Immunity & Ageing, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(1)
Published: Oct. 15, 2024
Older persons elicit heterogeneous antibody responses to vaccinations that generally are lower than those in younger, healthier individuals. As older age and certain comorbidities can influence these we aimed identify health-related variables associated with after repeated SARS-CoV-2 their persistence thereafter infection-naïve previously infected persons.
Language: Английский
Viruses, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. 906 - 906
Published: March 31, 2023
Differences in SARS-CoV-2-specific immune responses have been observed between individuals following natural infection or vaccination. In addition to already known factors, such as age, sex, COVID-19 severity, comorbidity, vaccination status, hybrid immunity, and duration of infection, inter-individual variations SARS-CoV-2 may, part, be explained by structural differences brought about genetic variation the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules responsible for presentation antigens T effector cells. While dendritic cells present peptides with HLA class I CD8+ induce cytotoxic lymphocyte (CTLs), they II follicular helper B cell differentiation followed memory plasma maturation. Plasma then produce antibodies. Here, we review published data linking polymorphisms antibody responses. there is evidence that heterogeneity response might related variation, are conflicting findings due part study designs. We provide insight into why more research needed this area. Elucidating basis variability will help optimize diagnostic tools lead development new vaccines therapeutics against other infectious diseases.
Language: Английский
Citations
16
JCI Insight, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(15)
Published: June 20, 2023
Antibodies capable of neutralising SARS-CoV-2 are well studied, but Fc receptor-dependent antibody activities that can also significantly impact the course infection have not been studied in such depth. As most vaccines induce only anti-spike antibodies, here we investigated spike-specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Vaccination produced antibodies weakly induced ADCC, however, from individuals who were infected prior to vaccination ('hybrid' immunity) elicited strong ADCC. Quantitative and qualitative aspects humoral immunity contributed this capability, with skewing IgG production towards S2, S1 hybrid evoking responses against both domains. targeting spike domains support NK cell activation, three regions reactivity outside receptor-binding domain (RBD) corresponding potent Consequently, ADCC by ancestral antigen was conserved variants containing neutralisation escape mutations RBD. Induction recognising a broad range epitopes eliciting durable may partially explain why provides superior protection disease than alone, demonstrates spike-only subunit would benefit strategies combined anti-S1 S2 responses.
Language: Английский
Citations
13
Environmental Health Perspectives, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 131(4)
Published: April 1, 2023
BACKGROUND: Ambient air pollution has been associated with COVID-19 disease severity and antibody response induced by infection.OBJECTIVES: We examined the association between long-term exposure to vaccine-induced response.METHODS: This study was nested in an ongoing population-based cohort, COVICAT, GCAT-Genomes for Life Catalonia, Spain, multiple follow-ups.We drew blood samples 2021 from 1,090 participants of 2,404 who provided 2020, we included 927 this analysis.We measured immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgG, IgA antibodies against five viral-target antigens, including receptor-binding domain (RBD), spike-protein (S), segment (S2) triggered vaccines available Spain.We estimated prepandemic (2018-2019) fine particulate matter [PM ≤2:5 lm aerodynamic diameter (PM 2:5 )], nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), black carbon (BC), ozone (O 3 ) using Effects Low-Level Air Pollution: A Study Europe (ELAPSE) models.We adjusted estimates individual-and area-level covariates, time since vaccination, vaccine doses type stratified infection status.We used generalized additive models explore relationship according days vaccination.RESULTS: Among vaccinated persons not infected SARS-CoV-2 (n = 632), higher levels were a lower IgM (1 month post vaccination) IgG.Percentage change geometric mean IgG per interquartile range PM (1:7 lg=m -8:1 (95% CI: -15:9, 0.4) RBD, -9:9 (-16:2, -3:1) S, -8:4 (-13:5, -3:0) S2.We observed similar pattern NO BC inverse O .Differences persisted vaccination.We did observe among prior 295).DISCUSSION: Exposure response.The implications on risk breakthrough infections require further investigation.
