The skin as a critical window in unveiling the pathophysiologic principles of COVID-19

Clinics in Dermatology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 39(6), P. 934 - 965

Published: July 22, 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiologic agent of disease 2019 (COVID-19), is a single-stranded RNA virus whose sequence known. COVID-19 associated with heterogeneous clinical phenotype ranging from asymptomatic to fatal disease. It appears that access nasopharyngeal epithelia expressing angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 2, receptor for SARS-CoV-2, followed by viral replication in pulmonary alveolar septal capillary bed. We have demonstrated earlier studies incomplete particles, termed pseudovirions, dock deep subcutaneous and other vascular beds, potentially contributing prothrombotic state systemic complement activation characterizes severe critical COVID-19. A variety skin eruptions been described setting SARS-CoV-2 infection more recently, after vaccination. The vaccines deliver laboratory-synthesized mRNA encodes protein identical spike glycoprotein allowing production immunogenic will then elicit T cell B adaptive immune responses. In this contribution, we review an array cutaneous manifestations provide opportunity study pathophysiologic mechanisms underlie all facets COVID-19, asymptomatic/mild classify according underlying principles. regard propose three main pathways: (1) mediated thrombotic injury syndromes deploying alternative mannan binding lectin pathways resulting elaboration cytokines like interleukin 6 endothelium (2) robust type I interferon-driven inflammatory (3) humoral-driven complex vasculitic reactions observed mild moderate Presented are novel data on vaccine manifest morphologic parallel similar patients some cases represent eczematoid hypersensitivity putative vaccine-based antigen versus unmasking subclinical due enhancing effects vaccine. Finally, demonstrate first time localization human synthesized vasculature confirming ability bind absence intact virus.

Language: Английский

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Cross-validation of SARS-CoV-2 responses in kidney organoids and clinical populations

JCI Insight, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 6(24)

Published: Nov. 12, 2021

Kidneys are critical target organs of COVID-19, but susceptibility and responses to infection remain poorly understood. Here, we combine SARS-CoV-2 variants with genome-edited kidney organoids clinical data investigate tropism, mechanism, therapeutics. specifically infects organoid proximal tubules among diverse cell types. Infections produce replicating virus, apoptosis, disrupted morphology, features which revealed in the context polycystic disease. Cross-validation gene expression patterns reflects proteomic signatures COVID-19 urine critically ill patients indicating interferon pathway upregulation. viral alpha, beta, gamma, kappa, delta exhibit comparable levels organoids. Infection is ameliorated ACE2–/– blocked via treatment de novo–designed spike binder peptides. Collectively, these studies clarify impact as reflected populations, enabling assessment fitness emerging therapies.

Language: Английский

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Intestinal Damage in COVID-19: SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Intestinal Thrombosis

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: March 22, 2022

The intestinal tract, with high expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), is a major site extrapulmonary infection in COVID-19. During pulmonary infection, the virus enters bloodstream forming viremia, which infects and damages organs. Uncontrolled viral induces cytokine storm promotes hypercoagulable state, leading to systemic microthrombi. Both microthrombi can damage gut–blood barrier, resulting malabsorption, malnutrition, flora entering blood, ultimately increasing disease severity mortality. Early prophylactic antithrombotic therapy prevent these damages, thereby reducing In this review, we discuss effects SARS-CoV-2 thrombosis on injury severity, as well corresponding treatment strategies.

Language: Английский

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Vertical Transmission and Neonatal Outcomes Following Maternal SARS-CoV-2 Infection During Pregnancy

Clinical Obstetrics & Gynecology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 65(1), P. 195 - 202

Published: Jan. 19, 2022

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected over 200 million people worldwide and likely exposed millions of neonates to SARS-CoV-2 in utero. A large body literature examined the possibility vertical transmission from pregnant women with their neonates. In this chapter, we review mechanisms of—and evidence for—vertical SARS-CoV-2, including transplacental, through other biospecimens breastfeeding, discuss neonatal outcomes following utero exposure. Based on available literature, conclude is rare, generally show favorable health outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Plasma proteomics show altered inflammatory and mitochondrial proteins in patients with neurologic symptoms of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection

Brain Behavior and Immunity, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 114, P. 462 - 474

Published: Sept. 11, 2023

Language: Английский

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