Tumor-associated macrophages: an accomplice in solid tumor progression

Journal of Biomedical Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 26(1)

Published: Oct. 19, 2019

In many solid tumor types, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are important components of the microenvironment (TME). Moreover, TAMs infiltration is strongly associated with poor survival in patients. this review, we describe origins and their polarization state dictated by TME. We also specifically focus on role promoting growth, enhancing cancer cells resistance to chemotherapy radiotherapy, angiogenesis, inducing migration invasion metastasis, activating immunosuppression. addition, discuss can be used as therapeutic targets clinics. The strategies include clearing inhibiting activation TAMs, macrophage phagocytic activity, limiting monocyte recruitment other targeted therapies.

Language: Английский

---

Cancer Stem Cells—Origins and Biomarkers: Perspectives for Targeted Personalized Therapies

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Aug. 7, 2020

The use of biomarkers in diagnosis, therapy and prognosis has gained increasing interest over the last decades. In particular, analysis cancer patients within pre- post-therapeutic period is required to identify several types cells, which carry a risk for disease progression subsequent relapse. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are subpopulation tumor that can drive initiation cause relapses. At time point initiation, CSCs originate from either differentiated or adult tissue resident cells. Due their importance, characterize have been identified correlated prognosis. However, shown display high plasticity, changes phenotypic functional appearance. Such induced by chemo- radiotherapeutics as well senescent alterations microenvironment. Induction senescence causes shrinkage modulating an anti-tumorigenic environment undergo growth arrest immune attracted. Besides these positive effects after therapy, also negative displayed post-therapeutically. These unfavorable directly promote stemness CSC plasticity phenotypes, activating pathways non-CSCs, promoting escape activation pathways. end, all lead relapse metastasis. This review provides overview most frequently used markers implementation focussing on deadliest solid (lung, stomach, liver, breast colorectal cancers) hematological (acute myeloid leukemia, chronic leukemia) cancers. Furthermore, it gives examples how might be influenced therapeutics, such radiotherapy, It points out, crucial monitor residual CSCs, pro-tumorigenic senescence-associated secretory phenotype follow-up using specific biomarkers. As future perspective, targeted immune-mediated strategy chimeric antigen receptor based approaches removal remaining chemotherapy-resistant personalized therapeutic approach discussed.

Language: Английский

---

EMT, cancer stem cells and autophagy; The three main axes of metastasis

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 133, P. 110909 - 110909

Published: Nov. 21, 2020

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) are major factors contributing to the metastasis of cancer cells. Consequently, signaling pathways involved in both processes appropriate therapeutic targets treatment metastasis. Autophagy is another process that has recently attracted attention many researchers; depending on type tissue stage cancer, this can play a dual role development Studies have shown different all three processes, namely, stem cells, autophagy, EMT. The purpose study was investigate elucidate relationship between effective which could an determining goals.

Language: Английский

---

The Hippo signalling pathway and its implications in human health and diseases

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: Nov. 8, 2022

Abstract As an evolutionarily conserved signalling network, the Hippo pathway plays a crucial role in regulation of numerous biological processes. Thus, substantial efforts have been made to understand upstream signals that influence activity pathway, as well its physiological functions, such cell proliferation and differentiation, organ growth, embryogenesis, tissue regeneration/wound healing. However, dysregulation can cause variety diseases, including cancer, eye cardiac pulmonary renal hepatic immune dysfunction. Therefore, therapeutic strategies target dysregulated components might be promising approaches for treatment wide spectrum diseases. Here, we review key critical functions controlled by pathway. Additionally, diseases associated with alterations potential therapies targeting will discussed.

Language: Английский

---

Role of hypoxia-induced exosomes in tumor biology

Molecular Cancer, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: Aug. 11, 2018

Hypoxia is a major regulator of angiogenesis and always influences the release exosomes in various types tumors. The present review aimed to assess role hypoxia-induced tumor biology. relevant publications were retrieved from PubMed using keywords such as hypoxia, exosome, extracellular vesicles, tumor, cancer, other similar terms. Recent studies have shown that cancer cells produce more under hypoxic conditions than do parental normoxic conditions. secretion function could be influenced by hypoxia cancer. Hypoxia-induced play critical roles angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, immune system. These findings provide new insights into complex networks underlying cellular genomic regulation response might novel specific targets for future therapies.