Language: Английский
Citations
11
Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 19(1)
Published: Jan. 1, 2025
ABSTRACT Introduction The aim of the study was to assess seroprevalence SARS‐CoV‐2 in Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, after five waves COVID‐19 1 year introduction vaccination better understand true extent pandemic population Srpska role achieving herd immunity. Methods population‐based conducted from December 2021 February 2022 a group 4463 individuals Srpska. Total anti–SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies were determined serum specimens using Wantai total antibody ELISA assay. Quantitative analysis, Kantaro IgG assays, performed subsamples (1273 specimens) asses compare levels among vaccinated, recovered participants with hybrid To adjust for age gender distribution sample, poststratification method is applied. Results overall cumulative 94.6% (95% CI = 93.9–95.3). Significantly higher rates observed vaccinated 97.8% 97.3–98.4) comparing unvaccinated (89.5%, 95% 88.0–91.0). Seroprevalence increases number received doses. Among various professions, highest found service industry (98.1%), education (98.0%) healthcare (96.9%). We that 2.2% 3.6% positivity during had no detectable antibodies. Both (98.6%) titres (1094.4 AU/mL) significantly people Conclusion Our findings reveal 2.3‐fold increase due infection vaccination, first earlier. This provides understanding transmission highlights important Periodically studies are temporal trends surveillance system performance public compliance policies.
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Viruses, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(3), P. 378 - 378
Published: March 6, 2025
It is essential to comprehend the humoral immune response severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its vaccines maximize effectiveness of anti-SARSCoV-2 community immunization efforts. The aim this cross-sectional study was determine seroprevalence anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG among newcomer students at Kafr Elsheikh University in Egypt, whether they had been vaccinated or not. Blood samples from 400 healthy (200 non-vaccinated 200 vaccinated) were evaluated for presence using colloidal gold immunochromatography lateral flow immunoassay cards, then results confirmed by specific ELISA tests. prevalence antibodies participants (n = 400) 56.3% IgG 13.3% IgM. Regarding participants, 55.0% females, mean age 18.2 years, BMI 25.35. 58.5% 18.1 25.3. There statistically non-significant correlations (p ˃ 0.05) between gender, BMI, each IgM- IgG-positivity both groups. In total, 41.5% 48.5% IgM-positive IgG-positive non-vaccinated, respectively. Furthermore, 51.5% vaccinated, No significant association immunoglobulins positivity immunological nonsmokers, people who exercise regularly, those take vitamin supplements, eat a balanced diet, use certain herbs noteworthy. Among subjects, 96.6%, 25.0%, 31.9%, 45.7%, 7.8% group, versus 97.2%, 60.6%, 64.2%, 52.3%, 6.4% exercisers, taking eating herbs, 93.5%, 32.3%, 35.5%, 48.4%, 6.5% 100.0%, 63.6%, 81.8%, 45.5%, 4.5% physical supplement users, eaters, herbalists, Persons are free comorbidities, young, non-obese, non-smokers, engage exercise, vitamins, immunostimulant herbal all have strong response, even if not vaccinated. During pandemics, vaccination group should be priority preserve vaccine doses high-risk vulnerable people. Even there lockdown during an anticipated future epidemic pandemic, we prioritize lifestyle choices, along with increasing activity.
