Exosomes in Oral Diseases: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Applications

Drug Design Development and Therapy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: Volume 19, P. 457 - 469

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Exosomes, small extracellular vesicles secreted by various cells, play crucial roles in the pathogenesis and treatment of oral diseases. Recent studies have highlighted their involvement orthodontics, periodontitis, squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), hand, foot, mouth disease (HFMD). Exosomes a positive effect on inflammatory environment cavity, remodeling regeneration tissues, offer promising therapeutic options for bone periodontal tissue restoration. In OSCC tumor-derived exosomes promote cancer progression through proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, serve as potential biomarkers early diagnosis prognosis. Additionally, engineered constructed specifically based exosome properties hold great promise targeted drug delivery regenerative therapies such orthodontics healing. With continued research, improving diseases, advancing personalized therapies.

Language: Английский

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Extracellular Vesicles in Periodontitis: Pathogenic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential

Journal of Inflammation Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: Volume 18, P. 1317 - 1331

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Periodontitis is a prevalent yet frequently overlooked oral disease that linked to range of systemic conditions. Although basic treatment and periodontal surgery can alleviate the symptoms periodontitis certain extent, severe tissue defects or refractory cases not effective. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are subcellular lipid bilayer particles come from variety sources in biological fluids vertebrates. They play key role intercellular communication by transporting multiple signaling molecules. Recent research has indicated EVs derived pathogens trigger periodontitis, exacerbate damage, potentially disseminate other parts body, leading Conversely, extracellular dental stem cells (DSCs) have demonstrated ability regulate local immune environment foster regeneration repair tissues, positioning them as promising candidate for cell-free therapeutic approaches periodontitis. This review aims summarize latest on involvement different pathogenesis especially systematically elucidate mechanism secreted periodontitis-related diseases first time. By uncovering these complex regulatory processes, new more effective be explored battle against its associated diseases.

Language: Английский

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Differential protein and mRNA cargo loading into engineered large and small extracellular vesicles reveals differences in in vitro and in vivo assays

Journal of Controlled Release, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 379, P. 951 - 966

Published: Feb. 3, 2025

Language: Английский

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Bidirectional Causality in IBD and Periodontitis: Insights from Mendelian Randomization and Bioinformatics

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 10, 2025

Background The causal relationship between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and periodontitis remains a topic of debate. This study aimed to assess the two. Methods employed bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis combined with integrated bioinformatics. On one hand, it explored IBD using MR analysis, inverse variance weighting (IVW) as judgment basis conducted sensitivity analysis. other utilized RNA sequencing data mine co-expressed differential genes two diseases, explore common molecules potential molecular signaling pathways them. Results found link (P < 0.05), showing consistency no significant heterogeneity or pleiotropy > 0.05). results further confirmed bioinformatics indicated that immune-related factors, represented by IL1B CXCR4, pathways, notably TNF IL17, may play an important role in progression both diseases. Conclusion study, through Randomization established mutual periodontitis. transcriptome revealed pathological mechanisms key immune regulatory factors these These findings provide scientific for diagnosis treatment periodontitis, emphasizing importance deep understanding interaction

Language: Английский

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Immune-Mediated Bidirectional Causality Between Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Chronic Periodontitis: Evidence from Mendelian Randomization and Integrative Bioinformatics Analysis

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 476 - 476

Published: Feb. 15, 2025

Background/Objectives: A bidirectional association between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and periodontitis has been observed, yet their causal relationship remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the potential links these two conditions through comprehensive genetic molecular analyses. Methods: We conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis integrated with bioinformatics approaches. The relationships were primarily evaluated using inverse variance weighting (IVW), complemented by multiple sensitivity analyses assess robustness of findings. Additionally, we performed differential gene expression RNA sequencing data identify co-expressed genes shared mediators IBD periodontitis, followed pathway enrichment analysis. Results: Bidirectional MR revealed significant associations (p-value < 0.05). Sensitivity demonstrated consistency findings, no evidence heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy > Integrated identified key immune regulators, particularly interleukin 1 beta (IL1B) C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), signaling pathways, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) 17 (IL17), as mechanisms underlying conditions. Conclusions: Our findings provide supporting periodontitis. Transcriptomic pathological crucial regulatory factors common both diseases. These insights enhance our understanding interplay potentially informing new therapeutic strategies for

