Beyond the itch: the complex interplay of immune, neurological, and psychological factors in chronic urticaria

Journal of Neuroinflammation, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: March 11, 2025

Chronic urticaria (CU) arises from a multifaceted interplay of immunological, neurological, and psychological components. Immune dysregulation, mediated through both immunoglobulin E (IgE)-dependent IgE-independent pathways, plays pivotal role in CU pathogenesis, involving key effector cells such as mast (MCs), basophils, eosinophils. This dysregulation culminates the release histamine, prostaglandins, other mediators, which precipitate pruritus. The chronicity disease leads to sustained pruritic symptoms, contributing central peripheral sensitization. excitation itch circuit is augmented, leading neurotransmitters neuropeptides, subsequently interact with immune cells. Psychological factors depression, anxiety, stress exacerbate symptoms diminish quality life. These disrupt hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis autonomic nervous system (ANS). Furthermore, act scratching activates reward circuit, resulting manifestation itch-scratching cycle. Current treatments, antihistamines, omalizumab, cyclosporine, demonstrate variable efficacy are often associated adverse effects. A holistic approach addressing physiological aspects advocated. review highlights critical importance understanding neuroimmune interactions influence psychosomatic CU. It aims enhance diagnostic therapeutic strategies by integrating psychological, immunological perspectives.

Language: Английский

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Autonomic Reflexes With Epipharyngeal Abrasive Therapy (EAT)

Cureus, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

A literature review was conducted of epipharyngeal abrasive therapy (EAT) in the treatment chronic epipharyngitis, focusing on mechanism action by autonomic nerve stimulation. The EAT stimulating immune system has recently become clear. However, nervous remains to be elucidated. purpose this paper is provide insight into still not fully understood stimulation epipharyngitis collecting and integrating previous studies papers effects EAT. stimulates a network brainstem neurons involved swallowing, vomiting, breathing, circulatory centers, further affects endocrine reflexes via hypothalamus pituitary, stress responses limbic system. reflex hierarchically integrated thought reflexively control only pharyngeal but also functions such as airway, cardiovascular, cerebral circulation, digestive, glands. system, are interact with each other produce therapeutic effect It important determine which predominantly case utilize it treatment. Elucidating will an guideline determining strategy for epipharyngitis.

Language: Английский

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Early-Life Wheeze Trajectories Are Associated with Distinct Asthma Transcriptomes Later in Life

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Effects of nasal allergens and environmental particulate matter on brainstem metabolites and the consequence of brain-spleen axis in allergic rhinitis

Environment International, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 190, P. 108890 - 108890

Published: July 17, 2024

The growing consensus links exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) with an increased risk of respiratory diseases. However, little is known about the additional effects on brainstem function in allergic rhinitis (AR). Furthermore, it unknown what extent PM2.5-induced affect inflammatory response AR. This study aimed determine effects, mechanisms and consequences neural activity altered by allergenic stimulation PM2.5 exposure. Using AR model ovalbumin (OVA) elicitation whole-body exposure, metabolic profile post-allergen was characterized through vivo proton magnetic resonance imaging (1H-MRS). Then, transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) neuronal expression sensitivity trigeminal nerve were investigated. link between TRPV1 differential metabolites also determined. Finally, we evaluated mediating brain-spleen axis Exposure allergens led changes profiles brainstem, particularly affecting levels glutamine (Gln) glutamate (Glu). TRPV1+ neurons nerve, closely linked metabolism Glu Gln. Moreover, p38, while phosphorylation p38 ERK, resulting upregulation expression. Gln found partially mediate impact inflammation, which supported presence pro-inflammatory axis. Brainstem are under allergen via sensitization exacerbates brain-splenic

Language: Английский

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V Brazilian Consensus on Rhinitis – 2024

Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 91(1), P. 101500 - 101500

Published: Sept. 7, 2024

Language: Английский

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