Integrated assessment of computed tomography density in pectoralis and erector spinae muscles as a prognostic biomarker for coronavirus disease 2019

Clinical Nutrition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 43(3), P. 815 - 824

Published: Feb. 5, 2024

Language: Английский

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Characteristics and clinical effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination in hospitalized patients in Omicron-dominated epidemic wave – a nationwide study in Japan

International Journal of Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 132, P. 84 - 88

Published: April 22, 2023

COVID-19 was severe in the Delta variant-dominated epidemic wave (fifth wave) Japan. The clinical characteristics and effectiveness of vaccination are not fully understood Omicron (sixth seventh waves), especially hospitalized patients. We investigated relationship between disease severity Omicron-dominated compared these waves.The nationwide database (Japan Task Force) used to compare critical outcomes patients with (fifth, N = 735) vs waves (sixth, 495; seventh, 128).Patients sixth had a lower incidence respiratory outcomes, higher bacterial infection, although mortality rate did differ significantly waves. In waves, 138 (27.9%) 29 (22.7%) were unvaccinated, respectively. Multivariable analysis adjusted previously reported factors revealed that proportion (1) (2) decreased frequency-dependent manner. Thus, (the number vaccinations): 1-2 times: odds ratio (aOR) 0.37 (95% confidence interval [CI]; 0.20-0.69); 3-4 aOR 0.25 CI; 0.11-0.58); 0.43 0.27-0.66); 0.36 0.21-0.60).Patients infections showed than those infections, may contribute preventing failure.

Language: Английский

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Changes in the place of death before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(2), P. e0299700 - e0299700

Published: Feb. 28, 2024

Background In the global aging, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may have affected place of death (PoD) in Japan, where hospital deaths dominated for decades. We analyzed PoD trends before and during COVID-19 Japan. Methods This nationwide observational study used vital statistics based on certificates from Japan between 1951 2021. The proportion PoD; at home, hospitals, nursing homes; annual percentage change (APC) were estimated using joinpoint regression analysis. Analyses stratified by age groups causes death. Results After 2019, home exhibited upward trends, while turned into downward trends. By age, no significant trend was seen 0–19 group, decreased 20–64 group 2019. ≥65 significantly increased since with an APC 12.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.0 to 15.7), their −4.0% CI: −4.9 −3.1) 2019−2021. cause death, due cancer old 29.3% 25.4 33.2) 8.8% 5.5 12.2), respectively. Conclusion has shifted majority whom older population or age.

Language: Английский

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CT-derived vertebral bone mineral density is a useful biomarker to predict COVID-19 outcome

Bone, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 184, P. 117095 - 117095

Published: April 8, 2024

Language: Английский

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Coronary Artery Calcification on Chest Computed Tomography as a Predictor of Cardiovascular Adverse Events in Patients With COVID-19 ― A Multicenter Retrospective Study in Japan ―

Circulation Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

Coronary artery calcification (CAC) detected through chest computed tomography (CT) strongly predicts cardiovascular events in asymptomatic individuals undergoing primary prevention. Few studies with limited sample sizes have investigated the predictive value of CAC for complications COVID-19. This study examined impact on using a large-scale COVID-19 database. multicenter retrospective cohort used data from Japan Task Force After exclusion based missing information, 1,109 patients were included. The Agatston score was to evaluate CAC, dividing population into 3 groups degree (no, moderate, and severe CAC). outcome complications; secondary critical outcomes. group had higher rate than other groups. Multivariable analysis, considering severity factors, identified as independently associated but not Subgroup analysis revealed that, without hypertension, diabetes, disease, or chronic kidney significantly correlated complications, whereas this association observed these underlying conditions. Patients increased identifying pulmonary findings CT is essential. Measuring via non-electrocardiogram-gated helps predict patient risk.

