Oral Sciences Reports,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
44(3), P. 54 - 76
Published: Nov. 16, 2023
The
determination
of
an
individual's
age
assumes
paramount
significance
in
forensic
and
legal
contexts,
necessitating
the
utilization
diverse
techniques.
Dental
radiography
emerges
as
a
non-invasive
approach
for
determining
age-related
dental
changes.
This
method
grants
comprehensive
analysis
various
features
to
identify
individual’s
precise
age,
place
them
within
designated
ranges,
or
define
whether
they
exceed
subordinate
specific
thresholds.
review
summarizes
estimation
methodologies
using
conducts
investigations
into
contemporary
trends
by
reviewing
relevant
studies
published
Pubmed
between
2020
2023.
Age
categorization
delineates
three
distinct
phases:
pre-natal,
neo-natal,
post-natal;
childhood
adolescence;
adulthood.
Panoramic
becomes
predominant
radiographic
modality,
with
Demirjian
is
more
commonly
known
initial
two
phases.
In
contrast,
adulthood
relies
on
anatomical
Significantly,
artificial
intelligence
(AI)
technology
has
recently
attracted
attention
estimation,
yielding
promising
results.
AI
demonstrates
potential
enhance
accuracy
conventional
methodologies,
diminishing
human
errors
mitigating
associated
workload
burdens,
offering
inventive
ground
future
advancements.
Diagnostics,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(11), P. 1079 - 1079
Published: May 22, 2024
Automatic
age
estimation
has
garnered
significant
interest
among
researchers
because
of
its
potential
practical
uses.
The
current
systematic
review
was
undertaken
to
critically
appraise
developments
and
performance
AI
models
designed
for
automated
using
dento-maxillofacial
radiographic
images.
In
order
ensure
consistency
in
their
approach,
the
followed
diagnostic
test
accuracy
guidelines
outlined
PRISMA-DTA
this
review.
They
conducted
an
electronic
search
across
various
databases
such
as
PubMed,
Scopus,
Embase,
Cochrane,
Web
Science,
Google
Scholar,
Saudi
Digital
Library
identify
relevant
articles
published
between
years
2000
2024.
A
total
26
that
satisfied
inclusion
criteria
were
subjected
a
risk
bias
assessment
QUADAS-2,
which
revealed
flawless
both
arms
patient-selection
domain.
Additionally,
certainty
evidence
evaluated
GRADE
approach.
technology
primarily
been
utilized
through
tooth
development
stages,
bone
parameters,
measurements,
pulp–tooth
ratio.
employed
studies
achieved
remarkably
high
precision
99.05%
99.98%
stages
respectively.
application
additional
tool
within
realm
demonstrates
promise.
BMC Oral Health,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
24(1)
Published: April 6, 2024
Abstract
Background
Dental
development
assessment
is
an
important
factor
in
dental
age
estimation
and
maturity
evaluation.
This
study
aimed
to
develop
evaluate
the
performance
of
automated
staging
system
based
on
Demirjian’s
method
using
deep
learning.
Methods
The
included
5133
anonymous
panoramic
radiographs
obtained
from
Department
Pediatric
Dentistry
database
at
Seoul
National
University
Hospital
between
2020
2021.
proposed
methodology
involves
a
three-step
procedure
for
staging:
detection,
segmentation,
classification.
data
were
randomly
divided
into
training
validating
sets
(8:2),
YOLOv5,
U-Net,
EfficientNet
trained
employed
each
stage.
models’
performance,
along
with
Grad-CAM
analysis
EfficientNet,
was
evaluated.
Results
mean
average
precision
(mAP)
0.995
segmentation
achieved
accuracy
0.978.
classification
showed
F1
scores
69.23,
80.67,
84.97,
90.81
Incisor,
Canine,
Premolar,
Molar
models,
respectively.
In
analysis,
model
focused
apical
portion
developing
tooth,
crucial
feature
according
method.
Conclusions
These
results
indicate
that
learning
approach
can
serve
as
supportive
tool
dentists,
facilitating
rapid
objective
IntechOpen eBooks,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Feb. 28, 2025
Over
the
past
two
decades,
artificial
intelligence
(AI)
and
machine
learning
(ML)
have
undergone
significant
progress.
With
advances
in
digital
technology
new
possibilities
emerged
to
improve
orthodontic
diagnosis
process.
AI
makes
it
possible
create
a
virtual
patient
by
assembling
all
of
patient’s
clinical
data.
This
is
applied
identify
cephalometric
landmarks,
analyze
CBCT
determine
degree
maturation
biological
age.
