AI-enabled organoids: Construction, analysis, and application

Bioactive Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 31, P. 525 - 548

Published: Sept. 16, 2023

Organoids, miniature and simplified

Language: Английский

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Inflammatory responses revealed through HIV infection of microglia-containing cerebral organoids

Journal of Neuroinflammation, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Feb. 10, 2025

Cerebral organoids (COs) are valuable tools for studying the intricate interplay between glial cells and neurons in brain development disease, including HIV-associated neuroinflammation. We developed a novel approach to generate microglia containing COs (CO-iMs) by co-culturing hematopoietic progenitors inducing pluripotent stem cells. This allowed differentiation of within concomitantly with neuronal progenitors. Compared conventional COs, CO-iMs were more efficient at generating CD45+/CD11b+/Iba-1+ presented physiologically relevant proportion (~ 7%). substantially increased expression microglial homeostatic sensome markers as well complement cascade. susceptible HIV infection, resulting significant increase several pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, which abrogated addition antiretrovirals. Thus, CO-iM is robust model deciphering neuropathogenesis, neuroinflammation, viral infections 3D culture system.

Language: Английский

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Characterization of HIV-1 Infection in Microglia-Containing Human Cerebral Organoids

Viruses, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 829 - 829

Published: April 16, 2022

The achievement of an HIV cure is dependent on the eradication or permanent silencing HIV-latent viral reservoirs, including understudied central nervous system (CNS) reservoir. This requires a deep understanding molecular mechanisms HIV's entry into CNS, latency establishment, persistence, and reversal. Therefore, representative CNS culture models that reflect intercellular dynamics pathophysiology human brain are urgently needed in order to study reservoir HIV-induced neuropathogenesis. In this study, we characterized cerebral organoid model which microglia grow intrinsically as infection CNS. We demonstrated both organoids isolated organoid-derived (oMG), infected with replication-competent HIVbal reporter viruses, support productive via CCR5 co-receptor. Productive was only observed microglial cells. Fluorescence analysis revealed target cell. Susceptibility co-expression microglia-specific markers CD4 receptors. Altogether, will be valuable tool within research community HIV-CNS interactions, underlying HIV-associated neurological disorders (HAND), efficacy new therapeutic curative strategies

Language: Английский

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Cell models for Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease: At the interface of biology and drug discovery

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 149, P. 112924 - 112924

Published: April 8, 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases are severely debilitating conditions characterized primarily by progressive neuronal loss and impairment of the nervous system. Alzheimer's Parkinson's most common neurodegenerative disorders, their impact is increasing as average life expectancy increases worldwide. Although underlying mechanisms both have been extensively studied, we still lack a comprehensive understanding molecular basis diseases. Current therapeutic options do not slow progression only provide symptom relief. Cell models that resemble characteristics disease in question important drug discovery projects because they information about benefits drugs under development. Here, review current vitro cell used to study focusing on potential for discovering disease-modifying therapeutics combat We discuss phenotypic screening an approach identifying novel molecules. Advances development cell-based assays discussed, ranging from simple monoculture high-throughput three-dimensional models. Finally, critically present limitations caveats encountered find effective treatment

Language: Английский

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Future regenerative medicine developments and their therapeutic applications

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 158, P. 114131 - 114131

Published: Dec. 18, 2022

Although the currently available pharmacological assays can cure most pathological disorders, they have limited therapeutic value in relieving certain disorders like myocardial infarct, peripheral vascular disease, amputated limbs, or organ failure (e.g. renal failure). Pilot studies to overcome such problems using regenerative medicine (RM) delivered promising data. Comprehensive investigations of RM zebrafish reptilians are necessary for better understanding. However, precise mechanisms remain poorly understood despite tremendous amount data obtained model investigating exact behind their capability. Indeed, understanding and application humans save millions lives from dying due potentially life-threatening events. Recent launched a revolution replacing damaged human organs via different approaches last few decades. The newly established branch (known as Regenerative Medicine aims enhance natural repair mechanisms. This be done through several advanced broad-spectrum technologies transplantation, tissue engineering, Scaffolds technology (support vascularization an extracellular matrix), stem cell therapy, miRNA treatment, development 3D mini-organs (organoids), construction artificial tissues nanomedicine bio-printers. Moreover, next decades, revolutionary will applied based on intelligence wireless exchange, soft biomaterials, nanorobotics, even living robotics capable self-repair. present work presents comprehensive overview that summarizes new future advances field RM.

Language: Английский

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Ethical Implications in Making Use of Human Cerebral Organoids for Investigating Stress—Related Mechanisms and Disorders

Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 32(4), P. 529 - 541

Published: Feb. 17, 2023

Abstract The generation of three-dimensional cerebral organoids from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) has facilitated the investigation mechanisms underlying several neuropsychiatric disorders, including stress-related namely major depressive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. Generating hPSC-derived neurons, organoids, even assembloids (or multi-organoid complexes) can facilitate research into biomarkers for susceptibility or resilience may bring about advances in personalized medicine biomarker psychiatric disorders. Nevertheless, organoid does not come without its own set ethical considerations. With increased complexity resemblance to vivo conditions, discussions moral status these models are ongoing, questions sentience, consciousness, status, donor protection, chimeras. There are, however, unique considerations that arise worth looking context disorders using organoids. This paper provides research-specific use purposes. as a case study here help inform other practices vitro studies brain with high

Language: Английский

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Rigor and reproducibility in human brain organoid research: Where we are and where we need to go

Stem Cell Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(6), P. 796 - 816

Published: May 16, 2024

Human brain organoid models have emerged as a promising tool for studying human development and function. These preserve genetics recapitulate some aspects of development, while facilitating manipulation in an vitro setting. Despite their potential to transform biology medicine, concerns persist about fidelity. To fully harness potential, it is imperative establish reliable analytic methods, ensuring rigor reproducibility. Here, we review current analytical platforms used characterize forebrain cortical organoids, highlight challenges, propose recommendations future studies achieve greater precision uniformity across laboratories.

Language: Английский

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Humanized brain organoids-on-chip integrated with sensors for screening neuronal activity and neurotoxicity

Microchimica Acta, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 191(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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The Evolution of Anticancer 3D In Vitro Models: The Potential Role of Machine Learning and AI in the Next Generation of Animal-Free Experiments

Cancers, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(4), P. 700 - 700

Published: Feb. 19, 2025

The development of anticancer therapies has increasingly relied on advanced 3D in vitro models, which more accurately mimic the tumor microenvironment compared to traditional 2D cultures. This review describes evolution these highlighting significant advancements and their impact cancer research. We discuss integration machine learning (ML) artificial intelligence (AI) enhancing predictive power efficiency potentially reducing dependence animal testing. ML AI offer innovative approaches for analyzing complex data, optimizing experimental conditions, predicting therapeutic outcomes with higher accuracy. By leveraging technologies, next generation models could revolutionize drug development, offering effective alternatives experiments.

Language: Английский

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The Application of Brain Organoids in Assessing Neural Toxicity

Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Feb. 9, 2022

The human brain is a complicated and precisely organized organ. Exogenous chemicals, such as pollutants, drugs, industrial may affect the biological processes of or its function eventually lead to neurological diseases. Animal models not fully recapitulate for testing neural toxicity. Brain organoids with self-assembled three-dimensional (3D) structures provide opportunities generate relevant tests predictions neurotoxicity. In this study, we reviewed recent advances in organoid techniques their application assessing toxicants. We hope review provides new insights further progress screening studies

Language: Английский

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