Language: Английский

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Exosomes: A Promising Drug Delivery Tool in Hepatic Drug Delivery

Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 106761 - 106761

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Analysis of factors that regulate HIV-1 fusion in reverse

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 13, 2025

Based on observations that HIV-1 envelope (Env) proteins the surfaces of cells have capacity to fuse with neighboring or enveloped viruses express CD4 receptors and CXCR4 co-receptors, we tested factors affect capacities lentiviral vectors pseudotyped variants infect Env-expressing cells. The process, which refer as fusion in reverse, involves binding activation cellular Env membranes lentiviruses carrying proteins. We found infection via reverse depends cell surface levels, is inhibitable by an HIV-1-specific inhibitor, preferentially requires pseudotyping a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored variant, cytoplasmic tail-truncated protein. demonstrated latently HIV-1-infected can be specifically infected using this mechanism, increases efficiency. approach allowed us characterize how alteration plus lipid affected protein activities. In particular, perturbation membrane cholesterol levels did not activity. contrast, assembled deficient for long chain sphingolipids showed increased infectivities, while incorporated scramblase were non-infectious. Our results yield new insights influence functions.

Language: Английский

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Modulating cell stiffness to improve macrophage antibacterial defense: Utilizing spermidine-functionalized black phosphorus nanosheets for periodontitis treatment

Journal of Material Science and Technology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Analysis of Factors That Regulate HIV-1 Fusion in Reverse

Viruses, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(4), P. 472 - 472

Published: March 26, 2025

Based on observations that HIV-1 envelope (Env) proteins the surfaces of cells have capacity to fuse with neighboring or enveloped viruses express CD4 receptors and CXCR4 co-receptors, we tested factors affect capacities lentiviral vectors pseudotyped variants infect Env-expressing cells. The process, which refer as fusion in reverse, involves binding activation cellular Env membranes lentiviruses carrying proteins. We found infection via reverse depends cell surface levels, is inhibitable by an HIV-1-specific inhibitor, preferentially requires pseudotyping a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored variant cytoplasmic tail-truncated protein. demonstrated latently HIV-1-infected can be specifically infected using this mechanism, increases efficiency. approach allowed us characterize how alteration plus lipid affected protein activities. In particular, perturbation membrane cholesterol levels did not activity. contrast, assembled deficient for long-chain sphingolipids showed increased infectivities, while incorporated scramblase were non-infectious. Our results yield new insights into influence functions.

Language: Английский

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Extracellular vesicles: a new frontier in diagnosing and treating graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation

Journal of Nanobiotechnology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: March 26, 2025

Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is a prevalent complication following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and characterized by relatively high morbidity mortality rates. GvHD can result in extensive systemic damage patients HSCT (allo-HSCT), with the skin, gastrointestinal tract, liver frequently being primary target organs affected. The severe manifestations of acute intestinal often indicate poor prognosis for after allo-HSCT. Endoscopy histopathological evaluation remain employed to diagnose GvHD, auxiliary examinations exclude differential diagnoses. Currently, reliable serum biomarkers diagnosis are scarce. As an essential part standard transplant protocols, early application immunosuppressive drugs effectively prevents GvHD. Among them, steroids represent first-line therapeutic agents, JAK2 inhibitor ruxolitinib represents second-line agent. no efficacious treatment modality exists steroid-resistant aGvHD. Therefore, still face significant medical demands. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) nanometer micrometer-scale biomembrane containing various bioactive components, such as proteins, nucleotides, metabolites. Distinctive changes serum-derived EV components occur allo-HSCT; Hence, EVs expected be potential diagnosing treating Furthermore, cell-free therapeutics derived from mesenchymal cells (MSCs) have manifested remarkable efficacy preclinical models trials Customized engineered fewer toxic side effects combined hold broad prospects clinical translation. This review article examines value translating into applications It summarizes latest advancements applying

Language: Английский

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