that influence recognition by anti‐Ig detection reagents, consequently confounding interpretation of antibody responses, particularly in genetically diverse cohorts. Here, we assessed a panel commercial monoclonal anti‐IgG1 clones for capacity to universally recognise two dominant IgG1 haplotypes (G1m‐1,3 and G1m1,17). Methods Four anti‐human were via ELISAs multiplex bead‐based assays their ability bind G1m‐1,3 G1m1,17 variants. Detection antibodies validated against allotype standards tested antigen‐specific plasma from homozygous heterozygous SARS‐CoV‐2 BNT162b2 vaccinated ( n = 28) COVID‐19 convalescent 44) individuals. An Fc‐specific pan ‐IgG corroborated differences between hinge‐ responses. Results Hinge‐specific clone 4E3 preferentially bound compared IgG1. Consequently, Spike‐specific levels detected G1m1,17/G1m1,17 vaccinees appeared 9‐ 17‐fold higher G1m‐1,3/G1m‐1,3 vaccinees. equivalently variants, comparable haplotypes. responses other human coronaviruses influenza similarly poorly subjects. Conclusion Anti‐IgG1 confounds assessment clinical cohorts owing bias towards Validation should include evaluation binding relevant as the role immunogenetics upon humoral immunity is increasingly explored populations.

Language: Английский

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Exploring the possible link between the spike protein immunoglobulin G4 antibodies and cancer progression

Exploration of Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 267 - 284

Published: April 25, 2024

Repeated inoculation with messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines elicits immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) antibody production. Such an increase in the concentration of specific and non-specific IgG4 antibodies allows growth some types cancer by blocking activation effector immune cells. This work proposes hypothesis that may be indirectly promoted increased concentrations following mechanisms: 1) can bind to anti-tumor IgG1 block their interaction receptors located on cells, thus preventing destruction 2) interact fragment crystallizable gamma receptor IIb (FcγRIIB) inhibitory receptors, reducing functions innate 3) targeting epitopes could oncogenic inducing production a microenvironment promote development. article reviews supporting literature suggests several experimental protocols evaluate this context repeated mRNA vaccines. Additionally, management options aimed at unfavorable molecular consequences mediate development when encountering high antibodies.

Language: Английский

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Viral infection and antiviral immunity in the oral cavity

Nature reviews. Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 12, 2024

Language: Английский

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