Risk Factors of Postpartum Depression

Cureus, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 31, 2022

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a widespread mental health problem and one of the prime causes maternal suffering ill health. On global level, prevalence disorder about 10 to 15%. Symptoms generally appear within first four six weeks, which high-risk period. However, it may develop up year post-delivery. PPD presents with symptoms classical depression, including mood fluctuations, bouts crying, lack interest in child, even thoughts suicide. not only has adverse effects on mother’s but also hampers growth development child. It formation healthy mother-child bond, turn impact feeding practices. The social environment infant during few months primarily provided by mother, thus child’s development. increases susceptibility malnutrition. Research postpartum garnered momentum last years. masses are still largely unaware its implications. There an inadequacy awareness risk factors PPD. cross-cultural differences manifestations appropriate preventive measures have been extensively studied. Some for similar those classic depression; however, obstetrical pediatric involved. This literature review aims assess currently known PPD, their strength association, probable mechanisms help identify group enable implementation or facilitate early diagnosis. identified spanned sociodemographic, biological, psychological, obstetric domains. These included socioeconomic standing, marital relationship, history psychiatric illness, support, gestational diabetes, vitamin D deficiency, immigration status, delivery method, violence abuse, birth experience, biological epigenetic markers. numerous strong weak associations A previous depressive pregnancy, spousal support were most powerful factors. Other significant include complications low stressful life events. Studies age chronic illness as inconclusive. roles genetic markers, cultural factors, insufficiency require further investigation.

Language: Английский

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Rates of depressive and anxiety symptoms in the perinatal period during the COVID-19 pandemic: Comparisons between countries and with pre-pandemic data

Journal of Affective Disorders, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 316, P. 245 - 253

Published: Aug. 11, 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic was a significant threat to perinatal mental health. This study examined differences in clinically depression, anxiety, and co-morbid symptoms among pregnant postpartum women across several countries compared prevalence of depression anxiety before during the each participating country.

Language: Английский

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Preclinical and clinical pharmacology of brexanolone (allopregnanolone) for postpartum depression: a landmark journey from concept to clinic in neurosteroid replacement therapy

Psychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 240(9), P. 1841 - 1863

Published: Aug. 11, 2023

Abstract This article describes the critical role of neurosteroids in postpartum depression (PPD) and outlines landmark pharmacological journey brexanolone as a first-in-class neurosteroid antidepressant with significant advantages over traditional antidepressants. PPD is neuroendocrine disorder that affects about 20% mothers after childbirth characterized by symptoms including persistent sadness, fatigue, dysphoria, well disturbances cognition, emotion, appetite, sleep. The main pathology behind reduction neurosteroids, referred to withdrawal, concept pioneered our preclinical studies. We developed replacement therapy (NRT) rational approach for treating other conditions related deficiency, unveiling power novel anxiolytic-antidepressants. neurosteroid, (BX), progesterone-derived allopregnanolone rapidly relieves anxiety mood deficits activating GABA-A receptors, making it transformational treatment PPD. In 2019, FDA approved BX, an intravenous formulation allopregnanolone, NRT treat clinical studies, BX significantly improved within hours administration, tolerable side effects headache, dizziness, somnolence. identified molecular mechanism neuronal PPD-like milieu. involves activation both synaptic extrasynaptic which promote tonic inhibition serve key target conditions. Neurosteroids offer several antidepressants, rapid onset, unique mechanism, lack tolerance upon repeated use. Some limitations include aqueous solubility, limited accessibility, hospitalization treatment, oral product, serious adverse events at high doses. However, unmet need synthetic address this condition supersedes these limitations. Recently, we hydrophilic superior profile drug delivery. Overall, approval major milestone field neurotherapeutics, paving way development depression, epilepsy, status epilepticus. Graphical abstract

Language: Английский

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Parental Postnatal Depression in the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review of Its Effects on the Parent–Child Relationship and the Child’s Developmental Outcomes

