Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
11
Published: June 22, 2023
The
recently
proposed
concept
of
´endangered
living
fossils’
(ELFs)
integrates
high-endangered
status
and
evolutionary
singularity
for
any
species.
In
this
review,
I
gathered
monotypic
genera
(single-species
genera)
that
satisfy
the
three
ELF
criteria:
(i)
scarcity
narrow
distribution
populations,
i.e.,
considering
every
species
categorized
‘critically
endangered’
or
contemporary
´extinct´
by
IUCN
criteria;
(ii)
singularity,
both
morphological
phylogenetic
singularities
a
single-species
lineage
as
result
null
net
diversification
rate;
(iii)
ancient
divergence,
split
from
closest
extant
relatives
predating
particular
geological
epoch.
A
total
3,706
vertebrates
angiosperms
were
analyzed.
found
109
critically
endangered
extinct
which
57
ELFs.
emergent
patterns
are:
(1)
taxonomy
(generic
level)
is
reliable
first
approach
to
identifying
ELFs;
(2)
´morphological
singularity´
displayed
does
not
always
help
identify
ELFs
on
islands;
(3)
tend
be
more
threatened
than
average
species;
(4)
extinction
appears
biased
against
some
animal
plant
groups;
(5)
are
strongly
associated
with
islands,
particularly
flightless
birds
vulnerable
human
prosecution;
(6)
relatively
quick
method
floras
faunas
most
urgently
in
need
protection
world.
This
complementary
searching
diversity
(e.
g.
EDGE),
also
discussed.
argue
should
prioritized
conservation
because
they
lineages
representing
an
exceptional
heritage
Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
94(3), P. 737 - 752
Published: Nov. 4, 2018
Abstract
This
paper
advances
an
hypothesis
that
the
primary
adaptive
driver
of
seasonal
migration
is
maintenance
site
fidelity
to
familiar
breeding
locations.
We
argue
therefore
principally
adaptation
for
geographic
persistence
when
confronted
with
seasonality
–
analogous
hibernation,
freeze
tolerance,
or
other
organismal
adaptations
cyclically
fluctuating
environments.
These
ideas
stand
in
contrast
traditional
views
bird
evolved
as
dispersal
strategy
exploiting
new
areas
and
avoiding
competitors.
Our
synthesis
supported
by
a
large
body
research
on
avian
biology
demonstrates
reproductive
benefits
breeding‐site
fidelity.
Conceptualizing
places
emphasis
understanding
evolutionary
trade‐offs
between
migratory
behaviour
environments
both
within
across
species.
Seasonality‐induced
departures
from
areas,
coupled
maintaining
fidelity,
also
provide
mechanism
explaining
evolution
agnostic
origin
lineages
(i.e.
temperate
tropical).
Thus,
our
framework
reconciles
much
conflict
previous
historical
biogeography
Although
range
change
fluidly
rapidly
many
populations,
we
loss
plasticity
via
canalization
overlooked
aspect
dynamics
helps
explain
idiosyncratic
distributions
routes
long‐distance
migrants.
synthesis,
which
revolves
around
insight
organisms
travel
long
distances
simply
stay
same
place,
provides
necessary
context
biogeographic
patterns
well
ecological
connectivity
non‐breeding
The Science of The Total Environment,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
792, P. 148306 - 148306
Published: June 16, 2021
Steroid
hormones
are
extremely
important
natural
in
all
vertebrates.
They
control
a
wide
range
of
physiological
processes,
including
osmoregulation,
sexual
maturity,
reproduction
and
stress
responses.
In
addition,
many
synthetic
steroid
widespread
general
use,
both
as
human
veterinary
pharmaceuticals.
Recent
advances
environmental
analytical
chemistry
have
enabled
concentrations
rivers
to
be
determined.
Many
different
hormones,
synthetic,
transformation
products,
been
identified
quantified,
demonstrating
that
they
aquatic
contaminants.
Laboratory
ecotoxicology
experiments,
mainly
conducted
with
fish,
but
also
amphibians,
shown
some
can
adversely
affect
when
present
the
water
at
low
concentrations:
even
sub-ng/L.
research
has
demonstrated
mixtures
inhibit
each
individual
hormone
is
concentration
below
which
it
would
not
invoke
measurable
effect
on
its
own.
Limited
field
studies
supported
conclusions
laboratory
may
pollutants
significant
concern.
