Immunological and Metabolic Causes of Infertility in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(6), P. 1567 - 1567

Published: May 28, 2023

Infertility has been recognized as a civilizational disease. One of the most common causes infertility is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Closely interrelated immunometabolic mechanisms underlie development this complex and lead to infertility. The direct cause in PCOS ovulation implantation disorders caused by low-grade inflammation ovarian tissue endometrium which, turn, result from immune metabolic system disorders. systemic response, particular inflammatory conjunction with disorders, insulin resistance (IR), hyperadrenalism, insufficient secretion progesterone, oxidative stress not only cardiovascular diseases, cancer, autoimmunity, lipid metabolism but also Depending on genetic environmental conditions well certain cultural factors, some diseases may occur immediately, while others become apparent years after an diagnosis. Each them alone can be significant factor contributing Further research will allow clinical management protocols established for patients experiencing so that targeted therapy approach applied underlying driving “vicious circle” alongside symptomatic treatment stimulation. Hence, fertility should conducted interdisciplinary teams specialists in-depth understanding molecular relationships implications between immunological factors trigger reproductive necessary restore physiology homeostasis body and, thus, fertility, among patients.

Language: Английский

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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) increases the risk of subsequent gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM): A novel therapeutic perspective

Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 310, P. 121069 - 121069

Published: Oct. 13, 2022

Language: Английский

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Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: The Relevant Role of the Theca and Granulosa Cells in the Pathogenesis of the Ovarian Dysfunction

Cells, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 174 - 174

Published: Dec. 31, 2022

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common heterogeneous endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age. The pathogenesis PCOS remains elusive; however, there evidence suggesting potential contribution genetic interactions or predispositions combined with environmental factors. Among these, disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have been proposed to potentially contribute etiology PCOS. Granulosa and theca cells are known cooperate maintain ovarian function, any disturbance can lead disorders, such as This article provides a review recent knowledge on pathophysiology, role granulosa in pathogenesis, linking exposure EDCs disorders

Language: Английский

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Pathophysiological Effects of Contemporary Lifestyle on Evolutionary-Conserved Survival Mechanisms in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Life, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 1056 - 1056

Published: April 20, 2023

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is increasingly being characterized as an evolutionary mismatch disorder that presents with a complex mixture of metabolic and endocrine symptoms. The Evolutionary Model proposes PCOS arises from collection inherited polymorphisms have been consistently demonstrated in variety ethnic groups races. In utero developmental programming susceptible genomic variants are thought to predispose the offspring develop PCOS. Postnatal exposure lifestyle environmental risk factors results epigenetic activation developmentally programmed genes disturbance hallmarks health. resulting pathophysiological changes represent consequences poor-quality diet, sedentary behaviour, disrupting chemicals, stress, circadian disruption, other factors. Emerging evidence suggests lifestyle-induced gastrointestinal dysbiosis plays central role pathogenesis Lifestyle exposures initiate result microbiome (dysbiosis), immune dysregulation (chronic inflammation), altered metabolism (insulin resistance), reproductive imbalance (hyperandrogenism), nervous system dysfunction (neuroendocrine autonomic system). can be progressive condition leads obesity, gestational diabetes, type two metabolic-associated fatty liver disease, syndrome, cardiovascular cancer. This review explores mechanisms underpin between ancient survival pathways contemporary involved pathophysiology

Language: Английский

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Gonadotropins as pharmacological agents in assisted reproductive technology and polycystic ovary syndrome

Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 34(4), P. 194 - 215

Published: Feb. 28, 2023

Language: Английский

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Mogroside V Improves Follicular Development and Ovulation in Young-Adult PCOS Rats Induced by Letrozole and High-Fat Diet Through Promoting Glycolysis

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: March 28, 2022

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous endocrine disorder characterized by hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, and polycystic ovaries. In this study, we induced young-adult PCOS rat model oral administration of letrozole combined with high-fat diet then treated mogroside V (MV) to evaluate the protective effects MV on follicle development in rats. (600 mg/kg/day) not only significantly reduced body weight weight, but also attenuated disrupted estrous cycle decreased level testosterone. restored follicular development, especially increasing number corpus luteum thickness granular layer POCS Moreover, metabolomics showed that markedly increased levels D-Glucose 6-phosphate, lactate GTP, while pyruvate. Bioinformatic analysis revealed recovered multiple metabolism-related processes including gluconeogenesis, glycolysis glucose metabolic process. Further real-time quantitative PCR upregulated expression dehydrogenase A (Ldha), hexokinase 2 (Hk2) pyruvate kinase M2 (Pkm2). Western blotting immunohistochemistry Collectively, these findings indicated could effectively improve ovarian microenvironment upregulating LDHA, HK2 PKM2 granulosa cells enhancing energy production, which may contribute ovulation

