Working memory capacity and self‐cues: Consistent benefits in children and adults

British Journal of Psychology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 14, 2025

Abstract From attentional prioritization to enhanced memory, self‐cues trigger a variety of effects within human cognition. Recent work suggests that self‐reference may also enhance working possibly via prioritization. However, there is no direct evidence memory capacity, or such boosts covary with individuals' function. Here, we provide the first capacity for self‐referential cues, independent processing. We adapted verbal complex span create ‘Self’ condition (featuring participant's own name), ‘Other’ non‐self‐name), and Control (with in 7–9‐year‐old children (Exp.1, N = 71) adults (Exp.2, 52). In both experiments, Self elicited significantly higher spans than other conditions (Exp 1: p < .001, η 2 .32; Exp 2: .25), but this increase was unrelated measures processing backward digit span. Moreover, equivalent were observed adults, despite adults' underlying capacity. propose chunking interpretation based on binding self‐associated items, directly benefiting individual's regardless their current competence ‘baseline’

Language: Английский

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Listen to Yourself! Prioritization of self-associated and own voice cues

Published: March 4, 2024

Recent evidence suggests that voice-cues associated with the self can activate attentional biases in cognition (Payne et al., 2021), mirroring self-prioritization effects visual domain. Here, we report two experiments replicate Payne al.’s vocal effect (Exp 1), and extend it by including a novel ‘own-voice’ manipulation 2). In Exp 1 (N=35 UK male adults), voice-label matching task comprising three external voices showed reaction time accuracy are improved when voice cue is self-label (‘you’), relative to ‘friend’ or ‘stranger’ label. 2 (N=90 assigned self, friend stranger labels was either recording of participants’ own voice, an voice. Reaction data consistent advantage for participant’s own-voice, even label, over-riding standard effects. This boosted own-voice ‘self’ Findings discussed context self-prioritization, implications this research recent technological advances allow patterns be artificially replicated.

Language: Английский

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Self as a prior: The malleability of Bayesian multisensory integration to social salience

British Journal of Psychology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 115(2), P. 185 - 205

Published: Sept. 25, 2023

Abstract Our everyday perceptual experiences are grounded in the integration of information within and across our senses. Due to this direct behavioural relevance, cross‐modal retains a certain degree contextual flexibility, even social relevance. However, how relevance modulates remains unclear. To investigate possible mechanisms, Experiment 1 tested principles audio‐visual for numerosity estimation by deriving Bayesian optimal observer model with prior from empirical data explain biases. Such priors may shift towards locations high salience stimulus space. results showed that tendency over‐ or underestimate numerosity, expressed frequency strength fission fusion illusions, depended on actual event numerosity. 2 replicated effects multisensory Scheller & Sui, 2022 JEP:HPP , using lower number events, thereby favouring opposite illusion through enhanced influences prior. In line idea self acts like prior, more frequently observed (more malleable influences) was modulated self‐relevance. findings suggest can influence perception acting cue integration, biasing estimates areas

Language: Английский

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Stimulus valence moderates self-learning

Cognition & Emotion, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 38(6), P. 884 - 897

Published: April 5, 2024

Self-relevance has been demonstrated to impair instrumental learning. Compared unfamiliar symbols associated with a friend, analogous stimuli linked the self are learned more slowly. What is not yet understood, however, whether this effect extends beyond arbitrary material intrinsically meaningful properties. Take, for example, stimulus valence an established moderator of self-bias. Does desirability to-be-learned influence self-learning? Here, in conjunction computational modelling (i.e. Reinforcement Learning Drift Diffusion Model analysis), probabilistic selection task was used establish if and how desirable/undesirable posters) impacts acquisition knowledge relating object-ownership owned-by-self vs. owned-by-friend). Several interesting results were observed. First, undesirable posters rapidly compared that reversed desirable posters. Second, learning rates accompanied by differences reward sensitivity toward choice selections as function ownership. Third, decisional caution greater self-relevant (vs. friend relevant) responses. Collectively, these findings inform understanding self-function relevance mutually

Language: Английский

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Control over self and others’ face: exploitation and exploration

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: July 5, 2024

Abstract The face serves as a crucial cue for self-identification, while the sense of agency plays significant role in determining our influence through actions environment. current study investigates how self-identification facial recognition may perception control via motion. We propose that might engender belief having over one’s own face, leading to more acute detection and greater emphasis on discrepancies between their sensory feedback judgments. refer condition governed by exploitation mode. Conversely, when manipulating another individual’s personal is absent. In such cases, individuals are likely rely regularity input judgments, exhibiting behaviors exploratory nature glean information. This termed explorative utilized face-motion mixing paradigm, employing deep generative model enable participants interact with either or person’s head movements. During experiment, observed someone else’s (self-face vs. other-face) screen. motion was driven purely an average participant’s experimenter’s (full partial control). results showed reported higher other-face than self-face, rating significantly self-face. More importantly, controlling resulted movement diversity face. These findings support exploration–exploitation theory: When had strong triggered they became highly sensitive any sensorimotor prediction errors, lower agency. contrast, absent, exploration mode behaviors, allowing efficiently gather information establish

