[Review] Understanding the Measles Virus at 70 Years: From Cellular Mechanisms to Immunisation, 1954-2024 DOI
Brent Brown, Ingo Fricke, Chinua Imarogbe

et al.

Published: July 16, 2024

Measles virus (_Morbillivirus_ abbreviated as MV, but more recently MeV) is the causal agent of disease, thought to have existed at least 4000 years ago, affecting predominantly infants, also immunocompromised individuals and others remaining a public health issue today globally. In this review, we are discussing historical background about MeV infection modern–day research, then delving into disease what known immunisation against disease. We elucidate viral structure function proteins. The genomic stability particle suggestive that third pathogen with potential be eradicated (after Variola Rinderpest viruses) requires further biological immunological clarification. Here therefore covers bow from mechanism clinical aspects touching topics like cellular receptor–associated factors immunology infection. highlight actual knowledge innate immune response during infection, including chemokine cytokine expression finalised by current understanding adaptive responses MeV.

Language: Английский

Trained immunity in chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer DOI
George Hajishengallis, Mihai G. Netea, Triantafyllos Chavakis

et al.

Nature reviews. Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 31, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Single-cell immune aging clocks reveal inter-individual heterogeneity during infection and vaccination DOI Creative Commons
Wenchao Li, Zhenhua Zhang, Saumya Kumar

et al.

Nature Aging, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 5, 2025

Aging affects human immune system functionality, increasing susceptibility to immune-mediated diseases. While gene expression programs accurately reflect function, their relationship with biological aging and health status remains unclear. Here we developed robust, cell-type-specific clocks (sc-ImmuAging) for the myeloid lymphoid cell populations in circulation within peripheral blood mononuclear cells, using single-cell RNA-sequencing data from 1,081 healthy individuals aged 18 97 years. Application of sc-ImmuAging transcriptome patients COVID-19 revealed notable age acceleration monocytes, which decreased during recovery. Furthermore, inter-individual variations induced by vaccination were identified, exhibiting elevated baseline interferon response genes showing rejuvenation CD8+ T cells after BCG vaccination. provides a powerful tool decoding dynamics, offering insights into age-related alterations potential interventions promote aging.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Training vs. Tolerance: The Yin/Yang of the Innate Immune System DOI Creative Commons
Trim Lajqi, Natascha Köstlin‐Gille, Reinhard Bauer

et al.

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(3), P. 766 - 766

Published: March 2, 2023

For almost nearly a century, memory functions have been attributed only to acquired immune cells. Lately, this paradigm has challenged by an increasing number of studies revealing that innate cells are capable exhibiting memory-like features resulting in increased responsiveness subsequent challenges, process known as trained immunity (known also memory). In contrast, the refractory state endotoxin tolerance defined immunosuppressive myeloid portrayed significant reduction inflammatory capacity. Both training well adaptive reported be accompanied epigenetic and metabolic alterations occurring While conveys proper protection against secondary infections, induction promotes repairing mechanisms Consequently, inappropriate these cues may trigger maladaptive effects, promoting susceptibility infections—tolerance, or contribute progression disorder—trained immunity. This review aims at discussion opposing manners non-immune cells, describing molecular, involved interpreting clinical implications various pathologies.

Language: Английский

Citations

20
Evidence of innate training in bovine γδ T cells following subcutaneous BCG administration DOI Creative Commons

Beulah Esther Rani Samuel,

Fabián E. Díaz, Teresia Maina

et al.

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: July 18, 2024

The Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) vaccine has been shown to induce non-specific protection against diseases other than tuberculosis in vaccinated individuals, attributed the induction of trained immunity. We have previously demonstrated that BCG administration induces innate immune training mixed peripheral blood mononuclear cells and monocytes calves. Gamma Delta (γδ) T are non-conventional exhibit adaptive system features. They higher proportion cattle humans or rodents play an essential role bovine response pathogens. In current study, we determined if induced γδ cells. A group 16 pre-weaned Holstein calves (2-4 d age) were enrolled study randomly assigned control groups (n=8/group). received two doses 10 6 colony forming units (CFU) Danish strain subcutaneously, separated by 2 weeks. remained unvaccinated. delta purified from using magnetic cell sorting three weeks after receiving 1 st dose. observed functional changes BCG-treated increased IL-6 TNF-α cytokine production vitro stimulation with Escherichia coli LPS PAM3CSK4. ATAC-Seq analysis 78,278 regions open chromatin (peaks) revealed had altered epigenetic status compared Differentially accessible peaks (DAP) found near promoters immunity-related genes like Siglec14 , Irf4 Ifna2 Lrrfip1 Tnfrsf10d 4-fold more MOTIF enrichment sequences within DAPs, which explores transcription factor binding motifs (TFBM) upstream regulatory elements, TFBM for Eomes IRF-5 among most enriched factors. GO proximal DAPs showed pathways such as regulation IL-2 production, T-cell receptor signaling pathway, pathways. conclusion, our shows subcutaneous can memory form immunity This is associated accessibility response-related genes, thereby inducing a evidenced production.

Language: Английский

Citations

4
A Risk Management Approach to Global Pandemics of Infectious Disease and Anti-Microbial Resistance DOI Creative Commons
Annie Sparrow,

Meghan Smith-Torino,

Samuel M. Shamamba

et al.

Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(11), P. 280 - 280

Published: Nov. 18, 2024

Pandemics of infectious disease and growing anti-microbial resistance (AMR) pose major threats to global health, trade, security. Conflict climate change compound accelerate these threats. The One Health approach recognizes the interconnectedness human, animal, environmental but is grounded in biomedical model, which reduces health absence disease. Biomedical responses are insufficient meet challenges. COVID-19 pandemic most recent example failure this model address threats, limitations laboratory-based surveillance, exclusive focus on vaccination for control. This paper examines current paradigm through lens polio campaign eradicate it, as well other including mpox drug-resistant tuberculosis, particularly context armed conflict. Decades before vaccines became widely available, public measures-ventilation, chlorination, nutrition sanitation- led longer, healthier, even taller lives. Chlorine, our primary tool conquered cholera transformed infection control hospitals. World Organization (WHO), part alliance, focuses mainly antibiotics reduce deaths due superbugs largely ignores critical role chlorine water-borne diseases (including polio) infections. Moreover, Contemporary wars characterized by indiscriminate bombing civilians, attacks targeting healthcare, mass displacement lack humanitarian access, conditions drive outbreaks incubate superbugs. We discuss trend healthcare differentiate between types: community-driven vaccinators regions like Pakistan, state-sponsored governments such those Syria Russia that weaponize deliberately harm whole populations. Both fuel These distinct motivations necessitate tailored responses, yet WHO aggregates a manner hampers effective intervention. While antimicrobial predictable, escalating consequence reliance commitment now borders pathological. Our analysis reveals international indenture basis root driver AMR vaccine-derived polio. unique power reduced vaccination-only strategy, fact breeds non-specific effects must be leveraged, universal supplement investment water chlorination will costs strengthen an important weapon combat pandemics AMR,, they accompanied entire arsenal interventions.

Language: Английский

Citations

3
Protection acquired upon intraperitoneal group a Streptococcus immunization is independent of concurrent adaptive immune responses but relies on macrophages and IFN-γ DOI Creative Commons

Shiva Emami,

Elsa Westerlund, Thiago Rojas Converso

et al.

Virulence, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Feb. 8, 2025

Group A Streptococcus (GAS; pyogenes) is an important bacterial pathogen causing over 700 million superficial infections and around 500.000 deaths due to invasive disease or severe post-infection sequelae yearly. In spite of this major impact on society, there currently no vaccine available against bacterium. GAS strains can be separated into >250 distinct emm (M)-types, protective immunity believed in part dependent type-specific antibodies. Here, we analyse the nature generated a model intraperitoneal immunization mice. We demonstrate that multiple immunizations are required for ability survive subsequent lethal challenge, although significant levels GAS-specific antibodies produced, these redundant protection. Instead, our data show immunization-dependent protection induced absence B T cells accompanied by induction altered acute cytokine profile upon infection, noticeable e.g. classical pro-inflammatory cytokines increased IFN-γ production. Further, immunized mice infection macrophages macrophage-activating IFN-γ. To knowledge findings first suggest may have induce forms trained innate immunity. Taken together, current study proposes novel role immune system response potentially could leveraged future development effective vaccines.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Trained immunity-based mucosal immunotherapies for the prevention of respiratory infections DOI Creative Commons
Luna Minute, Karla Montalbán‐Hernández,

Laura Bravo-Robles

et al.

Trends in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 1, 2025

The devastating impact of respiratory infections demonstrates the critical need for novel prophylactic vaccines. In this opinion article, we advocate bacterial immunotherapies as a complementary tool in our fight against infections. These can activate wide spectrum immunological mechanisms, with trained immunity (TI) being particularly significant. This phenomenon has led to concept immunity-based vaccines (TIbVs), which represent approach vaccinology. We discuss examples TIbVs, including tuberculosis vaccine Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and polybacterial immunotherapy MV130. From viewpoint, illustrating mode action clinical evidence supports proposal that TIbVs should be considered next-generation confer protection range

Language: Английский

Citations

0
The antiviral potential of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells: Therapeutic implications for immunocompromised adult and pediatric hosts DOI

Veronica Bordoni,

Federica Guarracino,

Alessandro Lorusso

et al.

International review of cell and molecular biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Plant-made trained immunity-based vaccines: Beyond one approach DOI
Elizabeth Monreal‐Escalante, Miriam Angulo, Abel Ramos‐Vega

et al.

International Journal of Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 125572 - 125572

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
The role of γδ T cells in flavivirus infections: Insights into immune defense and therapeutic opportunities DOI Creative Commons
Peihao Yin, Meng Zhang,

Bridget Kim

et al.

PLoS neglected tropical diseases, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 19(4), P. e0012972 - e0012972

Published: April 17, 2025

γδ T cells are a unique subset of unconventional and an important component the innate immune system. Unlike conventional αβ cells, can respond rapidly during early stages infection, their antigen recognition is not restricted by MHC molecules. These distinctive features underscore role in viral clearance infection control. Therefore, cell-based immunotherapies have been extensively explored for treatment variety diseases, including infections cancers. Several therapeutic strategies based on advanced to clinical trials, demonstrating promising safety efficacy. Currently, there no effective treatments flavivirus infections, which typically characterized acute onset. Research has shown that expand phases effectively suppress replication, making them attractive target development novel therapies infections. This review aims highlight immunological roles explore potential prevention these

Language: Английский

Citations

0