Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
27(1)
Published: April 9, 2025
In
recent
years,
several
pre-clinical
studies
have
demonstrated
the
therapeutic
potential
of
stem
cell-derived
exosomes
in
treatment
cardiovascular
disease
(CVD).
Here,
we
evaluate
their
as
biomarkers
for
detection
and
monitoring
CVD,
with
a
particular
focus
on
pediatric
heart
disease.
Exosomes
isolated
from
cell
sources,
including
mesenchymal
cells
(MSCs)
pluripotent
(PSCs),
benefit
function,
inflammatory
responses,
angiogenesis
injured
diseased
hearts.
These
carry
variety
cargo,
such
proteins,
lipids,
nucleic
acids.
However,
majority
contain
non-coding
RNA
molecules.
Review
existing
literature
RNAs
relationship
to
CVD
suggests
that
containing
microRNAs
(miRNAs)
can
serve
promising
due
presence
circulation,
ease
isolation,
potential.
are
especially
screening
diagnostic
tools
early
congenital
Nano Today,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
49, P. 101771 - 101771
Published: Feb. 7, 2023
Exosomes
are
small
nanosized
biovesicles
that
form
when
multivesicular
bodies
and
the
plasma
membrane
fuse
released
into
surrounding
body
fluids.
They
best
known
for
their
multifunction
in
mediating
intercellular
communication
by
transferring
various
biomolecules,
including
DNA,
RNAs,
proteins,
lipids,
a
short-
long-distance
manner
have
been
identified
as
health
disease
messengers.
Importantly,
exosomes
necessary
physiological
processes
disease.
The
generation
of
depends
on
status
disease,
which
usually
exhibits
opposite
roles
inducing
enhanced
cellular
stress
damage.
Recently,
exosome-based
nanotechnologies
provided
unprecedented
opportunities
to
boost
developments
exosome-related
biology,
chemistry,
pathology,
therapeutics
different
diseases
based
unique
structural/compositional/morphological
characteristics
next-generation
nanomedicines.
Herein,
we
provide
comprehensive
overview
recent
advances
exosome
nanotechnology
research,
classification,
isolation
preparation,
constitution,
biological
function,
nanobiomedical
applications
treatment
diagnosis.
Furthermore,
future
prospects
were
also
concluded.
This
review
will
more
inspiration
promoting
development
advanced
theranostic
nanoplatforms
nanotechnology.
Frontiers in Neurology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14
Published: Jan. 15, 2024
An
interdisciplinary
fetal-neonatal
neurology
(FNN)
program
over
the
first
1,000
days
teaches
perspectives
of
neural
exposome
that
are
applicable
across
life
span.
This
curriculum
strengthens
neonatal
neurocritical
care,
pediatric,
and
adult
training
objectives.
Teaching
at
maternal-pediatric
hospital
centers
optimally
merges
reproductive,
pregnancy,
pediatric
approaches
to
healthcare.
Phenotype–genotype
expressions
health
or
disease
pathways
represent
a
dynamic
developmental
time.
The
science
uncertainty
applied
FNN
re-enforces
importance
shared
clinical
decisions
minimize
bias
reduce
cognitive
errors.
Trainees
select
mentoring
committee
participants
will
maximize
their
learning
experiences.
Standardized
questions
oral
presentations
monitor
educational
progress.
Master
doctoral
defense
preparation
competitive
research
funding
can
be
goals
for
specific
individuals.
principles
practice
offer
an
understanding
gene–environment
interactions
recognizes
effects
reproductive
on
maternal-placental-fetal
triad,
neonate,
child,
adult.
Pre-conception
prenatal
adversities
potentially
diminish
life-course
brain
health.
Endogenous
exogenous
toxic
stressor
interplay
(TSI)
alters
through
maladaptive
neuroplasticity.
Developmental
disorders
epilepsy
primarily
expressed
during
days.
Communicable
noncommunicable
illnesses
continue
interact
with
express
diverse
neurologic
lifespan,
particularly
critical/sensitive
time
periods
adolescence
senescence.
Anomalous
destructive
fetal
neuropathologic
lesions
change
this
developmental-aging
continuum.
integrated
placental,
neonatal,
childhood,
offers
perspective
exposome.
