Applied Sciences,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
15(7), P. 3869 - 3869
Published: April 1, 2025
The
residential
separate
collection
of
waste
is
the
first
stage
in
recyclability
for
sustainable
development.
paper
focuses
on
designing
and
implementing
a
low-cost
automatic
sorting
bin
(RBin)
recycling,
alleviating
user’s
classification
burden.
Next,
an
analysis
two
object
identification
models
was
conducted
to
sort
materials
into
categories
cardboard,
glass,
plastic,
metal.
A
major
challenge
distinguishing
between
glass
plastic
due
their
similar
visual
characteristics.
research
assesses
performance
Azure
Custom
Vision
Service
(ACVS)
model,
which
achieves
high
accuracy
training
data
but
underperforms
real-time
applications,
with
95.13%.
In
contrast,
second
Waste
Sorting
Model
(CWSM),
demonstrates
(96.25%)
during
proves
be
effective
applications.
CWSM
uses
two-tier
approach,
identifying
descriptively
using
Google
API
(GVAS)
followed
by
through
CWSM,
predicate-based
custom
model.
employs
LbfgsMaximumEntropyMulti
algorithm
dataset
1000
records
training,
divided
equally
across
categories.
This
study
proposes
innovative
evaluation
metric,
Weighted
Classification
Confidence
Score
(WCCS).
results
show
that
outperforms
ACVS
real-world
testing,
achieving
real
99.75%
after
applying
WCCS.
explores
importance
customized
over
pre-implemented
services
when
model
characteristics
not
pixel-by-pixel
examination.
Environmental Chemistry Letters,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
21(4), P. 1959 - 1989
Published: May 9, 2023
Abstract
The
rising
amount
of
waste
generated
worldwide
is
inducing
issues
pollution,
management,
and
recycling,
calling
for
new
strategies
to
improve
the
ecosystem,
such
as
use
artificial
intelligence.
Here,
we
review
application
intelligence
in
waste-to-energy,
smart
bins,
waste-sorting
robots,
generation
models,
monitoring
tracking,
plastic
pyrolysis,
distinguishing
fossil
modern
materials,
logistics,
disposal,
illegal
dumping,
resource
recovery,
cities,
process
efficiency,
cost
savings,
improving
public
health.
Using
logistics
can
reduce
transportation
distance
by
up
36.8%,
savings
13.35%,
time
28.22%.
Artificial
allows
identifying
sorting
with
an
accuracy
ranging
from
72.8
99.95%.
combined
chemical
analysis
improves
carbon
emission
estimation,
energy
conversion.
We
also
explain
how
efficiency
be
increased
costs
reduced
management
systems
cities.
Journal of Cleaner Production,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
450, P. 141762 - 141762
Published: March 12, 2024
Plastic
waste
pollution
is
a
challenging
and
complex
issue
caused
mainly
by
high
consumption
of
single-use
plastics
the
linear
economy
"extract-make-use-throw".
Improvements
in
recycling
efficiency,
behaviour
changes,
circular
business
models,
more
precise
management
system
are
essential
to
reduce
volume
plastic
waste.
This
paper
proposes
simplified
conceptual
model
for
smart
separation
based
on
sensor
technology
deep
learning
(DL)
facilitate
recovery
recycling.
The
proposed
could
be
applied
either
at
source
(in
bins)
or
centralised
sorting
facility.
Two
systems
have
been
investigated:
i)
one
utilising
6
sensors
(near-infrared
(NIR),
humidity,
temperature,
CO2,
CH4,
laser
profile
sensor)
ii)
with
an
RGB
camera
separate
packaging
materials
their
composition,
size,
cleanliness,
appearance.
Simulations
case
study
showed
that
camera-based
sorting,
Inception-v3,
DL
convolution
neural
networks
(CNN),
achieved
best
overall
accuracy
(78%)
compared
ResNet-50,
MobileNet-v2,
DenseNet-201.
In
addition,
resulted
higher
number
misclassified
items
bins,
as
it
focused
solely
appearance
rather
than
material
composition.
Sensor-based
faced
limitations,
particularly
dark
colouration
organic
matter
entrapment.
Combining
information
from
cameras
potentially
mitigate
limitations
each
individual
method,
thus
resulting
purity
separated
fractions.
Recycling,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
9(4), P. 59 - 59
Published: July 15, 2024
Plastics
recycling
is
an
important
component
of
the
circular
economy.
In
mechanical
recycling,
recovery
high-quality
plastics
for
subsequent
reprocessing
requires
plastic
waste
to
be
first
sorted
by
type,
color,
and
size.
chemical
certain
types
should
removed
as
they
negatively
affect
process.
Such
sortation
objects
at
Materials
Recovery
Facilities
(MRFs)
relies
increasingly
on
automated
technology.
Critical
any
sorting
proper
identification
type.
Spectroscopy
used
this
end,
augmented
machine
learning
(ML)
artificial
intelligence
(AI).
Recent
developments
in
application
ML/AI
are
highlighted
here,
state
art
presented.
Commercial
equipment
recyclables
identified
from
a
survey
publicly
available
information.
Automated
equipment,
ML/AI-based
sorters,
robotic
sorters
currently
market
evaluated
regarding
their
sensors,
capability
sort
plastics,
primary
application,
throughput,
accuracy.
This
information
reflects
rapid
progress
achieved
plastics.
However,
film,
dark
comprising
multiple
polymers
remains
challenging.
Improvements
and/or
new
solutions
forthcoming.