An update on the treatment and management of cognitive dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis

Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 13, 2025

Introduction Cognitive impairment (CI) occurs in 34-70% of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, significantly impacting quality life. CI can occur independently physical disability, even those with 'benign MS.' deficits are heterogeneous, but common areas affected include processing speed, memory, and executive functions.

Language: Английский

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Ellagic Acid: A Green Multi-Target Weapon That Reduces Oxidative Stress and Inflammation to Prevent and Improve the Condition of Alzheimer’s Disease

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(2), P. 844 - 844

Published: Jan. 20, 2025

Oxidative stress (OS), generated by the overrun of reactive species oxygen and nitrogen (RONS), is key cause several human diseases. With inflammation, OS responsible for onset development clinical signs pathological hallmarks Alzheimer’s disease (AD). AD a multifactorial chronic neurodegenerative syndrome indicated form progressive dementia associated with aging. While one-target drugs only soften its symptoms while generating drug resistance, multi-target polyphenols from fruits vegetables, such as ellagitannins (ETs), ellagic acid (EA), urolithins (UROs), having potent antioxidant radical scavenging effects capable counteracting OS, could be new green options to treat degenerative diseases, thus representing hopeful alternatives and/or adjuvants ameliorate AD. Unfortunately, in vivo ETs are not absorbed, providing mainly which, due trivial water-solubility first-pass effect, metabolizes intestine yield UROs, or irreversible binding cellular DNA proteins, which have very low bioavailability, failing therapeutic vivo. Currently, UROs confirmed beneficial effect demonstrated vitro reaching tissues extent necessary outcomes. upon administration food rich EA, URO formation affected extreme interindividual variability that renders them unreliable novel clinically usable drugs. Significant attention has therefore been paid specifically multitarget incessantly investigated nanotechnologically manipulated potential “lead compound” protective action toward An overview multi-factorial aspects characterize polyphenol activity, respectively, well traditional innovative treatments available AD, constitutes opening this work. Upon focus on pathophysiology EA’s chemical features mechanisms leading an all-around updated analysis current EA-rich foods EA involvement field provided. The possible usage discussed, reporting results applications vitro, vivo, during trials. A critical view need more extensive use most rapid diagnostic methods detect early also included

Language: Английский

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Advancing personalized digital therapeutics: integrating music therapy, brainwave entrainment methods, and AI-driven biofeedback

Frontiers in Digital Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 7

Published: Feb. 25, 2025

Mental health disorders and cognitive decline are pressing global concerns, increasing the demand for non-pharmacological interventions targeting emotional dysregulation, memory deficits, neural dysfunction. This review systematically examines three promising methodologies-music therapy, brainwave entrainment (binaural beats, isochronic tones, multisensory stimulation), their integration into a unified therapeutic paradigm. Emerging evidence indicates that music therapy modulates affect, reduces stress, enhances cognition by engaging limbic, prefrontal, reward circuits. Brainwave entrainment, particularly within gamma frequency range (30-100 Hz), facilitates oscillatory patterns linked to relaxation, concentration, memory, with 40 Hz showing promise enhancement, albeit individual variability. Synchronized stimulation, combining auditory visual inputs at frequencies, has demonstrated potential in enhancing supporting integrity, Alzheimer's disease. However, challenges such as patient response variability, lack of standardization, scalability hinder widespread implementation. Recent research suggests synergistic application these modalities may optimize outcomes leveraging complementary mechanisms. To actualize this, AI-driven biofeedback, enabling real-time physiological assessment individualized adjustments-such tailoring musical complexity, components-emerges solution. adaptive model treatment accessibility consistency while maximizing long-term efficacy. Although early stages, preliminary highlights its transformative reshaping strategies. Advancing this field requires interdisciplinary research, rigorous evaluation, ethical data stewardship develop innovative, patient-centered solutions mental rehabilitation.

Language: Английский

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Blood Biomarkers Reflect Dementia Symptoms and Are Influenced by Cerebrovascular Lesions

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(5), P. 2325 - 2325

Published: March 5, 2025

Dementia blood biomarkers are becoming increasingly important. Various factors, such as ischemic lesions and inflammation, can influence the pathomechanism of dementia. We aimed to evaluate effects past stroke on (BMs). Following approval from institutional ethics committee, patients who were admitted memory clinic consented written documents enrolled (n = 111, average [standard deviation] age: 74.5 [9.1] years-old). Brain magnetic resonance imaging, cognitive function, neuropsychological symptoms analyzed. The amyloid-β 42 (Aβ42)/Aβ40 ratio, phosphorylated tau181 (p-tau181), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neurofilament light chain (NfL), Aβ42/p-tau181 ratio assessed plasma BMs. diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease 45), mild impairment 56), depression 8), subjective 4). Bivariate analysis exhibited that all measured BM indicators significantly associated decline in without lesions. Whereas presented a significant association only between GFAP (p 0.0011). Multiple regression showed NfL correlated (r 0.4988, p 0.0003) delusion those 0.5492, 0.0121). Past should be addressed assessment correlation dementia patients.

