Recent advances in understanding the mechanisms by which sodium-glucose co-transporter type 2 inhibitors protect podocytes in diabetic nephropathy

Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: March 6, 2025

Diabetes mellitus is associated with systemic damage across multiple organ systems, and an increasing number of patients are presenting diabetic kidney disease as its initial manifestation. The onset progression nephropathy closely podocyte injury. Sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, which can significantly reduce glucose levels well protecting against damage, therefore widely used for the clinical treatment disease. An body research has revealed that renal protective effect SGLT2 inhibitors primarily derived from their enhancement autophagy inhibition inflammation apoptosis. Multiple signaling pathways involved in these processes. A deeper exploration effects underlying mechanisms will provide more solid theoretical support application prevention

Language: Английский

Ferroptosis in osteogenic differentiation: a narrative review of bone regeneration metabolism

Regenerative medicine reports ., Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 12, 2025

Bone healing is a complex multifactor and diverse physiological process. In terms of osteogenic differentiation, different types regulated cell death, such as ferroptosis, play key roles in the bone microenvironment. Ferroptosis new type death discovered 2012. It characterized by lipid peroxidation iron-dependent accumulation, which are closely related to various clinical challenges. recent years, an increasing number studies have indicated strong potential relationship between ferroptosis orthopedic diseases, including osteoporosis, osteopenia osteoarthritis. Hence, in-depth investigation metabolism highly important for treatment diseases. Moreover, also accompanied morphological changes mitochondria, increased membrane density shrunken been detected osteoblasts, marrow stem mesenchymal cells osteoclasts. The inhibition can reduce mitochondrial damage, alleviate oxidative stress promote regeneration. This article reviews mechanism from aspects iron overload regulation ferroptosis-related pathways, well their effects on Increasing evidence has shown that defect regeneration processes abnormal metabolism. Inhibiting BMSCs or OBs effectively improve rate progression. We discuss detailed summarize current research disease treatment.

Language: Английский