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(3), P. 2018 - 2018

Published: Jan. 21, 2023

The international literature has shown that maternal and paternal postnatal depression (PND) is one of the most common mental illnesses in perinatal period, with significant consequences for parent–infant relationships infant development. COVID-19 pandemic increased rates prevalence PND, exacerbating health risk new families. This systematic review aims to examine effect PND on children’s development first 36 months after childbirth during outbreak. Eligible studies were identified using following databases: Medline, CINAHL, SCOPUS, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, ScienceDirect, Web Science. Of 1252 considered, 10 met inclusion criteria. Results showed significantly affected quality early mother–infant relationship infant’s motor, self-regulation, socio-emotional In addition, detrimental impact seems become stronger as concerns increase. No included fathers. These findings strengthened importance planning targeted prevention treatment strategies prevent its short- long-term consequences, especially case stressful traumatic events. They also suggested urgent need further exploration

Language: Английский

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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Postpartum Depression in Romanian Women during Two Periods of COVID-19 Pandemic

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(6), P. 1628 - 1628

Published: March 15, 2022

Postpartum depression is a major mental health disorder that can negatively affect both mother and baby. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic associated with extreme measures of lockdown had profound effects on humanity, increasing rates anxiety depression, especially among women in postpartum period. The aim this study was threefold: to determine prevalence compare at two different times during pandemic, assess possible association between timing childbirth given period risk depression. A cross-sectional involving 154 who were interviewed immediately postpartum, using EPDS scale, conducted Timisoara Municipal Hospital, Romania periods (March−April 2020 first wave August−September 2021 fourth wave). overall (EPDS score > 13) 18.8%, statistically significantly higher rate participants surveyed Romania; represents an impact women’s period, developing

Language: Английский

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Postpartum Depression, Social Support and Quality of Life Between Adolescent and Adult Mothers in Six Months Postpartum in the COVID‐19 Pandemic: Longitudinal Comparative Study

Journal of Advanced Nursing, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 4, 2025

ABSTRACT Aims To determine the proportion of postpartum depression (PPD), explore associated risk factors with PPD, and examine changes in social support quality life (QOL) among adolescent adult mothers first 6 months during COVID‐19 pandemic. Design A longitudinal comparative study was conducted using an online questionnaire from January to August 2021. Methods The recruited 65 who attended checkups at weeks primary hospitals across Ayutthaya, Chachoengsao Phetchaburi provinces Thailand. Data were collected by Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Postpartum Support Questionnaire, World Health Organisation Quality Life Brief weeks, 4 postpartum. Results Finally, 60 included for analysis. Adolescent experienced lower QOL compared over 6‐month period. Notably, both had significantly increased PPD proportions (31.7%–48.3% 23.3%–43.3%, respectively). However, there no significant difference between groups. In adjusted models, educational level, unintended pregnancy, mode delivery support. Conclusion Significant observed consistently demonstrated levels mothers. Additionally, attainment, pregnancies, caesarean deliveries low more likely experience PPD. Implications Midwives/nurses should provide routine screenings throughout six all mothers, particularly at‐risk such as or those education, limited Reporting Method We have followed STROBE guidelines. Patient Public Contribution No patient public contribution.

Language: Английский

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Preventing postpartum depression in pregnant women using an app-based health-promoting behaviors program (Pender’s health promotion model): a randomized Controlled Trial

BMC Psychology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: March 13, 2025

Depression is a prevalent mood disorder. Women face heightened risk of depression during pregnancy and after childbirth, which can have negative consequences for both the mother her family. It essential to explore preventive strategies. To assess impact education focused on health-promoting behaviors in preventing postpartum (PPD) through social messaging among pregnant women. This randomized controlled trial study involved 108 non-depressed eligible women with gestational age 28–30 weeks 2022–2023. Participants were randomly assigned intervention control groups using block randomization method. The group received virtual based weekly over six sessions. Edinburgh Postnatal Scale (EPDS), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP II) questionnaires utilized evaluate outcomes. Data analysis was performed SPSS software version 23, significance level set at P < 0.05. mean differences between scores EPDS, PHQ-9 HPLP before two − 4.85 (CI95%= -3.22, -6.48), -6.22 -4.43, -8.00) 28.22 23.41, 33.03), respectively, statistically significant (P 0.001). findings regarding dimensions also indicated that all increased significantly group. greatest least amount change observed physical activity dimension 5.50 4.31, 6.68) interpersonal relations 3.48 2.24, 4.72), respectively. number needed treat (NNT) depression, questionnaire approximately 2.571, indicating nearly one mothers who benefited. app-based intervention-benefiting from not requiring in-person referrals providing common platform communication-is effective enhancing behaviors, reducing decreasing frequency PPD. In other words, this type led prevention promotion retrospectively registered IRCT Registry 31/05/2024 (registration number: IRCT20221109056451N2).

