MedComm,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
5(10)
Published: Sept. 17, 2024
Liver
cirrhosis
is
the
end-stage
of
chronic
liver
disease,
characterized
by
inflammation,
necrosis,
advanced
fibrosis,
and
regenerative
nodule
formation.
Long-term
inflammation
can
cause
continuous
damage
to
tissues
hepatocytes,
along
with
increased
vascular
tone
portal
hypertension.
Among
them,
fibrosis
necessary
stage
essential
feature
cirrhosis,
effective
antifibrosis
strategies
are
commonly
considered
key
treating
cirrhosis.
Although
different
therapeutic
aimed
at
reversing
or
preventing
have
been
developed,
effects
not
be
more
satisfactory.
In
this
review,
we
discussed
abnormal
changes
in
microenvironment
that
contribute
progression
highlighted
importance
recent
strategies,
including
lifestyle
improvement,
small
molecular
agents,
traditional
Chinese
medicine,
stem
cells,
extracellular
vesicles,
gut
remediation,
regulate
Meanwhile,
for
nanoparticles
discussed,
as
their
possible
underlying
broad
application
prospects
ameliorating
Finally,
also
reviewed
major
challenges
opportunities
nanomedicine‒biological
environment
interactions.
We
hope
review
will
provide
insights
into
pathogenesis
mechanisms
thus
facilitating
new
methods,
drug
discovery,
better
treatment
Cell Death and Disease,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15(3)
Published: March 5, 2024
Abstract
Evidence
for
the
involvement
of
N
6
-Methyladenosine
(m
A)
modification
in
etiology
and
progression
liver
fibrosis
has
emerged
holds
promise
as
a
therapeutic
target.
Insulin-like
growth
factor
2
(IGF2)
mRNA-binding
protein
(IGF2BP2)
is
newly
identified
m
A-binding
that
functions
to
enhance
mRNA
stability
translation.
However,
its
role
an
remains
elusive.
Here,
we
observed
IGF2BP2
highly
expressed
activated
hepatic
stellate
cells
(HSCs),
inhibition
protects
against
HSCs
activation
fibrogenesis.
Mechanistically,
protein,
regulates
expression
Aldolase
A
(
ALDOA
),
key
target
glycolytic
metabolic
pathway,
which
turn
activation.
Furthermore,
active
metabolism
generates
large
amounts
lactate
substrate
histone
lactylation.
Importantly,
lactylation
transforms
phenotype
HSCs.
In
conclusion,
our
findings
reveal
essential
by
regulating
highlight
potential
targeting
fibrosis.
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
19(1), P. 100889 - 100889
Published: Feb. 1, 2024
Primary
sclerosing
cholangitis
(PSC)
is
an
autoimmune
cholangiopathy
characterized
by
chronic
inflammation
of
the
biliary
epithelium
and
periductal
fibrosis,
with
no
curative
treatment
available,
liver
transplantation
inevitable
for
end-stage
patients.
Human
placental
mesenchymal
stem
cell
(hpMSC)-derived
exosomes
have
demonstrated
ability
to
prevent
inhibit
collagen
production
possess
immunomodulatory
properties
in
disease.
Here,
we
prepared
hpMSC-derived
(ExoMSC)
further
investigated
anti-fibrotic
effects
detailed
mechanism
on
PSC
based
Mdr2−/−
mice
multicellular
organoids
established
from
The
results
showed
that
ExoMSC
ameliorated
fibrosis
significant
reduction
preductal
area
where
Th17
differentiation
was
inhibited
as
RNAseq
analysis,
percentage
CD4+
IL-17A+
T
cells
reduced
both
ExoMSC-treated
(Mdr2−/−-Exo)
vivo
progressed
vitro.
Furthermore,
improved
hypersecretory
phenotype
intercellular
interactions
hepatic
microenvironment
regulating
PERK/CHOP
signaling
supported
organoids.
Thus,
our
data
demonstrate
anti-fibrosis
effect
disease
inhibiting
differentiation,
ameliorating
Th17-induced
microenvironment,
indicating
promising
potential
therapeutic
role
or
Th17-related
diseases.
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
18(1), P. 100772 - 100772
Published: Dec. 31, 2022
In
the
inflammatory
microenvironment,
there
are
numerous
exosomes
secreted
by
immune
cells
(Macrophages,
neutrophils,
dendritic
cells),
mesenchymal
stem
(MSCs)
and
platelets
as
intercellular
communicators,
which
participate
in
regulation
of
inflammation
modulating
gene
expression
releasing
anti-inflammatory
factors.
