Assessing the impact of probiotics on immunotherapy effectiveness and antibiotic-mediated resistance in cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: March 21, 2025

Background Probiotics have been demonstrated to exert a potential clinical enhancing effect in cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), while antibiotics detrimental impact. Prior meta-analysis papers substantial limitations and are devoid of recent published studies. Therefore, this study aimed perform an updated and, for the first time, assess whether probiotics can restore damage immunotherapy. Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted three English databases Chinese with cutoff date August 11, 2024. The methodological quality studies evaluated using Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS) or Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (RoB 2). Engauge Digitizer v12.1 employed extract hazard ratios (HRs) 95% confidence interval (CI) survival outcomes when these data were not explicitly provided manuscripts. Meta-analysis Stata 14 software. Results sample comprised eight retrospective four prospective studies, involving total 3,142 participants. findings indicate that significantly prolong overall (OS) (I 2 = 31.2%; HR=0.58, CI: 0.46-0.73, p < 0.001) progression-free (PFS) 65.2%; HR=0.66, 0.54-0.81, ICIs, enhance objective response rate (ORR) 33.5%; OR=1.75, 1.27-2.40, disease control (DCR) 50.0%; OR=1.93, 1.11-3.35, 0.002). For non-small cell lung (NSCLC) exposed antibiotics, use associated superior OS 0.0%; HR=0.45, 0.34-0.59, PFS HR=0.48, 0.38-0.62, compared non-users. Subgroup differences observed regarding type (P=0.006) ethnic backgrounds (P=0.011) OS. Conclusions suggest effectively extend treated ICIs. In NSCLC, appear mitigate negative impact on immunotherapy effectiveness, which has profound significance. Nevertheless, additional large-scale, high-quality randomized controlled trials necessary further validate findings. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=579047 , identifier CRD42024579047.

Language: Английский

Mechanisms of immunotherapy resistance in small cell lung cancer

Cancer Drug Resistance, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 28, 2024

Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine tumor with a poor prognosis. Although the addition of immunotherapy to chemotherapy has modestly improved outcomes, most patients rapidly develop resistance. Resistance can be broadly categorized into primary resistance and acquired resistance, as proposed by Society for Immunotherapy Cancer (SITC) consensus definition. Primary occurs in setting failure respond immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), while develops after initial response. The mechanisms ICI are not well understood SCLC, denoting area critical unmet need. Both intrinsic extrinsic play significant roles Intrinsic include defects antigen presentation, mutations key genes, reduced immunogenicity, epigenetic alterations. Extrinsic involve microenvironment (TME), which complex interplay both tumor- immunosuppressive cells, vasculature, microbiome. An understanding these crucial developing novel therapeutic strategies advance effective

Language: Английский