Language: Английский
Citations
0
BMC Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 23(1)
Published: March 14, 2025
Long-COVID has mostly been investigated in clinical settings. We aimed to assess the risk, subtypes, persistence, and determinants of long-COVID a prospective population-based study adults with history SARS-CoV-2 infection Catalonia. examined 2764 infected individuals from cohort (COVICAT) established before pandemic followed up three times across (2020, 2021, 2023). assessed immunoglobulin (Ig)G levels against SARS-CoV-2, clinical, vaccination, sociodemographic, lifestyle factors. risk subtypes were defined based on participant-reported symptoms electronic health records. identified total 647 cases compared them 2117 without condition. Between 2021 2023, 23% subjects developed symptoms. In 56% persisted for 2 years. presented clinically mild neuromuscular, respiratory, severe multi-organ. The latter was associated persistent long-COVID. Risk higher among females, participants under 50 years, low socioeconomic status, COVID-19 infection, elevated pre-vaccination IgG levels, obesity, prior chronic disease, particularly asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease mental conditions. A lower pre-infection after omicron became dominant variant, physical activity sleeping 6–8 h. Vaccination during 3 months post-infection also protective years half cases, influenced by multiple
Language: Английский
Citations
0
Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(1), P. 191 - 191
Published: Jan. 12, 2023
The recent emergence of a number new SARS-CoV-2 variants resulting from recombination between two distinct parental lineages or sub-lineages within the same lineage has sparked debate regarding potential enhanced viral infectivity and immune escape. Among these, XBB, recombinant BA.2.10 BA.2.75, caused major concern in some countries due to its rapid increase prevalence. In this study, we tested XBB escape capacity mRNA-vaccine-induced (BNT162b2) neutralising antibodies compared B.1 ancestral another co-circulating variant (B.1.1.529 BA.5) by analysing sera collected 30 days after second dose 92 healthcare workers. Our data highlighted an statistically significant ability recombinant. Although these are preliminary results, study highlights importance monitoring forthcoming reformulation existing vaccines.
Language: Английский
Citations
8
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(8), P. 7292 - 7292
Published: April 14, 2023
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) impacted healthcare, workforce, and worldwide socioeconomics. Multi-dose mono- or bivalent mRNA vaccine regimens have shown high efficacy in protection against SARS-CoV-2 its emerging variants with varying degrees of efficacy. Amino acid changes, primarily receptor-binding domain (RBD), result selection for viral infectivity, disease severity, immune evasion. Therefore, many studies centered around neutralizing antibodies that target RBD their generation achieved through infection vaccination. Here, we conducted a unique longitudinal study, analyzing effects three-dose regimen exclusively using monovalent BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech) vaccine, systematically administered to nine previously uninfected (naïve) individuals. We compare changes humoral antibody responses across entire spike glycoprotein (S) high-throughput phage display technique (VirScan). Our data demonstrate two doses vaccination alone can achieve broadest highest magnitudes anti-S response. Moreover, present evidence novel highly boosted non-RBD epitopes strongly correlate neutralization recapitulate independent findings. These vaccine-boosted could facilitate multi-valent development drug discovery.
Language: Английский
Citations
7
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 157, P. 102991 - 102991
Published: Sept. 30, 2024
Language: Английский
Citations
2
Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14
Published: Feb. 13, 2023
Introduction While antibodies raised by SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines have had compromised efficacy to prevent breakthrough infections due both limited durability and spike sequence variation, the remained highly protective against severe illness. This protection is mediated through cellular immunity, particularly CD8+ T cells, lasts at least a few months. Although several studies documented rapidly waning levels of vaccine-elicited antibodies, kinetics cell responses not been well defined. Methods Interferon (IFN)-γ enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISpot) assay intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) were utilized assess immune (in isolated cells or whole peripheral blood mononuclear PBMCs) pooled peptides spanning spike. ELISA was performed quantitate serum receptor binding domain (RBD). Results In two persons receiving primary vaccination, tightly serially evaluated frequencies anti-spike using ELISpot assays revealed strikingly short-lived responses, peaking after about 10 days becoming undetectable 20 each dose. pattern also observed in cross-sectional analyses first second doses during vaccination with vaccines. contrast, analysis COVID-19-recovered same showed persisting most 45 symptom onset. Cross-sectional IFN-γ ICS PBMCs from 13 235 demonstrated soon extended observation include CD4+ cells. However, culturing mRNA-1273 vaccine vitro that readily detectable out vaccination. Discussion Overall, we find detection spike-targeted typical remarkably transient, which may be function platform an intrinsic property protein as target. robust memory, capacity for rapid expansion responding spike, maintained months consistent clinical illness lasting The level such memory responsiveness required remains
Language: Английский
Citations
6