Language: Английский

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Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on learning and memory cognitive function in rats with vascular cognitive impairment and its neural induction mechanism

BMC Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(1)

Published: March 18, 2025

The treatment of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is challenging, and its neurological mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) offers a new non-invasive approach. One hundred male SD rats were grouped: intervention group (IG), model (MG), sham (SG), control (CG), to prepare the rat VCI. Morris water maze (MWM) test was conducted, oxidative stress (OS) markers, neurotrophic factors, apoptosis amplitude postsynaptic potential (PSP) in hippocampus measured. Post-intervention, IG's escape latency lower than MG but higher SG CG. hippocampal malondialdehyde (MDA) content, Bax, Caspase-3 (Cas-3) CG, while tendency opposite for Bcl-2 expression content glutathione (GSH) superoxide dismutase (SOD). brain-derived factor (BDNF), glial cell line-derived (GDNF), N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor 1 (NMDAR1) CG; changes PSP region IG at 10, 30, 60 min all those CG (P < 0.05). Low-frequency rTMS visibly improved learning memory abilities VCI reduced OS levels.

Language: Английский

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Exploring the connection between dementia and cardiovascular risk with a focus on ADAM10

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 167825 - 167825

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Large inter-arm systolic blood pressure difference is associated with cognitive impairment in older adults: a cross-sectional study in rural southwest China

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17

Published: April 14, 2025

Background Studies have shown that both inter-arm blood pressure difference (IABPD) and cognitive impairment are associated with vascular events. However, the relationship between IABPD among elderly individuals in rural China remains unclear. This study aims to investigate association older adults Guizhou, southwestern China. Methods The data were obtained from Cohort Study of Health Status Guizhou Rural Older Adults (SHGROC). A multi-stage cluster sampling method was employed select 1,088 aged ≥ 60 years Province for questionnaire surveys, physical examinations, biological sample collection. Cognitive function participants assessed using Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Bilateral measured simultaneously an automated device, calculated. Multivariable linear logistic regression models used examine impairment. Results overall prevalence 27.85%, it more common 10 mmHg ( P &lt; 0.05). analysis revealed systolic (IASBPD) independently lower MMSE scores (β = −1.113; 95% CI : −2.120, −0.106; 0.030) a higher risk OR 1.902; 1.189, 3.040; 0.007). Additionally, dose-response observed IASBPD impairment, positive correlation. Further subgroup indicated modified by sex, smoking, regular exercise interaction Conclusion is increased Chinese adults. suggested may provide reference early identification at

Language: Английский

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Association of reperfusion therapy in acute ischemic stroke on PROMs after one year; a registry-based case-control study

Journal of the Neurological Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 123517 - 123517

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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The Impact of Exercise Training on the Brain and Cognition in Type 2 Diabetes, and its Physiological Mediators: A Systematic Review

Sports Medicine - Open, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: April 24, 2025

Language: Английский

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Mitigation of Atherosclerotic Vascular Damage and Cognitive Improvement Through Mesenchymal Stem Cells in an Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse Model

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(23), P. 13210 - 13210

Published: Dec. 9, 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by progressive memory loss and other cognitive disturbances. Patients with AD can be vulnerable to vascular damage, damaged vessels lead impairment. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) treatment has shown potential in ameliorating pathogenesis, but its effect on function remains unclear. This study aimed improve alleviating atherosclerosis-induced vessel damage using MSCs mice genetic background. In this study, 5xFAD mouse model of was used, atherosclerotic induced high-fat diets (HFDs). were injected into the tail vein along mannitol an HFD. detected brain, improved following MSC treatment. Behavioral tests showed that enhanced function, as measured Y-maze passive avoidance tests. Additionally, muscle strength rotarod test also increased HFDs. Overall, our results suggest cells alleviate caused metabolic diseases, including HFDs, individuals carrying gene. Consequently, alleviates decline related dementia symptoms.

Language: Английский

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