Abstract
Muscle
atrophy,
characterized
by
the
loss
of
muscle
mass
and
function,
is
a
hallmark
sarcopenia
cachexia,
frequently
associated
with
aging,
malignant
tumors,
chronic
heart
failure,
malnutrition.
Moreover,
it
poses
significant
challenges
to
human
health,
leading
increased
frailty,
reduced
quality
life,
heightened
mortality
risks.
Despite
extensive
research
on
consensus
in
their
assessment
remains
elusive,
inconsistent
conclusions
regarding
molecular
mechanisms.
atrophy
models
are
crucial
tools
for
advancing
this
field.
Currently,
animal
used
clinical
basic
scientific
studies
induced
through
various
methods,
including
genetic
editing,
nutritional
modification,
exercise,
wasting
diseases,
drug
administration.
also
include
vitro
small
organism
models.
value,
each
these
has
certain
limitations.
This
review
focuses
limitations
diverse
applications
understand
encourage
rational
use
future
research,
therefore
deepening
understanding
underlying
pathophysiological
mechanisms,
ultimately
exploration
therapeutic
strategies
cachexia.
Theranostics,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14(12), P. 4598 - 4621
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Over
the
past
ten
years,
significant
advancements
have
been
made
in
exploring
plant-derived
exosome-like
nanoparticles
(PELNs)
for
disease
therapeutics
and
drug
delivery.
PELNs,
as
inherent
nanoscale
particles
comprised
of
proteins,
lipids,
nucleic
acids,
secondary
metabolites,
exhibit
capacity
cellular
uptake
by
human
cells.
This
intercellular
interaction
transcends
biological
boundaries,
effectively
influencing
functions
animals.
PELNs
outstanding
biocompatibility,
low
immunogenicity,
enhanced
safety,
environmentally
friendly
sustainability.
article
summarized
preparation
methods
characteristics
PELNs.
It
provided
a
systematic
review
varied
roles
derived
from
fruits,
vegetables,
herbs
The
challenges
their
production
application
were
discussed,
future
prospects
this
rapidly
evolving
field
explored.
Current Issues in Molecular Biology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
47(3), P. 144 - 144
Published: Feb. 22, 2025
Exosome-like
nanovesicles
(ELNs)
derived
from
natural
products
are
gaining
attention
as
innovative
therapeutic
agents
due
to
their
biocompatibility,
low
immunogenicity,
and
capability
transport
bioactive
molecules
such
proteins,
lipids,
nucleic
acids.
These
plant-derived
ELNs
exhibit
structural
similarities
with
mammalian
exosomes,
making
them
suitable
for
drug
delivery,
microbiome-targeted
therapies,
regenerative
medicine.
Recent
studies
highlight
potential
in
treating
cancer,
inflammation,
metabolic
disorders.
Additionally,
have
applications
cosmetics,
agriculture,
the
food
industry.
This
review
combines
latest
advancements
research
on
ELNs,
focusing
isolation
techniques,
pharmacological
effects,
applications.
Although
offer
promising
opportunities,
several
challenges
must
be
addressed,
including
standardization,
large-scale
production,
vivo
efficacy.
By
summarizing
cutting-edge
suggesting
future
directions,
we
aim
inspire
further
development
of
next-generation
platforms.
Biology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
14(4), P. 377 - 377
Published: April 6, 2025
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
those
with
a
double-membrane
structure
that
contains
proteins,
lipids,
nucleic
acids,
and
other
biologically
active
substances
play
an
important
role
in
cell–cell
cell–environment
communication.
They
have
also
become
mechanism
for
exchanging
cellular
molecules.
As
many
studies
on
EVs
been
conducted,
plant-derived
extracellular
(PDEVs)
started
attracting
attention.
The
biological
activity
stability
of
PDEVs
closely
related
to
the
extraction
separation
methods,
choosing
method
meets
requirements
is
important.
methods
include
ultracentrifugation,
ultrafiltration,
size-exclusion
chromatography,
etc.
In
recent
years,
it
has
found
through
research
possess
properties,
such
as
anti-inflammatory,
anti-cancer,
anti-infective
they
show
unique
advantages
therapeutic
agents
drug
carriers.
