Neural circuits of social behaviors: Innate yet flexible

Neuron, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 109(10), P. 1600 - 1620

Published: March 11, 2021

Language: Английский

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The Paraventricular Nucleus of the Thalamus as an Integrating and Relay Node in the Brain Anxiety Network

Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Feb. 24, 2021

The brain anxiety network is composed of a number interconnected cortical regions that detect threats and execute appropriate defensive responses via projections to the shell nucleus accumbens (NAcSh), dorsolateral region bed stria terminalis (BSTDL) lateral central amygdala (CeL). paraventricular thalamus (PVT) anatomically positioned integrate threat- arousal-related signals from cortex hypothalamus then relay these neural circuits in NAcSh, BSTDL, CeL mediate responses. This review describes anatomical connections PVT support view may be critical node network. Experimental findings are reviewed showing arousal peptides orexins (hypocretins) act at promote avoidance potential especially following exposure rats single episode footshocks. Recent experimental discussed which show neurons provide divergent subcortical behaviors projection NAcSh for enhanced social displayed exposed A theoretical model proposed how integrates hypothalamic modulate behavioral associated with other challenging situations.

Language: Английский

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FGF21 suppresses alcohol consumption through an amygdalo-striatal circuit

Cell Metabolism, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 34(2), P. 317 - 328.e6

Published: Feb. 1, 2022

Language: Английский

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Neural circuits regulating prosocial behaviors

Neuropsychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 48(1), P. 79 - 89

Published: June 14, 2022

Language: Английский

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Children and adolescents with ASD treated with CBD-rich cannabis exhibit significant improvements particularly in social symptoms: an open label study

Translational Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Sept. 9, 2022

In recent years there has been growing interest in the potential benefits of CBD-rich cannabis treatment for children with ASD. Several open label studies and one double-blind placebo-controlled study have reported that is safe potentially effective reducing disruptive behaviors improving social communication. However, previous mostly based their conclusions on parental reports without use standardized clinical assessments. Here, we conducted an to examine efficacy 6 months adolescents Longitudinal changes communication abilities restricted repetitive (RRB) were quantified using parent report Social Responsiveness Scale assessment Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS). We also adaptive Vineland, cognitive age-appropriate Wechsler test. Eighty-two 110 recruited participants completed 6-month protocol. While some did not exhibit any improvement symptoms, overall significant improvements as by ADOS, SRS, Vineland larger who had more severe initial symptoms. Significant RRB noted only parent-reported SRS scores no scores. These findings suggest can yield improvements, particularly abilities, which visible even when Additional utilizing assessments are highly warranted substantiating these findings.

Language: Английский

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Endocannabinoids facilitate transitory reward engagement through retrograde gain control

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Neuromodulatory signaling is poised to serve as a neural mechanism for gain control, acting crucial tuning factor influence neuronal activity by dynamically shaping excitatory and inhibitory fast neurotransmission. The endocannabinoid (eCB) system, the most widely expressed neuromodulatory system in mammalian brain, known filter inputs through retrograde, pre-synaptic action. However, whether eCBs exert retrograde control ultimately facilitate reward-seeking behaviors freely moving mammals not established. Using suite of vivo physiological, imaging, genetic machine learning-based approaches, we report fundamental role controlling behavioral engagement behavior defined thalamo-striatal circuit.

Language: Английский

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Nanoemulsions with cannabidiol reduced autistic-like behaviors and reversed decreased hippocampus viable cells and cerebral cortex neuronal death in a prenatal valproic acid rat model

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 97(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Abstract The highly lipophilic nature and low aqueous solubility of cannabidiol (CBD) limit its oral bioavailability, resulting in poor intestinal absorption. To overcome these limitations, we proposed the production a nanoemulsion with CBD to be included therapeutic treatment autism spectrum disorder. current study aimed evaluate effect CBD-rich corn oil male rats born females exposed valproic acid (VPA) during pregnancy on autistic-like behaviors hippocampal histology. Offspring were treated orally twice daily nanoemulsions at different doses (1 2 mg/animal). endpoints evaluated anxiety, grooming time, exploratory activity, sociability, social preference index, cerebral cortex All formulations characterized as showed reduced vesicle size (107.6 - 72.6 nm), PDI (0.290-0.432), negative zeta potential (-40.6 mv), good stability. Prenatal exposure VPA increased anxiety index animals. Furthermore, VPA-exposed animals exhibited elevated neuronal death reduction viable cells hippocampus. In conclusion, reversed behaviors, potentially by protecting against death.

Language: Английский

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FMR1 and Autism, an Intriguing Connection Revisited

Genes, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(8), P. 1218 - 1218

Published: Aug. 6, 2021

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) represents a distinct phenotype of behavioral dysfunction that includes deficiencies in communication and stereotypic behaviors. ASD affects about 2% the US population. It is highly heritable spectrum conditions with substantial genetic heterogeneity. To date, mutations over 100 genes have been reported association phenotypes. Fragile X syndrome (FXS) most common single-gene disorder associated ASD. The gene FXS, FMR1 located on chromosome X. Accordingly, condition has more severe manifestations males. FXS results from loss function due to expansion an unstable CGG repeat 5'' untranslated region gene. About 50% males 20% females meet Diagnostic Statistical Manual 5 (DSM-5) criteria for Among individuals ASD, 3% test positive FXS. FMRP, protein product FMR1, major regulator central nervous system. Multiple pathways regulated by FMRP are found be dysfunctional patients who do not Thus, presents opportunity study cellular phenomena may wider applications management develop new strategies therapy.

Language: Английский

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Cannabidiol for the treatment of autism spectrum disorder: hope or hype?

Psychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 239(9), P. 2713 - 2734

Published: July 29, 2022

Language: Английский

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BNST PKCδ neurons are activated by specific aversive conditions to promote anxiety-like behavior

Neuropsychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 48(7), P. 1031 - 1041

Published: March 20, 2023

Language: Английский

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