The Gut–Brain Axis in Schizophrenia: The Implications of the Gut Microbiome and SCFA Production

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(20), P. 4391 - 4391

Published: Oct. 16, 2023

Schizophrenia, a severe mental illness affecting about 1% of the population, manifests during young adulthood, leading to abnormal function and behavior. Its multifactorial etiology involves genetic factors, experiences adversity, infection, gene-environment interactions. Emerging research indicates that maternal infection or stress pregnancy may also increase schizophrenia risk in offspring. Recent on gut-brain axis highlights gut microbiome's potential influence central nervous system (CNS) health, including schizophrenia. The microbiota, located digestive system, has significant role play human physiology, immune development, vitamin synthesis, protection against pathogenic bacteria. Disruptions caused by diet, medication use, environmental pollutants, stress, lead imbalances with far-reaching effects CNS health. Of interest are short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), metabolic byproducts produced microbes fermentation. SCFAs can cross blood-brain barrier, influencing activity, microglia cytokine modulation. dysregulation neurotransmitters contribute disorders, This review explores relationship between SCFAs, microbiome, Our aim is deepen understanding elucidate its implications for future therapeutic approaches.

Language: Английский

Mechanisms Underlying the Refinement of the Retinogeniculate Synapse

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 517 - 526

Published: Nov. 23, 2023

Abstract Essential for normal neurological function is the proper formation of neuronal circuits. This process starts with mapping presynaptic neurons to proposed postsynaptic partners. In some areas brain, initial precise specific cell. others, like sensory inputs onto primary thalamus, targeting axons broad, followed by synapse pruning and strengthening. modification connection referred as developmental refinement or remodeling. The retinogeniculate synapse, between retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) thalamocortical (TC) in visual has been a powerful experimental system identifying understanding cellular, circuit, molecular mechanisms underlying refinement. chapter reviews current postnatal development that lead mature thalamic circuit processing mammalian central nervous system.

Language: Английский