Global drought trends and future projections

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 380(2238)

Published: Oct. 23, 2022

Drought is one of the most difficult natural hazards to quantify and divided into categories (meteorological, agricultural, ecological hydrological), which makes assessing recent changes future scenarios extremely difficult. This opinion piece includes a review scientific literature on topic analyses trends in meteorological droughts by using long-term precipitation records different drought metrics evaluate role global warming processes hydrological severity over last four decades, during sharp increase atmospheric evaporative demand (AED) has been recorded. Meteorological do not show any substantial at scale least 120 years, but an agricultural seems emerge as consequence AED. Lastly, this study evaluates projections from earth system models focuses important aspects that need be considered when evaluating changing climate, such use uncertainty modelling approaches. article part Royal Society Science+ meeting issue ‘Drought risk Anthropocene’.

Language: Английский

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Biostimulants for the Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species Metabolism in Plants under Abiotic Stress

Cells, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(10), P. 2537 - 2537

Published: Sept. 25, 2021

Global food security for a growing population with finite resources is often challenged by multiple, simultaneously occurring on-farm abiotic stresses (i.e., drought, salinity, low and high temperature, waterlogging, metal toxicity, etc.) due to climatic uncertainties variability. Breeding multiple stress tolerance long-term solution, though developing multiple-stress-tolerant crop varieties still challenge. Generation of reactive oxygen species in plant cells common response under diverse which play dual role signaling molecules or damaging agents depending on concentration. Thus, delicate balance generation may improve health, depends the natural antioxidant defense system plants. Biostimulants represent promising type environment-friendly formulation based products that are frequently used exogenously enhance tolerance. In this review, we illustrate potential biostimulants activity major plants conditions their other roles management stresses. have overcome oxidative stress, wider applicability tightly regulated dose, growth stage, variety biostimulants. However, these limitations can be understanding biostimulants’ interaction ROS

Language: Английский

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Increased occurrence of high impact compound events under climate change

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 5(1)

Published: Jan. 12, 2022

Abstract While compound weather and climate events (CEs) can lead to significant socioeconomic consequences, their response change is mostly unexplored. We report the first multi-model assessment of future changes in return periods for co-occurrence heatwaves drought, extreme winds precipitation based on Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) three emission scenarios. Extreme CEs occur more frequently many regions, particularly under higher emissions. Heatwaves drought everywhere all scenarios examined. For each CMIP6 model, we derive a skill score simulating CEs. Models with historical project smaller increases number Eurasia, but larger numbers strong heavy This result partly masked if whole ensemble used, pointing considerable value further improvements models.

Language: Английский

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Compound natural and human disasters: Managing drought and COVID-19 to sustain global agriculture and food sectors

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 754, P. 142210 - 142210

Published: Sept. 4, 2020

Language: Английский

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Is Silicon a Panacea for Alleviating Drought and Salt Stress in Crops?

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Aug. 18, 2020

Salinity affects around 20% of all arable land while an even larger area suffers from recurrent drought. Together these stresses suppress global crop production by as much 50% and their impacts are predicted to be exacerbated climate change. Infrastructure management practices can mitigate detrimental impacts, but costly. Crop breeding for improved tolerance has had some success is progressing slowly not keeping pace with In contrast, Silicon (Si) known improve plant a range could provide sustainable, rapid cost-effective mitigation method. The exact mechanisms still under debate it appears Si relieve salt stress via accumulation in the root apoplast where reduces 'bypass flow' ions shoot. Si-dependent drought relief been linked lowered hydraulic conductance reduction water loss through transpiration. However, many alternative may play role such altered gene expression increased compatible solutes. Oxidative damage that occurs conditions reduced anti-oxidative enzymes Si-improved photosynthesis also reported. fertiliser produced relatively cheaply assess its economic viability we present cost-benefit analysis. It suggests fertilisation beneficial agronomic settings beyond means smallholder farmers developing countries. application have disadvantages, soil pH, less efficient conversion crops into biofuel digestibility animal fodder. These issues hamper uptake routine practice. Here, critically evaluate recent literature, quantifying most significant physiological changes associated plants salinity stress. Analyses show metrics photosynthesis, balance oxidative when during exposure We further conclude explained apoplastic roles there yet little evidence support biochemical this element.