Thanks
AI,
certain
diagnoses
are
increasingly
simple
develop,
namely
assessment
upper
airways,
analysis
temporomandibular
joints
TMJ
others.
enables
more
precise
analysis,
efficient
planning
thus
improved
treatment
results.
Artificial
offers
many
opportunities
diagnosis.
However,
must
be
used
as
decision
support
tool;
expertise
human
evaluation
remain
essential
make
informed
decisions
regarding
treatment.
chapter
highlights
different
applications
for
while
assessing
accuracy
efficiency
this
technology.
Research Square (Research Square),
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: April 3, 2025
Abstract
Background
A
practical
utilization
of
Machine
Learning
in
Forensic
Odontology
is
yet
underexplored,
especially
the
field
Age
Estimation.
Estimation
essential
legal
proceedings
to
protect
rights
individuals
without
proper
documentation,
whether
for
seeking
asylum
or
when
caring
a
found
child.
This
study
aimed
utilize
VGG16
model
read,
analyze,
and
provide
classification
tooth
development
stages
third
molars.
Specifically,
molars
38
48
were
used
classify
into
age
groups
based
on
thresholds
16,
18,
21
years
old.
The
goal
was
compare
accuracy
traditional
estimation
methods
established
by
Demirjian,
Moorrees,
Funning,
Hunt,
with
CNN-based
approach.
Method
total
sample
876
orthopantomograms
(OPGs)
from
Portuguese
population
collected
ULS
Hospital
Santa
Maria,
University
Lisbon.
comprised
447
OPGs
male
patients
429
female
patients,
aged
10
25
calculated
manually
using
Demirjian
Moorrees.
Furthermore,
we
trained
stages,
afterwards
evaluated
through
overall
accuracy,
recall,
precision,
F-Score.
Results
provided
excellent
results
cropped
images
only
(38
48)
captured
very
well
patterns
features
so
obtained
more
than
90%.
However,
analyze
Hunt
faced
some
limitations
due
insufficient
OPGs.
Conclusion
teeth
demonstrated
promising
high
degree
accuracy.
limited
size
constrained
model's
ability
effectively
differentiate
between
numerous
development.
To
enhance
reliability,
larger
diverse
dataset
necessary
better
capture
nuances
each
developmental
stage.
Forensic Science International Reports,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
8, P. 100330 - 100330
Published: July 31, 2023
Tooth
development
and
eruption
are
widely
used
in
assessing
dental
age
estimation,
one
of
the
methods
using
tooth
is
Foti's
method.
However,
population
original
study
was
French.
Therefore,
aim
this
to
test
accuracy
four
estimation
regression
models
against
East
London
population,
mainly
Bangladeshi
Caucasion
ethnicity.
These
count
number
erupted
teeth
germs
a
radiograph
(Foti
1),
absence
2),
maxillary
3)
mandibular
4).
The
sample
archived
panoramic
radiographs
754
healthy
patients
aged
6-20
years
(380
males
374
females).
difference
between
chronological
ages
tested
t-test.
mean
absolute
also
calculated
for
all
models.
most
accurate
method
defined
as
smallest
difference,
standard
deviation
(SD)
ages.
Foti
model
2
with
0.11
year
(SD
1.70
year)
1.33
years.
Models
3
(maxillary
teeth)
4
(mandibular
were
marginally
less
accurate,
whilst
1
(radiograph)
over-estimated
on
average
by
more
than
5
Our
findings
show
that
estimating
erupting
(least
bias).
Forensic
dental
age
estimation
based
on
panoramic
radiographs
(orthopantomogram,
OPG)
is
commonly
used
to
assess
the
of
children
and
young
adolescents.
Recent
advances
in
deep
learning
techniques
have
shown
that
it
possible
accurately
determine
individual
from
these
OPG
images.
Traditionally,
sex
has
been
considered
a
predictive
parameter
for
estimation.
Surprisingly,
most
studies
not
included
as
feature
their
models.
This
study
aims
investigate
impact
including
models
estimating
age.
Two
learning-based
methods
were
developed
compared:
first
method
only
image
input,
while
second
integrated
both
information.
Our
dataset
1734
images
Thai
population
aged
between
8
23
years,
along
with
corresponding
chronological
sex.
A
pretrained
EfficientNet-B0,
convolutional
neural
network
model,
was
estimate
results
indicate
there
no
statistical
difference
error
groups
15
years
when
comparing
two
methods.
However,
individuals
using
information
resulted
statistically
lower
compared
image.
mean
absolute
(MAE)
11
days,
which
might
be
clinically
insignificant.
finding
suggests
development
model
could
accomplished
one
input
without
significantly
affecting
accuracy.