Further
required
identify
main
sources
entering
environment,
better
describe
complex
now
known
ubiquitously
present,
determine
impacts
environmentally-realistic
vertebrates,
especially
fish.
Only
once
completed
robust
risk
assessment
concluded.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
121(21)
Published: May 13, 2024
The
ecoevolutionary
drivers
of
species
niche
expansion
or
contraction
are
critical
for
biodiversity
but
challenging
to
infer.
Niche
may
be
promoted
by
local
adaptation
constrained
physiological
performance
trade-offs.
For
birds,
evolutionary
shifts
in
migratory
behavior
permit
the
broadening
climatic
into
varied,
seasonal
environments.
Broader
niches
can
short-lived
if
diversifying
selection
and
geography
promote
speciation
subdivision
across
gradients.
To
illuminate
breadth
dynamics,
we
ask
how
“outlier”
defy
constraints.
Of
363
hummingbird
species,
giant
(
Patagona
gigas
)
has
broadest
a
large
margin.
test
roles
behavior,
trade-offs,
genetic
structure
maintaining
its
exceptional
breadth,
studied
movements,
respiratory
traits,
population
genomics.
Satellite
light-level
geolocator
tracks
revealed
an
>8,300-km
loop
migration
over
Central
Andean
Plateau.
This
included
3-wk,
~4,100-m
ascent
punctuated
upward
bursts
pauses,
resembling
acclimatization
routines
human
mountain
climbers,
accompanied
surging
blood-hemoglobin
concentrations.
Extreme
was
deep
genomic
divergence
from
high-elevation
resident
populations,
with
decisive
postzygotic
barriers
gene
flow.
two
forms
occur
side-by-side
differ
almost
imperceptibly
size,
plumage,
traits.
taxon
is
world’s
largest
hummingbird,
previously
undiscovered
that
describe
name
here.
hummingbirds
demonstrate
limits
on
breadth:
when
ancestral
expanded
due
evolution
(or
loss)
extreme
followed.
GigaScience,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
7(3)
Published: Feb. 15, 2018
Abstract
Background
Hummingbirds
oxidize
ingested
nectar
sugars
directly
to
fuel
foraging
but
cannot
sustain
this
use
during
fasting
periods,
such
as
the
night
or
long-distance
migratory
flights.
Instead,
hummingbirds
switch
oxidizing
stored
lipids
that
are
derived
from
sugars.
The
hummingbird
liver
plays
a
key
role
in
moderating
energy
homeostasis
and
remarkable
capacity
for
switching.
Additionally,
is
principle
location
of
de
novo
lipogenesis,
which
can
occur
at
exceptionally
high
rates,
premigratory
fattening.
Yet
understanding
how
tissue
whole
organism
moderates
turnover
hampered
by
lack
information
regarding
relevant
enzymes
differ
sequence,
expression,
regulation.
Findings
We
generated
transcriptome
using
PacBio
full-length
cDNA
sequencing
(Iso-Seq),
yielding
8.6Gb
data,
2.6M
reads
4
different
size
fractions.
analyzed
data
SMRTAnalysis
v3.1
Iso-Seq
pipeline,
then
clustered
isoforms
into
gene
families
generate
contigs
Cogent.
performed
orthology
analysis
identify
closely
related
sequences
between
our
other
avian
human
sets.
Finally,
we
examined
homology
critical
lipid
metabolism
genes
genomes.
Conclusions
confirmed
levels
sequence
divergence
within
lipogenic
enzymes,
suggesting
probability
adaptive
divergent
function
hepatic
pathways.
Our
results
leverage
cutting-edge
technology
novel
bioinformatics
pipeline
provide
first
direct
look
incredible
organism.
Ornithology,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
137(4)
Published: July 31, 2020
Abstract
Although
the
migration
ecology
of
birds
breeding
in
Neotropics
is
still
poorly
studied
relative
to
that
their
counterparts
at
north-temperate
latitudes,
studies
conducted
over
last
2
decades
have
revealed
much
more
common
and
diverse
than
previously
thought.
These
identified
dozens
species
migrate
latitudinally
within
South
America,
altitudinally
various
mountain
ranges,
between
Caribbean
islands,
longitudinally
across
ecosystems
such
as
Amazon
rainforest.