Language: Английский

---

Tumor-Intrinsic PD-L1 Signaling in Cancer Initiation, Development and Treatment: Beyond Immune Evasion

Frontiers in Oncology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: Sept. 19, 2018

Although the role of PD-L1 in suppressing anti-tumor immune response is extensively documented, recent discoveries indicate a distinct tumor-intrinsic for modulating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cancer stem cell (CSC)-like phenotype, metastasis and resistance to therapy. In this review, we will focus on newly discovered functions regulation development, describe underlying molecular mechanisms responsible upregulation discuss current insights into novel components signaling. Furthermore, summarize our understanding link between signaling EMT program as well CSC state. Tumor cell-intrinsic clearly contributes stemness, EMT, tumor invasion chemoresistance multiple types. Conversely, activation OCT4 inducer ZEB1 induce expression cells, thereby suggesting possible evasion mechanism employed by cells during metastasis. Our meta-analysis demonstrated that co-amplified along with MYC, SOX2, N-cadherin SNAI1 TCGA endometrial ovarian datasets. Further identification immune-independent characterization crucial events upstream or downstream diverse types specific subtypes, would provide additional targets new therapeutic approaches.

Language: Английский

---

Therapy resistance mediated by cancer stem cells

Seminars in Cancer Biology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 53, P. 156 - 167

Published: Nov. 22, 2018

Language: Английский

---

Long Non-coding RNA NEAT1: A Novel Target for Diagnosis and Therapy in Human Tumors

Frontiers in Genetics, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Oct. 15, 2018

The nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1, a long non-coding RNA) is frequently overexpressed in human tumors, and higher NEAT1 expression correlated with worse survival cancer patients. drives tumor initiation progression by modulating the of genes involved regulation cell growth, migration, invasion, metastasis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, stem cell-like phenotype, chemoresistance radioresistance, indicating potential for to be novel diagnostic biomarker therapeutic target. Mechanistically, functions as scaffold RNA molecule interacting EZH2 (a subunit polycomb repressive complex) influence downstream effectors EZH2, it also acts microRNA (miRNA) sponge suppress interactions between miRNAs target mRNAs, affects miR-129 promoting DNA methylation promoter region. Knockdown via small interfering or short hairpin inhibits malignant behavior cells. In this review, we highlight latest insights into pattern, biological roles mechanisms underlying function especially focus on its clinical implication new an attractive cancers.

Language: Английский

---

Targeting cancer signaling pathways by natural products: Exploring promising anti-cancer agents

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 150, P. 113054 - 113054

Published: April 30, 2022

Cancer is one of the leading causes death and significantly burdens healthcare system. Due to its prevalence, there undoubtedly an unmet need discover novel anticancer drugs. The use natural products as agents acceptable therapeutic approach due accessibility, applicability, reduced cytotoxicity. Natural have been incomparable source drugs in modern era drug discovery. Along with their derivatives analogs, play a major role cancer treatment by modulating microenvironment different signaling pathways. These compounds are effective against several pathways, mainly cell pathways (apoptosis autophagy) embryonic developmental (Notch pathway, Wnt Hedgehog pathway). historical record strong, but investigate current discovery development determine possibility being important future agents. Many target-specific failed provide successful results, which accounts for multi-target characteristics achieve better outcomes. potential be promising makes them area research. This review explores significance inhibiting various that serve drivers carcinogenesis thus pave way developing discovering

Language: Английский

---

CD103-positive CSC exosome promotes EMT of clear cell renal cell carcinoma: role of remote MiR-19b-3p

Molecular Cancer, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 18(1)

Published: April 11, 2019

Clear cell renal carcinoma (CCRCC) is characterized by a highly metastatic potential. The stromal communication between stem cells and cancer critically influences dissemination of cells.The effect exosomes isolated from (CSCs) CCRCC patients on the progress epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) lung metastasis were examined.CSCs promoted proliferation accelerated EMT. Bioactive miR-19b-3p transmitted to CSC induced EMT via repressing expression PTEN. CSCs derived with produced strongest promoting Notably, CD103+ enriched in tumor as well, highlighting organotropism conferred CD103. In addition, increased blood samples metastasis.CSC transported into initiated metastasis. acted guide target organs, conferring higher capacity lungs, suggesting potential diagnostic biomarker. ᅟ.

Language: Английский

---