Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
50(04), P. 537 - 551
Published: Sept. 25, 2023
Abstract
Microscopy
imaging
has
enabled
us
to
establish
the
presence
of
fibrin(ogen)
amyloid
(fibrinaloid)
microclots
in
a
range
chronic,
inflammatory
diseases.
Microclots
may
also
be
induced
by
variety
purified
substances,
often
at
very
low
concentrations.
These
molecules
include
bacterial
inflammagens,
serum
A,
and
S1
spike
protein
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
coronavirus
2.
Here,
we
explore
which
properties
these
might
used
contribute
differential
clinical
diagnoses
prognoses
various
diseases
with
they
associated.
Such
distributions
their
size
number
before
after
addition
exogenous
thrombin,
spectral
properties,
diameter
fibers
are
made,
resistance
proteolysis
proteases,
cross-seeding
ability,
concentration
dependence
ability
bind
small
including
fluorogenic
stains.
Measuring
microclot
parameters,
together
microscopy
itself,
along
methodologies
like
proteomics
flow
cytometry,
as
well
more
conventional
assays
such
those
for
cytokines,
open
up
possibility
much
finer
use
generative
methods
future
where
personalized
medicine
will
standard
procedures
all
clotting
pathology
disease
diagnoses.
Journal of Personalized Medicine,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(2), P. 170 - 170
Published: Jan. 31, 2024
Postural
orthostatic
tachycardia
syndrome
(POTS)
is
a
common
accompaniment
of
variety
chronic,
inflammatory
diseases,
including
long
COVID,
as
are
small,
insoluble,
'fibrinaloid'
microclots.
We
here
develop
the
argument,
with
accompanying
evidence,
that
fibrinaloid
microclots,
through
their
ability
to
block
flow
blood
microcapillaries
and
thus
cause
tissue
hypoxia,
not
simply
correlated
but
in
fact,
by
preceding
it,
may
be
chief
intermediary
POTS,
which
body's
exaggerated
'physiological'
response
hypoxia.
Similar
reasoning
accounts
for
symptoms
bundled
under
term
'fatigue'.
Amyloids
known
membrane
disruptors,
when
targets
nerve
membranes,
this
can
explain
neurotoxicity
hence
autonomic
nervous
system
dysfunction
contributes
POTS.
Taken
together
view,
we
indicate
microclots
serve
link
POTS
fatigue
COVID
manner
at
once
both
mechanistic
explanatory.
This
has
clear
implications
treatment
such
diseases.
medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: April 5, 2024
Abstract
Outcomes
following
SARS-CoV-2
infection
are
variable;
whilst
the
majority
of
patients
recover
without
serious
complications,
a
subset
develop
prolonged
illness
termed
Long
COVID
or
post-acute
sequelae
(PASC).
The
pathophysiology
underlying
remains
unclear
but
appears
to
involve
multiple
mechanisms
including
persistent
inflammation,
coagulopathy,
autoimmunity,
and
organ
damage.
Studies
suggest
that
microclots,
also
known
as
fibrinaloids,
play
role
in
COVID.
In
this
context,
we
developed
method
quantify
microclots
investigated
relationship
between
microclot
counts
We
show
cohort,
platelet-poor
plasma
from
samples
had
higher
count
compared
control
groups
retained
wide
distribution
counts.
Recent
COVID-19
infections
were
seen
be
associated
with
than
equivalent
subsequent
time-dependent
reduction
Our
findings
could
potential
biomarker
disease
and/or
treatment
target
some
patients.
Expert Review of Hematology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
16(12), P. 1035 - 1048
Published: Nov. 28, 2023
Introduction
both
symptomatic
and
asymptomatic
SARS-CoV-2
infections
–
coined
Coronavirus
disease
2019
(COVID-19)
have
been
linked
to
a
higher
risk
of
cardiovascular
events
after
recovery.
Biochemical Journal,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
480(15), P. 1217 - 1240
Published: Aug. 16, 2023
It
is
now
well
established
that
the
blood-clotting
protein
fibrinogen
can
polymerise
into
an
anomalous
form
of
fibrin
amyloid
in
character;
resultant
clots
and
microclots
entrap
many
other
molecules,
stain
with
fluorogenic
stains,
are
rather
resistant
to
fibrinolysis,
block
up
microcapillaries,
implicated
a
variety
diseases
including
Long
COVID,
have
been
referred
as
fibrinaloids.
A
necessary
corollary
this
polymerisation
generation
novel
epitopes
proteins
would
normally
be
seen
‘self’,
otherwise
immunologically
silent.
The
precise
conformation
resulting
fibrinaloid
(that,
prions
classical
proteins,
adopt
multiple,
stable
conformations)
must
depend
on
existing
small
molecules
metal
ions
may
(and
some
cases
known
to)
bound
before
polymerisation.
Any
such
epitopes,
however,
likely
lead
autoantibodies.
convergent
phenomenology,
distinct
conformations
seeding
for
initiation
propagation,
emerging
link
knowledge
prions,
prionoids,
amyloids
We
here
summarise
evidence
above
reasoning,
which
has
substantial
implications
our
understanding
genesis
autoimmunity
possible
prevention
thereof)
based
primary
process
formation.
Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
50(04), P. 537 - 551
Published: Sept. 25, 2023
Abstract
Microscopy
imaging
has
enabled
us
to
establish
the
presence
of
fibrin(ogen)
amyloid
(fibrinaloid)
microclots
in
a
range
chronic,
inflammatory
diseases.
Microclots
may
also
be
induced
by
variety
purified
substances,
often
at
very
low
concentrations.
These
molecules
include
bacterial
inflammagens,
serum
A,
and
S1
spike
protein
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
coronavirus
2.
Here,
we
explore
which
properties
these
might
used
contribute
differential
clinical
diagnoses
prognoses
various
diseases
with
they
associated.
Such
distributions
their
size
number
before
after
addition
exogenous
thrombin,
spectral
properties,
diameter
fibers
are
made,
resistance
proteolysis
proteases,
cross-seeding
ability,
concentration
dependence
ability
bind
small
including
fluorogenic
stains.
Measuring
microclot
parameters,
together
microscopy
itself,
along
methodologies
like
proteomics
flow
cytometry,
as
well
more
conventional
assays
such
those
for
cytokines,
open
up
possibility
much
finer
use
generative
methods
future
where
personalized
medicine
will
standard
procedures
all
clotting
pathology
disease
diagnoses.