Advances
miniaturized
tracking
technologies,
enormous
citizen
science
databases,
powerful
analytical
approaches
provide
an
unprecedented
ability
detect
evaluate
temporally
spatially
fine-scale
patterns,
greatly
facilitating
study
migratory
patterns
tropical
regions.
We
argue
a
renewed
effort
research
on
short-
long-distance
bird
will
allow
(1)
comparative
identify
emergent
properties
behavior,
(2)
identification
convergent
or
unique
mechanistic
drivers
ecological
settings,
(3)
formulation
effective
conservation
management
plans
for
Neotropical
birds,
(4)
predictions
about
how
respond
large-scale
climatic
changes
Neotropics.
Here,
we
review
current
state
knowledge
migration,
with
focus
America.
specifically
examine
similarities
differences
observed
breed
Nearctic
compared
highlight
key
future
questions.
Ornithology,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
134(3), P. 751 - 773
Published: July 1, 2017
p.
xii.The
exclusion
of
Greenland
from
the
AOS
geographical
area
is
reversed.Under
section
Geographic
Coverage,
change
reference
to
eastern
boundary
''the
between
Canada
and
Greenland''
''Greenland.''
geographically,
physiographically,
tectonically
part
North
America,
was
considered
coverage
first
(AOU
1886)
through
fifth
editions
Check-list
1957).In
6th
edition
1983),
however,
removed
area,
seven
species
included
only
on
basis
records
were
transferred
hypothetical
list
(Appendix
B
in
that
edition).We
return
six
these
(Tadorna
ferruginea,
Rallus
aquaticus,
Charadrius
veredus,
Corvus
frugilegus,
C.
cornix,
Anthus
pratensis;
seventh
species,
Platalea
leucorodia,
returned
Chesser
et
al.
2010)
Appendix
main
list,
some
with
updated
taxonomy,
add
three
new
(Sylvia
atricapilla,
Zoothera
aurea,
Acanthis
cabaret)
additional
(Boertmann
1994)
appropriate
sequence
taxonomic
below.In
addition,
four
already
(Anser
brachyrhynchus,
Pluvialis
apricaria,
Turdus
pilaris,
T.
iliacus)
are
no
longer
accidental,
due
breeding
Greenland,
code
''
A''
their
names.pp.
Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
99(5), P. 1831 - 1847
Published: May 5, 2024
ABSTRACT
Plant–hummingbird
interactions
are
considered
a
classic
example
of
coevolution,
process
in
which
mutually
dependent
species
influence
each
other's
evolution.
Plants
depend
on
hummingbirds
for
pollination,
whereas
rely
nectar
food.
As
step
towards
understanding
this
review
focuses
the
macroevolutionary
consequences
plant–hummingbird
interactions,
relatively
underexplored
area
current
literature.
We
synthesize
prior
studies,
illustrating
origins
and
dynamics
hummingbird
pollination
across
different
angiosperm
clades
previously
pollinated
by
insects
(mostly
bees),
bats,
passerine
birds.
In
some
cases,
crown
age
pre‐dates
plants
they
pollinate.
other
plant
groups
transitioned
to
early
establishment
bird
group
Americas,
with
build‐up
both
diversities
coinciding
temporally,
hence
suggesting
co‐diversification.
Determining
what
triggers
shifts
away
from
remains
major
open
challenge.
The
impact
diversification
is
complex,
many
tropical
lineages
experiencing
increased
after
acquiring
flowers
that
attract
hummingbirds,
others
no
change
or
even
decrease
rates.
This
mixed
evidence
suggests
extrinsic
intrinsic
factors,
such
as
local
climate
isolation,
important
covariables
driving
adapted
pollination.
To
guide
future
we
discuss
mechanisms
contexts
under
clade
individual
(e.g.
traits,
foraging
behaviour,
degree
specialization),
could
conclude
commenting
how
signals
mutualism
relate
highlighting
unbalanced
focus
side
interaction,
advocating
use
species‐level
interaction
data
studies.
PLoS ONE,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
14(2), P. e0211855 - e0211855
Published: Feb. 27, 2019
Mutualistic
interactions
are
powerful
drivers
of
biodiversity
on
Earth
that
can
be
represented
as
complex
interaction
networks
vary
in
connection
pattern
and
intensity.
One
the
most
fascinating
mutualisms
is
between
hummingbirds
plants
they
visit.
