Adapting crops for climate change: regaining lost abiotic stress tolerance in crops

Frontiers in Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2

Published: Dec. 5, 2024

It is often stated that agricultural outputs need to increase substantially meet the demands for more food posed by a growing population. However, when accounting climate change, we argue current projected increases are unrealistic and realistic goal would be maintain yields per area of production. This will require breeding crops with increased tolerance abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, waterlogging, high temperatures. can accomplished in one two ways: introducing stress genes into present high-yielding or increasing already tolerant orphan and/or wild plants. We first strategy easing restrictions on use gene editing technologies making substantial improvements cell-based phenotyping identify available pool crop its relatives. The success second depend number domestication selected order obtain comparable present-day cultivars. still too early conclude which strategies, rewilding (bringing lost from ancestors back domesticated crops) de novo (domesticating resilient plants underutilized directly), most effective future sustainable agriculture. given importance issue, some rapid action needs taken.

Language: Английский

---

The role of omics in improving the orphan crop tef

Trends in Genetics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 40(5), P. 449 - 461

Published: April 9, 2024

Tef research has little benefited from omics due to neglect of the crop by global scientific community. However, few utilized tools showed promising results. Chromosome-scale assembly genome reveals evolution tef. The whole-genome sequencing drought-resurrecting Eragrostis nindensis and desiccation-sensitive curvula shows genes that play key roles in drought responses. A studies using have revealed differentially expressed genes, proteins, metabolites tef plants exposed drought. Molecular markers deciphered diversity germplasm collected diverse agroecologies Ethiopia. application targeting induced local lesions genomes resulted mutant lines with a semidwarf stature, which were later bred locally adapted high-yielding varieties. Genome editing 'Green Revolution' lodging-tolerant plant. or teff [Eragrostis (Zucc.) Trotter] is cereal indigenous Horn Africa, where it staple food for large population. popularity arises its resilience environmental stresses nutritional value. For many years, been considered an orphan crop, but recent initiatives across globe are helping unravel undisclosed potential. Advanced techniques directed toward exploration tef's aim increasing productivity. In this review, we report on most advances brought into spotlight international research. organism four sets chromosomes resulting hybridization two different species. systematic study similarities differences gene content structure whole genomes. group plant-specific TFs important plant growth, development, response biotic abiotic stresses. how cells control activity without changing DNA sequence. intergenic regions contribute biological processes. short phrase typically used represent individual components ontologies, unify representation product attributes all total amount contained one copy single complete genome. identifies associations between genetic called SNPs phenotype interest traits. field biology focusing structure, function, evolution, mapping, duplicated derived parental species related ancestry. mineral nutrient trace elemental composition identification quantification small molecules present systems. microbial communities suite genomic directly access their content. small, single-stranded, noncoding RNA containing 21–23 nucleotides. integrating analysis multiple datasets. evolve common ancestral speciation usually retained similar function collection sequences contains shared individuals (core genome) also able display sequence information unique each (variable genome). overall characteristics traits can see (its phenotype) fits know about (genomics) proteins (proteomics). diagram represents evolutionary relationships among organisms. plastid, extensively phylogenetic analyses. protein properties obtain view cellular processes at level. region associated specific trait varies within incorporate essentially permanent set recombination events inherited more inbred strains. type component copies pastes itself various locations converting back DNA. synonym, microsatellites; variable numbers tandem repeats constitute repetitive regions. methods transcriptomes cells. reverse-genetics approach traditional chemical mutagenesis followed high-throughput facilitate screening point mutations. bind transcription. transcripts, both coding noncoding, given entity such as cell, tissue, organism. TF family. binds

Language: Английский

---

Prediction and validation of putative candidate genes underlying drought‐tolerant QTLs through in silico and RT‐PCR approaches in rice (Oryza sativa)

Plant Breeding, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 143(5), P. 675 - 694

