Tumor-associated macrophages and CD8+ T cells: dual players in the pathogenesis of HBV-related HCC

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Oct. 10, 2024

HBV infection is a key risk factor for the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), highly invasive tumor, characterized by its persistent immunosuppressive microenvironment. This review provides an in-depth analysis HBV-related HCC explores interactions between neutrophils, natural killer cells, dendritic examining their roles in regulating tumor-associated macrophages CD8+ T cells shaping tumor Two critical players milieu are (TAMs). The study how TAMs, initially recruited to combat infection, transform, adopting tumor-promoting phenotype, turning against body, promoting cell proliferation, suppressing anti-tumor immunity, assisting spread cancer. Meanwhile, crucial controlling become dysfunctional exhausted response chronic viral inflammation. then dissects TAMs manipulate this immune response, further depleting functions through mechanisms like arginine deprivation creating hypoxic environments that lead exhaustion. Finally, it challenges promising therapeutic avenues target either separately or combination with antiviral therapy personalized medicine approaches, offering hope improved outcomes HCC.

Language: Английский

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Unraveling the potential mechanism and prognostic value of pentose phosphate pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma: a comprehensive analysis integrating bulk transcriptomics and single-cell sequencing data

Functional & Integrative Genomics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: Jan. 11, 2025

Language: Английский

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Artificial intelligence-driven integration of single-cell RNA sequencing and transcriptome analysis to decipher APOE’s role in gastric cancer prognosis and therapy

Discover Oncology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: March 13, 2025

Gastric cancer (GC) remains a global health challenge due to its high mortality rate and the lack of specific diagnostic methods. Tumor heterogeneity significantly hinders effective treatment, necessitating advanced techniques dissect complexity. Artificial intelligence (AI) offers transformative potential in uncovering intricate cellular dynamics gene regulatory networks. This study leverages single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) combined with transcriptome analysis, enhanced by AI-driven analytics, explore tumor microenvironment identify novel prognostic markers therapeutic targets GC. scRNA-seq datasets GC patients were analyzed using AI-enhanced methodologies unravel microenvironmental dynamics. Macrophage subsets identified as critical components within microenvironment. High-variance screening these pinpointed apolipoprotein E (APOE) hub gene. Experimental validation APOE expression samples functional studies cell lines conducted. Bioinformatics AI-enabled analyses confirmed immunosuppressive role An immune-related survival model was developed predict immunotherapy responses patient prognoses. Mechanistically, found induce immunosuppression through M2 macrophage polarization, promoting progression leading poorer outcomes patients. highlights approaches elucidating progression. APOE's effects on macrophages underscore value marker target, paving way for precision medicine management.

Language: Английский

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Current Advancements in Serum Protein Biomarkers for Hepatitis B Virus‐Associated Hepatocyte Remodeling and Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Immunity Inflammation and Disease, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(4)

Published: April 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐related liver cancer is the third most common cause of cancer‐related death globally. Hepatocyte remodeling, also known as hepatocyte transformation and immortalization, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), are brought on by persistent inflammation caused HBV in host hepatocytes. One main concerns perspective HBV‐induced remodeling accurately identifying stages to maximize early screening detection. Biological signatures have a significant impact solving this problem. Objective This review article aimed discuss novel serum protein biomarkers for HCC. Methods The information was collected from various peer‐reviewed journals through electronic searches utilizing search engines, including PubMed, Google Scholar, HINARI, Cochrane Library 2017 2024. Keywords included “serum HBV‐HCC,” “blood‐based “viral HBV‐HCC.” Results Recently, been discovered diagnosis, treatment, prognosis hepatic cell HCC proteomic data sets. We discussed recent literature clinical utility diagnosis forecasting HBV‐associated HCC, golgi 73 (GP73), glypican‐3 (GPC3), midkine (MDK), des‐γ‐carboxy‐prothrombin (DCP), von Willebrand factor (vWF), pentraxin 3 (PTX3), pseudouridine synthases 7 (PUSs 7), squamous antigen (SCCA), osteopontin (OPN). Conclusion All these markers exhibit survival HBV‐related patients, proliferation, migration, antiapoptosis, mitogenesis, transformation, angiogenesis HBV‐infected

Language: Английский

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T-Cell Dynamics Predicts Prognosis of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Receiving Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(20), P. 10958 - 10958

Published: Oct. 11, 2024

Atezolizumab and bevacizumab show promise for treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but identifying responsive patients remains challenging, due to tumor heterogeneity. This study explores immune dynamics following this combination therapy. Between 2020 2023, 29 with advanced HCC who received atezolizumab plus at Severance Hospital, Seoul, were enrolled in study. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells analyzed using flow cytometry statistical methods assess alterations identify biomarkers. Baseline characteristics showed a diverse cohort mean age of 64 years 82.8% male predominance. Absence extrahepatic metastasis was associated better overall survival. Immune responses revealed distinct CD4

Language: Английский

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