Nanotechnology-based drug delivery for breast cancer treatment: Current applications and future directions

European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100268 - 100268

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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A Review of the Neuroprotective Properties of Exosomes Derived from Stem Cells and Exosome-Coated Nanoparticles for Treating Neurodegenerative Diseases and Stroke

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(8), P. 3915 - 3915

Published: April 21, 2025

Neurological diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders and stroke, represent significant medical challenges due to their complexity the limitations of current treatment approaches. This review explores potential stem cell (SC)-derived exosomes (Exos) as a transformative therapeutic strategy for these diseases. Exos, especially those derived from SCs, exhibit natural targeting ability, biocompatibility, capacity cross blood-brain barrier (BBB), making them ideal vehicles drug delivery. provides an in-depth discussion properties advantages SC-Exos. It highlights synergistic benefits in approaches treat neurological article discusses mechanisms action SC-Exos, highlighting ability target specific cells, modulate disease pathways, provide controlled release agents. Applications have been investigated, demonstrating improve outcomes conditions such Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Parkinson's (PD), stroke. Moreover, Exos-coated nanoparticles (NPs) combine Exos with multifunctionality NPs. integration takes advantage exosome membrane biocompatibility capabilities while preserving NPs' beneficial features, loading release. As result, NPs may enhance precision, efficacy, safety interventions. In conclusion, SC-Exos promising innovative approach treating

Language: Английский

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Pyroptosis in Endothelial Cells and Extracellular Vesicle Release in Atherosclerosis via NF-κB-Caspase-4/5-GSDM-D Pathway

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(12), P. 1568 - 1568

Published: Nov. 22, 2024

Background: Pyroptosis, an inflammatory cell death, is involved in the progression of atherosclerosis. Pyroptosis endothelial cells (ECs) and its underlying mechanisms atherosclerosis are poorly understood. Here, we investigated role a caspase-4/5-NF-κB pathway pyroptosis palmitic acid (PA)-stimulated ECs EVs as players pyroptosis. Methods: Human umbilical vein (HUVECs) were cultured medium, treated with Ox-LDL, PA, caspase-4/5 inhibitor, NF-κB sEV release inhibitor for 24 h, respectively. The cytotoxicity PA was determined using MTT assay, migration scratch-wound-healing morphology bright field microscopy, lipid deposition oil red O staining. mRNA protein expression GSDM-D, CASP4, CASP5, NF-κB, NLRP3, IL-1β, IL-18 RT-PCR Western blot. Immunofluorescence used to determine NLRP3 ICAM-1 expressions. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated exosome isolation kit characterized by blot scanning electron microscopy. Results: stimulation significantly changed HUVECs swelling, plasma membrane rupture, increased LDH release, which features accumulation reduced migration. also triggered inflammation dysfunction, evidenced activation, upregulation (endothelial activation marker), pyroptotic markers (NLRP3, IL-18). Inhibition (Ac-FLTD-CMK) (trifluoroacetate salt (TFA)) resulted significant reduction caspase-4/5, gasdermin D (GSDM-D) PA-treated HUVECs. Furthermore, GW4869, markedly PA-stimulated derived from exacerbated pyroptosis, indicated augmented NF-κB. Conclusions: present study revealed that inflammatory, non-canonical signaling may be one crucial mechanistic pathways associated ECs, facilitated normal during

Language: Английский

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The role of exosomal hsa-miR-125b-5p and hsa-miR-320c as non-invasive biomarkers in high-radon areas of Kazakhstan

Biomarkers, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 12

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

Radon, a radioactive gas, is significant risk factor for lung cancer, especially in non-smokers. This study examines the expression of exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) as potential biomarkers radon-induced effects. A total 109 participants from high- and low-radon areas Kazakhstan were included. Exosomal hsa-miR-125b-5p hsa-miR-320c levels quantified using real-time PCR. Results revealed 25.4-fold increase 12.5-fold decrease exposed to high radon compared controls. Bioinformatic analysis identified key target genes, such PRDM1 IRF4, which are implicated cancer development. These findings suggest that miRNAs could serve non-invasive exposure, offering early diagnosis monitoring cancer. The underscores need further research validate these reliable diagnostic tools.

Language: Английский

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Targeting Atherosclerosis via NEDD4L Signaling—A Review of the Current Literature

Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 220 - 220

Published: Feb. 20, 2025

Cardiovascular diseases are the primary cause of mortality worldwide. In this scenario, atherosclerotic cardiovascular outcomes dominate since their incidence increases as populations grow and age. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects arteries. Although its pathophysiology heterogeneous, some genes indissociably associated with occurrence, understanding effects on disease’s occurrence could undoubtedly define effective screening treatment strategies. One such gene NEDD4L. The NEDD4L related to ubiquitin ligase enzyme activities. It essential regulate vascular inflammation, atherosclerosis plaque stability, endothelial smooth cell function, lipid metabolism, particularly in controlling cholesterol levels. However, evidence dubious, no review has yet synthesized targeting atherosclerosis. Therefore, our aims fill gap by analyzing literature concerning occurrence. To achieve goal, we performed systematic search reputable databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Web Science, Scopus, Embase. inclusion criteria comprised peer-reviewed original studies using vitro animal models due unavailability relevant clinical studies. Systematic reviews, meta-analyses, articles did not focus relationship between those unrelated health condition were excluded. Studies written English language also strategy included from January 2000 2025 final analysis capture recent advancements. Following screening, five included. Most underscored NEDD4L’s role increasing formation, but other indicated stimulating may positively counter formation. future research endeavors must address several limitations, which have been tentatively highlighted throughout manuscript, for more informative based preclinical successfully translate findings into trials.