Exosome
promises
improved
monitoring
drug
delivery
starting
pregnancy.
origins
anticipate
diagnoses
interventions
benefit
successive
generations.
Addressing
care
disparities
in
Global
South
high-income
country
medical
deserts
require
constructive
dialogue
among
stakeholders
achieve
equity.
Population
policies
capital
strategy
reduces
global
burden
diseases
by
applying
practice.
integrative
approach
prolong
survival
quality
persons
lifespan
confronted
neurological
disorders.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
23(12), P. 6480 - 6480
Published: June 9, 2022
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
lipid
bilayer
membrane
particles
that
play
critical
roles
in
intracellular
communication
through
EV-encapsulated
informative
content,
including
proteins,
lipids,
and
nucleic
acids.
Mesenchymal
stem
cells
(MSCs)
pluripotent
with
self-renewal
ability
derived
from
bone
marrow,
fat,
umbilical
cord,
menstruation
blood,
pulp,
etc.,
which
they
use
to
induce
tissue
regeneration
by
their
direct
recruitment
into
injured
tissues,
the
heart,
liver,
lung,
kidney,
or
secreting
factors,
such
as
vascular
endothelial
growth
factor
insulin-like
factor.
Recently,
MSC-derived
EVs
have
been
shown
regenerative
effects
against
various
diseases,
partially
due
post-transcriptional
regulation
of
target
genes
miRNAs.
Furthermore,
garnered
attention
novel
drug
delivery
systems,
because
can
specially
encapsulate
molecules.
In
this
review,
we
summarize
molecular
mechanisms
EVs.
Analytical Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
95(44), P. 16029 - 16048
Published: Oct. 24, 2023
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
crucial
mediators
of
intercellular
communication
and
can
be
classified
based
on
their
physical
properties,
biomolecular
structure,
origin.
Among
EVs,
exosomes
have
garnered
significant
attention
due
to
potential
as
therapeutic
diagnostic
tools.
Exosomes
released
via
fusion
multivesicular
bodies
plasma
membranes
isolated
from
various
biofluids
using
methods
such
differential
ultracentrifugation,
immune
affinity
capture,
ultrafiltration,
size
exclusion
chromatography.
Herein,
an
overview
different
techniques
for
exosome
characterization
isolation,
well
the
diverse
applications
detection,
including
use
in
drug
delivery
disease
diagnosis,
is
provided.
Additionally,
we
discuss
emerging
field
detection
by
sensors,
which
offers
up-and-coming
avenue
point-of-care
tools
development.
Overall,
this
review
aims
provide
a
exhaustive
up-to-date
summary
current
state
research.
Immunological Investigations,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 1 - 22
Published: Jan. 17, 2025
Background
MiR-519d-3p,
also
called
specific
placenta
biomarkers,
is
a
member
of
the
Chromosome
19
miRNA
Cluster
(C19MC)
with
highest
concentrations
miRNAs
in
human
and
maternal
serum.
These
are
secreted
by
fetal
trophoblast
cells
within
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
interact
mother's
immune
cells,
which
has
been
proposed
to
be
crucial
for
immunological
tolerance
at
placental-maternal
interface.
A
key
mechanism
preeclampsia,
multifactorial,
multipath
hypertensive
pregnancy
illness,
an
imbalance
between
mother
fetus.
ACS Sensors,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
8(7), P. 2493 - 2513
Published: July 14, 2023
Serving
as
the
interface
between
fetal
and
maternal
circulation,
placenta
plays
a
critical
role
in
growth
development.
Placental
exosomes
are
small
membrane-bound
extracellular
vesicles
released
by
during
pregnancy.
They
contain
variety
of
biomolecules,
including
lipids,
proteins,
nucleic
acids,
which
can
potentially
be
biomarkers
diseases.
An
increasing
number
studies
have
demonstrated
utility
placental
for
diagnosis
monitoring
pathological
conditions
such
pre-eclampsia
gestational
diabetes.
This
suggests
that
may
serve
new
liquid
biopsy
analysis.
review
provides
an
overview
current
understanding
biological
function
their
potential
Additionally,
this
highlights
barriers
way
forward
standardization
validation
known
techniques
exosome
isolation,
characterization,
detection.