Published: July 1, 2024

Abstract In the present study, aim was to predict and validate putative candidate genes underlying drought‐tolerant quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in rice crop using silico approaches real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). The major QTLs which have been reported by data mining, sequence variation, gene ontology analysis, traits finder expression analysis were subjected RiceVarmap software design primers, only a few variants gave SNP/InDel primers; thus, finally, 15 primers ultimately selected, used identification of differentially expressed (DEGs) among contrasting genotypes IR 64 N 22 for drought tolerance RT‐PCR studies providing stress treatment during panicle initiation stage. this investigation, we predicted 11 as QTLs. Out these, four found responsible effect regions such QTL‐Qsn‐4b, QTL‐rn7a, QTL‐Qtgw‐2a QTL‐phc4.1 prioritized candidates identified that leaf tissues. Only belong two QTLs, primer vg0712623096 from QTL‐rn7a (LOC_Os07g22450) located on chromosome‐7 encoding NAC domain‐containing protein vg0431750843(LOC_Os04g53310) soluble starch synthase 3‐ chloroplast precursor, vg0432626757 (LOC_Os04g54850) pectin acetylesterase vg0433031562 (LOC_Os04g55520) AP2 protein, chromosome‐4 higher differential comparison with per 2 –ΔΔCt values. Considering overall these primers/genes genomic governing tolerance. Therefore, could be focussed further functional exploit breeding.

Language: Английский

---

Genetically Modified Crops: A Pivotal Endeavor in Biotechnology

IntechOpen eBooks, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 19, 2024

Transgenic technology has significantly contributed to the genetic improvement of crop plants by improving important agronomic traits like insect/pest resistance, disease herbicide tolerance, abiotic stress and quality improvement. Conventional breeding programs are time consuming laborious involving screening thousands progenies for development a new hybrid variety. Genetic engineering is precise tool develop variety in short duration. Genetically Modified Crops have been used expression recombinant proteins high therapeutic value, monoclonal antibodies, nutraceuticals, edible vaccines, improved saccharification efficiency biofuel crops bioethanol production. The agricultural productivity limited global climate changes unfavorable biotic factors posing challenges scientists meet rising demand food supply. Developing climate-resilient will bring more land under agriculture vegetation carbon sequestration thereby annulling warming. This chapter provides an insight into principles, advantages, limitations methods transformation advancements genome editing, Crops, potential applications transgenic biopharming production, biosafety regulation crops, Crops.

Language: Английский

---

Biggest of tinies: natural variation in seed size and mineral distribution in the ancient crop tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter]

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Dec. 12, 2024

Tef [ Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] is the major staple crop for millions of people in Ethiopia and Eritrea believed to have been domesticated several thousand years ago. has smallest grains all cereals, which directly impacts its productivity presents numerous challenges cultivation. In this study, we assessed natural variation seed size 189 11 accessions wild progenitor Indian lovegrass ( pilosa (L.) P. Beauv.) explored mineral distribution representative accessions. Our findings revealed significant concentration among both E. We observed length, width, area spp. analyzed. Using species, also found 1000-grain weight. The attributes prompted us use comparative genomics identify regulating genes based on well-studied closely related monocot cereal rice Oryza sativa (L.)]. approach, identified putative orthologous genome that belong a number key pathways known regulate rice. Phylogenetic analysis orthologs ubiquitin-proteasome, G-protein, MAPK, brassinosteroid (BR)-family indicate similarity other cereals. Because be more nutrient-dense than common cereals such as rice, wheat, maize, studied selected using ICP-OES their within seeds synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence (SXRF) microscopy. showed This study highlights attributes, concentration, distribution, while establishing basis understanding genetic mechanisms these traits. hope our will lead better evolution at level development elite cultivars improve size, yield, quality grains.

Language: Английский

---

Correction: Comprehensive in silico analysis of the underutilized crop tef (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter) genome reveals drought tolerance signatures

BMC Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: Nov. 15, 2023

Language: Английский

---