Due
to
their
good
biocompatibility,
accurate
targeting,
low
toxicity
immunogenicity,
these
able
selectively
deliver
therapeutic
drugs
site
through
interactions
between
surface-antibody
or
modified
ligand
with
cell
surface
receptors.
Therefore,
role
exosome-based
biomimetic
delivery
strategies
diseases
has
attracted
increasing
attention.
Here
we
review
current
knowledge
techniques
for
exosome
identification,
isolation,
modification
drug
loading.
More
importantly,
highlight
progress
using
treat
chronic
such
rheumatoid
arthritis
(RA),
osteoarthritis
(OA),
atherosclerosis
(AS),
bowel
disease
(IBD).
Finally,
also
discuss
potential
challenges
carriers.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14
Published: March 20, 2023
Liver
fibrosis
is
a
global
health
problem
caused
by
chronic
liver
injury
resulting
from
various
factors.
Hepatic
stellate
cells
(HSCs)
have
been
found
to
play
major
role
in
fibrosis,
and
pathological
stimuli
lead
their
transdifferentiation
into
myofibroblasts.
Complex
multidirectional
interactions
between
HSCs,
immune
cells,
cytokines
are
also
critical
for
the
progression
of
fibrosis.
Despite
advances
treatments
they
do
not
meet
current
medical
needs.
Exosomes
extracellular
vesicles
30-150
nm
diameter
capable
intercellular
transport
molecules
such
as
lipids,
proteins
nucleic
acids.
As
an
essential
mediator
communication,
exosomes
involved
physiological
processes
many
diseases.
In
pathogenesis
mainly
regulating
activation
HSCs
interaction
cells.
Serum-derived
promising
biomarkers
therapeutic
potential
derived
mesenchymal
stem
other
exhibit
anti-liver
effects.
Moreover,
may
serve
targets
hold
promise
becoming
drug
carriers
treatment.
Biomolecules,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(3), P. 277 - 277
Published: Feb. 26, 2024
In
recent
years,
EVs
have
emerged
as
promising
vehicles
for
coding
and
non-coding
RNAs
(ncRNAs),
which
demonstrated
remarkable
potential
biomarkers
various
diseases,
including
chronic
liver
diseases
(CLDs).
are
small,
membrane-bound
particles
released
by
cells,
carrying
an
arsenal
of
ncRNAs,
microRNAs
(miRNAs),
long
(lncRNAs),
other
ncRNA
species,
such
piRNAs,
circRNAs,
tsRNAs.
These
ncRNAs
act
key
regulators
gene
expression,
splicing,
translation,
providing
a
comprehensive
molecular
snapshot
the
cells
origin.
The
non-invasive
nature
EV
sampling,
typically
via
blood
or
serum
collection,
makes
them
highly
attractive
candidates
clinical
biomarker
applications.
Moreover,
EV-encapsulated
offer
unique
advantages
over
traditional
cell-free
due
to
their
enhanced
stability
within
EVs,
hence
allowing
detection
in
circulation
extended
periods
enabling
more
sensitive
reliable
measurements.
Numerous
studies
investigated
EV-enclosed
CLD.
MiRNAs,
particular,
gained
significant
attention
ability
rapidly
respond
changes
cellular
stress
inflammation,
hallmarks
CLD
pathogenesis.
Elevated
levels
specific
miRNAs
been
consistently
associated
with
subtypes,
metabolic
dysfunction-associated
steatotic
disease
(MASLD),
steatohepatitis
(MASH),
hepatitis
B
C.
LncRNAs
also
transcripts
involved
wide
range
processes,
regeneration,
fibrosis,
cancer
progression.
Studies
shown
that
lncRNA
expression
profiles
can
distinguish
between
different
valuable
insights
into
progression
therapeutic
response.
Promising
included
miR-122
(elevated
MASLD
fibrosis),
miR-21
(increased
is
linked
inflammation
fibrosis
patients),
miR-192
advanced
stages
CLD,
cirrhosis
HCC),
LncRNA
HOTAIR
MASH
development),
H19
(dysregulation
HCC
progression).
present
review,
we
focus
on
tools
diagnosis
monitoring
etiologies.
Biomaterials Science,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12(14), P. 3500 - 3521
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
This
review
systematically
summarizes
the
cutting-edge
methods
for
preparing
engineered
exosomes
through
cell
engineering
and
exosome
engineering,
as
well
latest
advancements
of
in
therapeutic
applications.