Language: Английский

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Reducing the Risk of Pre-Eclampsia in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Using a Combination of Pregnancy Screening, Lifestyle, and Medical Management Strategies

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 1774 - 1774

Published: March 20, 2024

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a multisystem disorder that presents with variety of phenotypes involving metabolic, endocrine, reproductive, and psychological symptoms signs. Women PCOS are at increased risk pregnancy complications including implantation failure, miscarriage, gestational diabetes, fetal growth restriction, preterm labor, pre-eclampsia (PE). This may be attributed to the presence specific susceptibility features associated before during pregnancy, such as chronic systemic inflammation, insulin resistance (IR), hyperandrogenism, all which have been an complications. Many reversible following lifestyle interventions diet exercise, pregnant women healthy found lower complications, PE. narrative synthesis summarizes evidence investigating PE role nutritional factors in PCOS. The findings suggest beneficial aspects management PCOS, recommended evidence-based international guidelines, extend improved outcomes. Identifying high-risk will allow targeted interventions, early-pregnancy screening, surveillance for should included assessment algorithms

Language: Английский

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Obesity: A Doorway to a Molecular Path Leading to Infertility

Cureus, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 27, 2022

The dramatic rise in obesity has recently made it a global health issue. About 1.9 billion were overweight, and 650 million populations obese 2016. Obese women suffer longer conception time, lowered fertility rates, greater rates of miscarriage. Obesity alters hormones such as adiponectin leptin, affecting all levels within the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) are inflammatory cytokines that may play an important role pathophysiology ovarian dysfunction obesity. In males, there altered sperm parameters, reduced testosterone, increased estradiol, hypogonadism, epigenetic modifications transmitted to offspring. focus this article is on possible adverse effects reproductive resulting from sheds light different molecular pathways linking with infertility both female male subjects. Electronic databases Google Scholar, Embase, Science Direct, PubMed, Search Engine utilized find infertility-related papers. search strategy detailed method section. Even though multiple research work shown impacts negatively, significant perform extensive mechanisms link infertility. This therapeutics be developed aiming at these manage prevent negative system.

Language: Английский

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Interplay of Cortisol, Testosterone, and Abdominal Fat Mass in Normal-weight Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Journal of the Endocrine Society, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 7(8)

Published: June 7, 2023

Ovarian and adrenal steroidogenesis underlie endocrine-metabolic dysfunction in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Adipocytes express aldo-keto reductase 1C3 type 1 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, which modulate peripheral androgen cortisol production.To compare serum steroids, including 11-oxygenated androgens (11-oxyandrogens), cortisol, cortisone between normal-weight women with PCOS body mass index- age-matched ovulatory normal-androgenic profiles (controls), assess whether steroids associate abdominal adipose deposition.Prospective, cross-sectional, cohort study.Academic medical center.Twenty 20 index-/age-matched controls.Blood sampling, IV glucose tolerance testing, total-body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry.Clinical characteristics, hormonal concentrations, fat distribution.Women had higher total/free testosterone (T) androstenedione (A4) levels a greater android/gynoid than controls (androgens P < .001; ratio, = .026). Serum T A4 correlated positively ratio all combined (P .025, values). 11ß-hydroxyA4, 11-ketoA4, 11ß-hydroxyT, 11-ketoT, were comparable female types unrelated to distribution. 11-oxyandrogens negatively % total fat, but lost significance adjusting for cortisol. levels, however, inversely android .021), trend toward reduced vs .075), suggesting diminished dehydrogenase activity.Reduced may protect against preferential normal 11-oxyandrogens.

Language: Английский

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Excessive caffeine intake inhibits steroidogenesis, folliculogenesis and disrupts utero-ovarian tissue histomorphology integrity in experimental rats, and precipitates polycystic ovary syndrome in Sprague-Dawley rats

Food Chemistry Advances, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4, P. 100678 - 100678

Published: March 16, 2024

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by anovulation and hyperandrogenism symptoms. Caffeine popularly consumed it a legal psychoactive substance. This study evaluated the effect of excessive caffeine intake on utero-ovarian tissue in polycystic ovary rats. Twenty-four female rats randomized into group A control received 2 ml normal saline. Group B 4 mg/kg body weight (bwt) i.p estradiol valerate (EV) first day, C 100 bwt orally, D EV orally. The experiment lasted 30 days. Histology uterus, oxidative antioxidant, reproductive hormone, lipid profile, inflammatory markers, apoptosis markers were evaluated. histoarchitecture revealed degeneration theca cells, granulosa, corpus luteum, loss mucin granules uterine tissues PCOS, CAF, PCO+CAF. estrous cycle became irregular, with prolonged diestrous proestrus phases. Marked rise decline activities enzymatic antioxidants, response, caspase-dependent apoptosis, hormonal imbalance. Excessive consumption, therefore impaired integrity, hormones, indicators, oxidant antioxidant parameters, apoptotic cycle.

Language: Английский

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