Language: Английский

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Erector Spinae Muscle to Epicardial Visceral Fat Ratio on Chest CT Predicts the Severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019

Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Jan. 27, 2025

ABSTRACT Background Chest computed tomography (CT) is a valuable tool for diagnosing and predicting the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) assessing extrapulmonary organs. Reduced muscle mass visceral fat accumulation are important features body composition phenotype in which obesity loss coexist, but their relationship with COVID‐19 outcomes remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate association between erector spinae (ESM) epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) ratio (ESM/EAT) on chest CT patients COVID‐19. Methods We analysed data from 1074 enrolled Japan Task Force database. The primary outcome was rate critical (requiring high‐flow oxygen therapy, invasive ventilator support or death). incidence compared high low ESM/EAT ratios. Results group ( n = 353) had higher (13.3% vs. 5.13%, p < 0.001) mortality (2.55% 0.69%, 0.019) than 721). multivariable analysis, associated (adjusted odds [aOR] 2.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.22–3.66) independently known factors including age, sex, index (BMI), smoking history, lifestyle‐related comorbidities pneumonia volume. Conclusion can be obtained used predict after onset, demonstrating importance detailed assessments practice.

Language: Английский

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Predicting coronavirus disease 2019 severity using explainable artificial intelligence techniques

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: March 19, 2025

Predictive models for determining coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity have been established; however, the complexity of interactions among factors limits use conventional statistical methods. This study aimed to establish a simple and accurate predictive model COVID-19 using an explainable machine learning approach. A total 3,301 patients ≥ 18 years diagnosed with between February 2020 October 2022 were included. The discovery cohort comprised whose onset fell before 1, (N = 1,023), validation remaining 2,278). Pointwise linear logistic regression used extract 41 features. Reinforcement was generate high accuracy. primary evaluation area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). achieved AUC 0.905 four features: serum albumin levels, lactate dehydrogenase age, neutrophil count. highest value 0.906 (sensitivity, 0.842; specificity, 0.811) in 0.861 0.804; 0.675) cohort. Simple well-structured established, which may aid patient management selection therapeutic interventions.

Language: Английский

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Pulmonary function and chest CT abnormalities 3 months after discharge from COVID-19, 2020–2021: A nation-wide multicenter prospective cohort study from the Japanese respiratory society

Respiratory Investigation, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 62(4), P. 572 - 579

Published: April 25, 2024

Language: Английский

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Association between vaccination status and severe health consequences among community-dwelling COVID-19 patients during Omicron BA.1/BA.2 and BA.5-predominant periods in Japan

Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(0), P. 35 - 35

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Many previous studies have reported that COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness decreased over time and declined with newly emerging variants. However, there are few such in Japan. Using data from a community-based retrospective study, we aimed to assess the association between vaccination status severe outcomes caused by Omicron variant, considering length of since last dose.We included all persons aged ≥12 diagnosed doctor notified Chuwa Public Health Center Nara Prefectural Government during BA.1/BA.2 BA.5-predominant periods Japan (January 1 September 25, 2022). The outcome variable was health consequences (SHC) (i.e., COVID-19-related hospitalization or death). explanatory individuals number vaccinations dose). Covariates gender, age, risk factors for aggravation, hospital beds per population. generalized estimating equations multivariable Poisson regression models, estimated cumulative incidence ratio (CIR) 95% confidence interval (CI) SHC, stratified analyses period (BA.1/BA.2 BA.5) age (65 older 12-64 years).Of 69,827 participants, 2,224 (3.2%) had 12,154 (17.4%) were unvaccinated, 29,032 (41.6%) received ≥3 doses. Regardless significant dose-response relationship which adjusted CIR SHC an increased longer vaccination. On one hand, BA.5 period, those ≥175 days after third dose no difference people 65 (CIR 0.77; CI, 0.53-1.12), but significantly lower 0.47; 0.26-0.84), compared ≥14 second dose.A higher associated against both sublineages. Our findings suggest increasing doses can prevent outcomes, biannual is recommended people.

Language: Английский

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Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults with COVID‐19 requiring mechanical ventilation: A retrospective cohort study

Acute Medicine & Surgery, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults (MIS-A) is a hyperinflammatory multisystem condition associated with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Critically ill COVID-19 patients may develop multiorgan damage and elevated responses, thus making it difficult to differentiate between progression organ due itself or MIS-A. This study aimed explore the characteristics complications of MIS-A critical patients.

Language: Английский

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