Language: Английский

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Self-association enhances early attentional selection through automatic prioritization of socially salient signals

Published: Oct. 14, 2024

Efficiently processing self-related information is critical for cognition, yet the earliest mechanisms enabling this self-prioritization remain unclear. By combining a temporal order judgement task with computational modelling based on Theory of Visual Attention (TVA), we show how mere, arbitrary associations self can fundamentally alter attentional selection sensory into short-term memory/awareness, by enhancing weights and capacity devoted to encoding socially loaded information. This in occurs automatically at early perceptual stages but reduces when active social decoding required. Importantly, benefits obtained from via self-relatedness physical salience were additive, suggesting that captured attention separate mechanisms. Furthermore, intra-individual correlations revealed an ‘obligatory’ effect, whereby overpowered contribution guiding selection. Together, our findings provide evidence influence during earlier, automatic section gateway perception, distinct later post-attentive stages.

Language: Английский

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Learning about me and you: Only deterministic stimulus associations elicit self-prioritization

Consciousness and Cognition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 116, P. 103602 - 103602

Published: Nov. 1, 2023

Self-relevant material has been shown to be prioritized over stimuli relating others (e.g., friend, stranger), generating benefits in attention, memory, and decision-making. What is not yet understood, however, whether the conditions under which self-related knowledge acquired impacts emergence of self-bias. To address this matter, here we used an associative-learning paradigm combination with a stimulus-classification task explore effects different learning experiences (i.e., deterministic vs. probabilistic) on self-prioritization. The results revealed effect prior performance, self-prioritization only emerging when participants target-related associations self friend) certainty (vs. uncertainty). A further computational drift diffusion model) analysis indicated that differences efficiency stimulus processing rate information uptake) underpinned effect. implications these findings for accounts self-function are considered.

Language: Английский

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Effects of perceptual redundancy, conceptual redundancy and self-relatedness on categorical responses

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 77(11), P. 2165 - 2179

Published: Feb. 23, 2024

A redundancy gain occurs when perceptually identical stimuli are presented together, resulting in quicker categorization of these paired than lone stimuli. Similar effects have been reported for within the same conceptual category, particularly if category is self-related. We recruited 528 individuals across three related studies to investigate whether, during perceptual and redundancy, such self-bias on foreground modulated by natural versus urban backgrounds. Here, we highlight our observations pertaining In first experiment, response options were randomised per trial. Results showed reaction time gains stimuli, but this advantage was not self/other categorization. However, slower times observed conceptually-related stimulus pairs influenced The second experiment replicated methods earlier comparable results Experiment 1: a unmodulated categorization, yet no gain/cost third categories substituted with arbitrary A/B categories: Once more, there gain. Notably, categorisation produced equivalent categorisation. Overall, findings challenge previous research facilitated early processing suggest that self-relatedness may exert unique effect beyond attentional preferences Our study motivates further understand effects.

Language: Английский

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The self-bias in working memory: the favorability of self-referential stimuli in resource allocation

Memory, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 32(5), P. 517 - 527

Published: April 15, 2024

Self-representations guide and shape our thoughts behaviour. People usually exhibit inherent biases in perception, attention, memory to favour the information associated with themselves over that others. The present study explored phenomenon of self-bias working (WM), specifically how self-referential processing impacts WM precision. Four precision-based experiments were conducted assess recall precision items other social agents. findings revealed a robust self-prioritisation effect precision, wherein recalled greater than Additionally, increased for did not decrease simultaneously remembered items. This was limited by total amount resources influenced perceptual distractor. can serve as proxy access role self-representation goal-oriented cognitive processing, providing means exploring interaction between self-reference high-level function.

Language: Английский

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Malleability of Self- and Now-Prioritizations via Performance Contingent Incentives

Published: April 17, 2024

Prioritizing immediate self (me, now) over distant (other, future) information is an essential social cognition for effectively guiding actions at hand. Building upon recent research on the nuanced nature of prioritization effects, we sought to explore whether such biases could be modulated by external rewards, thereby enhancing task saliency. Our results (N = 161) demonstrated that while effects response speed remained robust against performance contingent accuracy were susceptible modulation. Specifically, rewards amplified both self- (vs other) relevant and information. These findings suggest a potential overlap in processing mechanisms between temporal domains. study contributes novel evidence understanding highlighting their malleability factors. Future investigations should additional factors influencing these biases, shedding light functional roles prioritization.

Language: Английский

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