We
conducted
an
exhaustive
search
for
articles,
theses,
reports,
personal
communications
with
researchers
(unpublished
data)
documenting
hummingbird
visits
to
flowers
nectar-rewarding
plants.
Based
information
gathered
from
4532
292
species
1287
plant
species,
we
built
network
nine
clades
100
families
used
by
nectar
resources
at
a
continental
scale.
explored
architecture,
including
phylogenetic,
morphological,
biogeographical,
distributional
information.
As
expected,
their
was
heterogeneous
nested,
but
not
modular.
When
incorporated
ecological
historical
nodes,
found
generalization
gradient
morphology
patterns.
The
recently
diversified
North
America
acted
generalist
nodes
visited
ornithophilous,
intermediate
non-ornithophilous
morphologies,
connecting
high
diversity
families.
This
favored
morphologies
(bill,
wing,
body
size)
low
niche
conservatism
these
compared
oldest
South
America.
Our
work
first
effort
exploring
hummingbird-plant
mutualistic
scale
using
offering
alternative
approach
evolutionary
factors
explain
plant-animal
large
BMC Evolutionary Biology,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
17(1)
Published: June 5, 2017
Geographical
and
temporal
patterns
of
diversification
in
bee
hummingbirds
(Mellisugini)
were
assessed
with
respect
to
the
evolution
migration,
critical
for
colonization
North
America.
We
generated
a
dated
multilocus
phylogeny
Mellisugini
based
on
dense
sampling
using
Bayesian
inference,
maximum-likelihood
maximum
parsimony
methods,
reconstructed
ancestral
states
distributional
areas
framework
migratory
behavior
parsimony,
re-rooting
methods.
All
phylogenetic
analyses
confirmed
monophyly
inclusion
Atthis,
Calothorax,
Doricha,
Eulidia,
Mellisuga,
Microstilbon,
Myrmia,
Tilmatura,
Thaumastura.
consists
two
clades:
(1)
South
American
species
(including
Tilmatura
dupontii),
(2)
distributed
Central
America
Caribbean
islands.
The
second
clade
four
subclades:
Mexican
(Calothorax,
Doricha)
(Archilochus,
Calliphlox,
Mellisuga)
sheartails,
Calypte,
Selasphorus
(incl.
Atthis).
Coalescent-based
dating
places
origin
mid-to-late
Miocene,
crown
ages
most
subclades
early
Pliocene,
subsequent
splits
Pleistocene.
Bee
reached
western
by
end
Miocene
mellisuginid
(bee
hummingbirds)
was
as
sedentary,
independent
gains
during
Mellisugini.
Early
migration
best
explained
biogeographic
within
repeated
long-distance
different
lineages
America,
contributing
radiation
hummingbirds.
Comparative
phylogeography
is
needed
test
whether
resulted
from
northward
expansion
southern
sedentary
populations.
Scientific Reports,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(1)
Published: March 27, 2024
Abstract
Tetraopes
longhorn
beetles
are
known
for
their
resistance
to
milkweed
plant
toxins
and
coevolutionary
dynamics
with
plants
(
Asclepias
).
This
association
is
considered
a
textbook
example
of
coevolution,
in
which
each
species
specialized
feed
on
one
or
few
.
A
major
challenge
investigating
hypotheses
conducting
molecular
ecology
studies
lies
the
limited
understanding
evolutionary
history
biogeographical
patterns
By
integrating
genomic,
morphological,
paleontological,
geographical
data,
we
present
robust
phylogeny
relatives,
using
three
inference
methods
varying
subsets
encompassing
2–12
thousand
UCE
loci.
We
elucidate
diversification
across
regions
colonization
American
continent.
Our
findings
suggest
that
genus
originated
Central
America
approximately
21
million
years
ago
during
Miocene
diversified
from
Mid-Miocene
Pleistocene.
These
events
coincided
intense
geological
activity
America.
Additionally,
independent
North
occurred
Late
early
Pleistocene,
potentially
contributing
group.
data
common
ancestor
Tetraopini
migrated
into
America,
likely
facilitated
by
Atlantic
land
bridges,
while
closely
related
tribes
diverged
Asia
Europe
Paleocene.
Establishing
densely
sampled
provides
foundation
micro-
macroevolutionary
phenomena,
including
clinal
variation,
detoxification
mechanisms
this
ecologically
important