Language: Английский

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Unveiling the Mental Health of Postpartum Women During and After COVID-19: Analysis of Two Population-Based National Maternity Surveys in Romania (2020–2025)

Healthcare, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(8), P. 911 - 911

Published: April 16, 2025

(1) Background: The COVID-19 pandemic caused widespread upheaval, presenting unique challenges for pregnant and postpartum women, who were already in a particularly vulnerable phase. As the its public health response unfolded, it became crucial clinicians researchers to explore depression within context of global crisis. (2) Methods: We used data from two cross-sectional surveys postnatal women conducted our tertiary academic hospital during SARS-CoV-2 post-pandemic period, based on retrospective assessments samples mothers, each including 860 women. Our research has been with scope evaluating disorder after by using comparable across time. (3) Results: prevalence was significantly higher among gave birth (major depressive disorder: 54.19%, minor 15.58%), compared pre-pandemic rates (10% developed countries 21–26% developing countries) 10.12%, 10.93%). results indicate that had major negative impact perinatal mental and, moreover, might have sped up an existing trend increasing depression, despite fact risk factors disease remained consistent before, during, pandemic. (4) Conclusions: Strengthening support systems periods heightened risk, such as pandemic, is crucial; therefore, policymakers planners should prioritize this group crises or natural disasters, ensuring implementation effective screenings, identification, enhanced support, follow-up, reassurance measures better address faced susceptible future similar situations.

Language: Английский

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Predictive Validity of Screening Tools and Role of Self-Esteem and Coping in Postpartum Depression Risk

Diagnostics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(9), P. 1152 - 1152

Published: April 30, 2025

Background/Objectives: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a prevalent mental health disorder affecting women after childbirth, with significant adverse effects on both maternal and infant outcomes. Early detection intervention are critical to improving trajectories. Material Methods: This narrative review compares the predictive validity of commonly used screening instruments for PPD, including Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), brief tools like PHQ-2 PHQ-4. It also examines role self-esteem, assessed using Rosenberg Self-Esteem (RSES), coping mechanisms, evaluated through COPE Inventory, in moderating PPD risk. Results: Validation studies reveal variability performance across different populations, emphasizing need contextual calibration. Low self-esteem maladaptive strategies consistently associated higher risk, socioeconomic status (SES) further influencing these relationships. Interventions focusing enhancing promoting adaptive coping, such as cognitive–behavioral therapy psychoeducation, show promise reducing incidence. Conclusions: highlights gaps existing research, particularly regarding during pregnancy, calls integrated models incorporating psychosocial variables. Early, context-sensitive approaches essential effective prevention management.

Language: Английский

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Study characteristical and regional influences on postpartum depression before vs. during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Frontiers in Public Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Feb. 15, 2023

Background While the public is under serious pressure from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), final impact and possible contributing factors to postpartum depression symptoms (PPDS) remain unknown. Therefore, a meta-analysis investigate association between PPDS COVID-19 pandemic was carried out by comparing data pre-pandemic post-pandemic timeframes exploring influencing factors. Methods This systematic review prospectively registered recorded in study protocol (Prospero CRD42022336820, http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO ). A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, Web Science, CINALH, Cochrane Scopus cmpleted on June 6, 2022. Studies that compared prevalence PPD before during period were included. Results Of 1766 citations identified, 22 studies included with 15,098 participates 11,836 participants pandemic. Overall, analysis showed epidemic crisis associated an increased (OR: 0.81 [0.68, 0.95], P = 0.009, I 2 59%). Subgroup conducted according characteristics regions. Within classification, results obvious increase if cutoff defined as Edinburgh score (EPDS) ≥13 points 0.72 [0.52, 0.98], 0.03, 67%) follow-ups happened after weeks (≥ postpartum) 0.97], 0.02, 43%). Selected high-quality 0.79 [0.64, 56%) demonstrated period. Sorting regional factors, Asia [0.70, 0.93], 0.003, 0%) rates period, while Europe 0.82 [0.59, 1.13], 0.23, 71%) North America 0.66 [0.42, 1.02], 0.06, 65%) no significant difference. All developed developing countries [0.69, 0.94], 0.007, Conclusions The PPDS, especially long-term follow-up among group high possibility depression. negative influence pandemic, causing more Asia.

Language: Английский

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