Phenotypic Plasticity and Stability in Plants: Genetic Mechanisms, Environmental Adaptation, Evolutionary Implications, and Future Directions DOI

Peigang Li,

Zhenghong An,

Nan Xu

et al.

Plant Cell & Environment, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 18, 2025

ABSTRACT The phenotypic display, survival, and reproduction of organisms depend on genotype–environment interactions that drive development, evolution, diversity. Biological systems exhibit two basic but paradoxical features contribute to developmental robustness: plasticity stability. However, the understanding these concepts remains ambiguous. morphology structure plant reproductive organs—flowers fruits—exhibit substantial stability display a certain level under environmental changes, thus representing promising for study how jointly govern development evolution. Beyond genes underlying organ formation, may maintain induce plasticity. Variations in relevant can repatterning, thereby altering or light temperature fluctuations, which often affects fitness. regulation robustness vegetative organs involves transcriptional post‐transcriptional regulation, epigenetics, phase separation; however, mechanisms flowering plants remain poorly investigated. Moreover, specifically determine have rarely been cloned. This review clarifies attributes further proposes potential avenues paradigm investigate elucidate adapt thrive diverse environments, is crucial design genetically modified crops.

Language: Английский

Phenotypic Plasticity and Stability in Plants: Genetic Mechanisms, Environmental Adaptation, Evolutionary Implications, and Future Directions DOI

Peigang Li,

Zhenghong An,

Nan Xu

et al.

Plant Cell & Environment, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 18, 2025

ABSTRACT The phenotypic display, survival, and reproduction of organisms depend on genotype–environment interactions that drive development, evolution, diversity. Biological systems exhibit two basic but paradoxical features contribute to developmental robustness: plasticity stability. However, the understanding these concepts remains ambiguous. morphology structure plant reproductive organs—flowers fruits—exhibit substantial stability display a certain level under environmental changes, thus representing promising for study how jointly govern development evolution. Beyond genes underlying organ formation, may maintain induce plasticity. Variations in relevant can repatterning, thereby altering or light temperature fluctuations, which often affects fitness. regulation robustness vegetative organs involves transcriptional post‐transcriptional regulation, epigenetics, phase separation; however, mechanisms flowering plants remain poorly investigated. Moreover, specifically determine have rarely been cloned. This review clarifies attributes further proposes potential avenues paradigm investigate elucidate adapt thrive diverse environments, is crucial design genetically modified crops.

Language: Английский

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