Language: Английский

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Elucidating the role of silicon in drought stress tolerance in plants

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 165, P. 187 - 195

Published: May 7, 2021

Language: Английский

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Next-Generation Breeding Strategies for Climate-Ready Crops

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: July 21, 2021

Climate change is a threat to global food security due the reduction of crop productivity around globe. Food matter concern for stakeholders and policymakers as population predicted bypass 10 billion in coming years. Crop improvement via modern breeding techniques along with efficient agronomic practices innovations microbiome applications, exploiting natural variations underutilized crops an excellent way forward fulfill future requirements. In this review, we describe next-generation tools that can be used increase production by developing climate-resilient superior genotypes cope challenges security. Recent genomic-assisted (GAB) strategies allow construction highly annotated pan-genomes give snapshot full landscape genetic diversity (GD) recapture lost gene repertoire species. Pan-genomes provide new platforms exploit these unique genes or variation optimizing programs. The advent clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/CRISPR-associated (CRISPR/Cas) systems, such prime editing, base de nova domestication, has institutionalized idea genome editing revamped improvement. Also, availability versatile Cas orthologs, including Cas9, Cas12, Cas13, Cas14, improved efficiency. Now, CRISPR/Cas systems have numerous applications research successfully edit major develop resistance against abiotic biotic stress. By adopting high-throughput phenotyping approaches big data analytics like artificial intelligence (AI) machine learning (ML), agriculture heading toward automation digitalization. integration speed genomic phenomic rapid identifications ultimately accelerate addition, multidisciplinary open exciting avenues climate-ready

Language: Английский

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Shaping the root system architecture in plants for adaptation to drought stress

Physiologia Plantarum, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 174(2)

Published: Feb. 17, 2022

Abstract Root system architecture plays an important role in plant adaptation to drought stress. The root (RSA) consists of several structural features, which includes number and length main lateral roots along with the density hairs. These features exhibit plasticity under water‐limited environments could be critical developing crops efficient systems for drought. Recent advances omics approaches have significantly improved our understanding regulatory mechanisms RSA remodeling identification genes other elements. Plant response stress at physiological, morphological, biochemical, molecular levels cells is regulated by various phytohormones their crosstalk. Stress‐induced reactive oxygen species play a significant regulating growth development Several transcription factors responsible regulation proven beneficial tolerant crops. Molecular breeding programs drought‐tolerant been greatly benefitted availability quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated regulation. In present review, we discussed QTLs, signaling components, factors, microRNAs crosstalk among shaping future research directions better understand involved We believe that information provided herein may helpful devising strategies develop uptake utilization water nutrients conditions.

Language: Английский

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Climate change exacerbates the environmental impacts of agriculture

Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 385(6713)

Published: Sept. 5, 2024

Agriculture's global environmental impacts are widely expected to continue expanding, driven by population and economic growth dietary changes. This Review highlights climate change as an additional amplifier of agriculture's impacts, reducing agricultural productivity, the efficacy agrochemicals, increasing soil erosion, accelerating expanding range crop diseases pests, land clearing. We identify multiple pathways through which intensifies greenhouse gas emissions, creating a potentially powerful change-reinforcing feedback loop. The challenges raised underscore urgent need transition sustainable, climate-resilient systems. requires investments that both accelerate adoption proven solutions provide benefits, discover scale new beneficial processes food products.

Language: Английский

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Silicon Nutrition in Plants under Water-Deficit Conditions: Overview and Prospects

Water, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. 739 - 739

Published: Feb. 13, 2023

Drought is one of the major constraints for sustainable crop production worldwide, especially in arid and semiarid regions. The global warming climate change scenario has worsened dilemma water scarcity, creating an immediate threat to food security. Conserving resources exploiting various strategies that enable plants withstand deficits need be urgently addressed. adversely affects plant growth by modulating a range physio-chemical, metabolic, molecular processes inside body, which ultimately reduces productivity. Besides developing drought-tolerant cultivars, better nutrient management could promising strategy enhance drought tolerance plants. Silicon, quasi-essential element, known play vital role improving performance under biotic abiotic stresses. This review discusses potential Si application attenuating adverse effects water-deficit stress. Silicon enhances seed germination, cell membrane stability, carbon assimilation, plant–water relations osmotic adjustment (by accumulating soluble sugars, proline glycine betaine). It triggers activity antioxidants, promotes biosynthesis phytohormones, acquisition regulates enzymes also induces anatomical changes wall through deposition polymerized amorphous silica (SiO2-nH2O), thereby stem leaf erectness reducing lodging. Further, Si-mediated physiological, biochemical mechanisms associated with future research prospects have been elucidated.

Language: Английский

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