Language: Английский

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Lipedema: A Disease Triggered by M2 Polarized Macrophages?

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 561 - 561

Published: Feb. 23, 2025

Background/Objectives: Lipedema is a progressive disease that results in the bilateral and symmetrical accumulation of subcutaneous fat legs and/or arms, affecting almost exclusively women. Methods: A comprehensive review peer-reviewed literature was conducted between November 2024 February 2025. Results: The pathophysiology lipedema complex and, especially early stages, shows similarities to obesity, involving adipocytes, adipose tissue-resident macrophages, endothelial cells. In lipedema, systemic levels adipocyte expression classical adipokines adiponectin leptin appear normal, while it remains unclear if markers inflammation oxidative stress are increased. Macrophages tissue patients have an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype express high scavenger receptor CD163. These cells affect adipogenesis seem central role accumulation. Increased lymphatic blood vessel permeability comorbidities occur states may contribute progression. Conclusions: This summarizes our current understanding with focus on stromal vascular localized macrophages.

Language: Английский

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Exosomal Dynamics: Bridging the Gap Between Cellular Senescence and Cancer Therapy

Mechanisms of Ageing and Development, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 225, P. 112045 - 112045

Published: March 11, 2025

Cancer remains one of the most devastating diseases, severely affecting public health and contributing to economic instability. Researchers worldwide are dedicated developing effective therapeutics target cancer cells. One promising strategy involves inducing cellular senescence, a complex state in which cells exit cell cycle. Senescence has profound effects on both physiological pathological processes, influencing systems through secreted factors that affect surrounding distant Among these exosomes, small extracellular vesicles play crucial roles communication, development, defense, can contribute conditions. Recently, there been increasing interest engineering exosomes as precise drug delivery vehicles, capable targeting specific or intracellular components. Studies have emphasized significant role from senescent progression therapy. Notably, chemotherapeutic agents alter tumor microenvironment, induce trigger immune responses exosome-mediated cargo transfer. This review explores intricate relationship between cancer, examining how different eliminate promote resistance. It also investigates molecular mechanisms signaling pathways driving highlighting current challenges proposing future perspectives uncover new therapeutic strategies for treatment.

Language: Английский

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The potential of exosomes in regenerative medicine and in the diagnosis and therapies of neurodegenerative diseases and cancer

Frontiers in Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: March 13, 2025

Exosomes, nanosized extracellular vesicles released by various cell types, are intensively studied for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer neurodegenerative diseases, they also display high usability in regenerative medicine. Emphasizing their diagnostic potential, exosomes serve as carriers disease-specific biomarkers, enabling non-invasive early detection personalized The cargo loading with therapeutic agents presents an innovative strategy targeted drug delivery, minimizing off-target effects optimizing interventions. In medicine, play a crucial role intercellular communication, facilitating tissue regeneration through transmission bioactive molecules. While acknowledging existing challenges standardization scalability, ongoing research efforts aim to refine methodologies address regulatory considerations. summary, this review underscores transformative potential reshaping landscape medical interventions, particular emphasis on cancer,

Language: Английский

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Extracellular vesicles in cancer´s communication: messages we can read and how to answer

Molecular Cancer, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: March 19, 2025

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as critical mediators of intercellular communication in the tumor microenvironment (TME), profoundly influencing cancer progression. These nano-sized vesicles, released by both and stromal cells, carry a diverse cargo proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, reflecting dynamic cellular landscape mediating intricate interactions between cells. This review provides comprehensive overview biogenesis, composition, functional roles EVs cancer, highlighting their significance basic research clinical applications. We discuss how cells manipulate EV biogenesis pathways to produce enriched with pro-tumorigenic molecules, explore specific contributions key hallmarks such angiogenesis, metastasis, immune evasion, emphasizing role shaping TME driving therapeutic resistance. Concurrently, we submit recent knowledge on can serve valuable source biomarkers for minimally invasive liquid biopsies, its potential, particularly targeted drug delivery vehicles immunomodulatory agents, showcasing promise enhancing efficacy safety treatments. By deciphering messages carried EVs, gain deeper understanding biology develop more effective strategies early detection, therapy, immunotherapy, paving way new era personalized precise medicine potential significantly improve patient outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Extracellular Vesicles in Asthma: Intercellular Cross-Talk in TH2 Inflammation

Cells, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(7), P. 542 - 542

Published: April 3, 2025

Asthma is a complex, multifactorial inflammatory disorder of the airways, characterized by recurrent symptoms and variable airflow obstruction. So far, two main asthma endotypes have been identified, type 2 (T2)-high or T2-low, based on underlying immunological mechanisms. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly exosomes, gained increasing attention due to their pivotal role in intercellular communication distal signaling modulation. In context pathobiology, an amount experimental evidence suggests that EVs secreted eosinophils, mast cells, dendritic T neutrophils, macrophages, epithelial cells contribute disease This review explores profiling molecular signatures T2-high T2-low asthma, offering novel perspectives mechanisms potential therapeutic targets.

Language: Английский

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