Therefore,
we
collected
scientific
literature
derived
from
more
than
dozen
fruits
vegetables,
summarized
analyzed
their
extraction,
separation,
roles
disease
treatment,
aiming
provide
reference
inspiration
in-depth
study
efficacy
new
drugs.
Metabolites,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
15(5), P. 322 - 322
Published: May 13, 2025
Background:
Muscle
loss
during
sarcopenia
and
atrophy
is
also
commonly
associated
with
age-related
insulin
resistance.
Interestingly,
branched-chain
amino
acids
(BCAA)
which
are
known
for
stimulating
muscle
protein
synthesis
elevated
resistance
sarcopenic
obesity.
Objectives:
This
study
investigated
the
effects
of
interplay
between
on
sensitivity,
mitochondrial
metabolism,
BCAA
catabolic
capacity
in
a
myotube
model
skeletal
Methods:
C2C12
myotubes
were
treated
dexamethasone
to
induce
atrophy.
Insulin
was
induced
via
hyperinsulinemia.
Gene
expression
measured
using
qRT-PCR
Western
blot,
while
lipid
content
assessed
fluorescent
staining.
Cell
metabolism
analyzed
Seahorse
metabolic
assays.
Results:
Both
dexamethasone-induced
independently
reduced
insulin-stimulated
pAkt
levels,
as
well
function
content.
However,
neither
treatment
affected
gene
or
biogenesis
Although
sensitivity
otherwise
previously
insulin-sensitive
cells,
had
no
significant
effect
extracellular
Conclusions:
Our
findings
indicate
demonstrate
that
both
can
reduce
function,
though
only
limited
observed
indicators
catabolism
utilization.
emphasizes
need
future
studies
investigate
mechanisms
underlie
other
disorders
develop
new
interventions.
International Journal of Nanomedicine,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
Volume 19, P. 12793 - 12815
Published: Nov. 1, 2024
Plant-derived
exosome-like
nanovesicles
(PELNs)
from
edible
plants,
isolated
by
ultracentrifugation,
size
exclusion
chromatography
or
other
methods,
were
proved
to
contain
a
variety
of
biologically
active
and
therapeutically
specific
components.
Recently,
investigations
in
the
field
PELN-based
biomedicine
have
been
conducted,
which
positioned
those
as
promising
tools
for
prevention
treatment
several
diseases,
with
their
natural
origin
potentially
offering
superior
biocompatibility
bioavailability.
However,
inadequate
targeting
limited
therapeutic
effects
constrain
utility
clinical
translation
PELNs.
Thus,
strategies
aiming
at
bridging
gap
engineering
PELNs
great
interest.
Those
approaches
include
membrane
hybridization,
physical
chemical
surface
functionalization
encapsulation
payloads.
Herein,
we
provide
comprehensive
overview
biogenesis
composition,
isolation
purification
methods
characterization
PELNs,
well
functions.
Current
knowledge
on
construction
biomedical
application
engineered
reviewed.
Additionally,
future
directions
perspectives
this
discussed
order
further
enrich
expand
prospects
ACS Materials Letters,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
7(1), P. 1 - 23
Published: Nov. 21, 2024
With
the
continuous
increase
in
average
life
expectancy,
population
aging
has
become
a
significant
health
issue
21st
century.
The
rising
prevalence
of
age-related
diseases
brought
tremendous
pressure
on
social
medical
systems
and
economy.
Against
this
backdrop,
research
anticellular
hot
spot
field
biomedicine,
biomaterials
are
showing
new
trends
potential
area.
Compared
to
drugs
other
traditional
anti-aging
strategies,
can
be
personalized
target
characteristics
different
tissues,
serving
as
drug
delivery
carriers
enhance
targeting,
directly
influence
cellular
process
by
modulating
microenvironment.
Furthermore,
offer
innovative
approaches
diagnosing
building
sophisticated
models,
which
our
understanding
biology
behind
speed
up
advancement
novel
treatments.
This
review
synthesizes
latest
advancements
biomaterial
for
combating
aging,
exploring
future
prospects
challenges.