Finally,
microfluidic
devices
research
discussed.
Pharmaceutical Research,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
41(8), P. 1573 - 1594
Published: Aug. 1, 2024
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
serve
as
an
intrinsic
system
for
delivering
functional
molecules
within
our
body,
playing
significant
roles
in
diverse
physiological
phenomena
and
diseases.
Both
native
engineered
EVs
are
currently
the
subject
of
extensive
research
promising
therapeutics
drug
delivery
systems,
primarily
due
to
their
remarkable
attributes,
such
targeting
capabilities,
biocompatibility,
low
immunogenicity
mutagenicity.
Nevertheless,
clinical
application
is
still
a
long
way
off
owing
multiple
limitations.
In
this
context,
Science
Board
Pharmaceuticals
Medical
Devices
Agency
(PMDA)
Japan
has
conducted
comprehensive
assessment
identify
current
issues
related
quality
safety
EV-based
therapeutic
products.
Furthermore,
we
have
presented
several
examples
state-of-the-art
methodologies
employed
EV
manufacturing,
along
with
guidelines
critical
processes,
production,
purification,
characterization,
evaluation
control,
assessment,
development
therapeutics.
These
endeavors
aim
facilitate
pave
transformative
impact
healthcare.
Virulence,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14(1)
Published: Feb. 16, 2023
Intercellular
communication
among
microbes
plays
an
important
role
in
disease
exacerbation.
Recent
advances
have
described
small
vesicles,
termed
as
"extracellular
vesicles"
(EVs),
previously
disregarded
"cellular
dust"
to
be
vital
the
intracellular
and
intercellular
host-microbe
interactions.
These
signals
been
known
initiate
host
damage
transfer
of
a
variety
cargo
including
proteins,
lipid
particles,
DNA,
mRNA,
miRNAs.
Microbial
EVs,
referred
generally
"membrane
(MVs),
play
key
exacerbation
suggesting
their
importance
pathogenicity.
Host
EVs
help
coordinate
antimicrobial
responses
prime
immune
cells
for
pathogen
attack.
Hence
with
central
microbe-host
communication,
may
serve
diagnostic
biomarkers
microbial
pathogenesis.
In
this
review,
we
summarize
current
research
regarding
roles
markers
pathogenesis
specific
focus
on
interaction
defence
potential
conditions.
Frontiers in Immunology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15
Published: March 19, 2024
The
complex
pathogenesis
of
preeclampsia
(PE),
a
significant
contributor
to
maternal
and
neonatal
mortality
globally,
is
poorly
understood
despite
substantial
research.
This
review
explores
the
involvement
exosomal
microRNAs
(exomiRs)
in
PE,
focusing
on
their
impact
protein
kinase
B
(AKT)/hypoxia-inducible
factor
1-α
(HIF1α)/vascular
endothelial
growth
(VEGF)
signaling
pathway
as
well
cell
proliferation
migration.
Specifically,
this
article
amalgamates
existing
evidence
reveal
pivotal
role
exomiRs
regulating
mesenchymal
stem
trophoblast
function,
placental
angiogenesis,
renin–angiotensin
system,
nitric
oxide
production,
which
may
contribute
PE
etiology.
emphasizes
limited
knowledge
regarding
while
underscoring
potential
non-invasive
biomarkers
for
diagnosis,
prediction,
treatment.
Further,
it
provides
valuable
insights
into
mechanisms
highlighting
key
players
with
clinical
implications,
warranting
further
exploration
enhance
current
understanding
development
novel
therapeutic
interventions.
Stem Cell Reviews and Reports,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
20(6), P. 1501 - 1511
Published: May 30, 2024
Abstract
The
placenta
plays
a
crucial
role
in
maintaining
normal
pregnancy.
failure
of
spiral
artery
remodeling
(SAR)
is
key
factor
leading
to
placental
ischemia
and
poor
perfusion
which
strongly
associated
with
obstetric
diseases,
including
preeclampsia
(PE)
fetal
growth
restriction
(FGR).
Existing
interventions
for
PE
FGR
are
limited
termination
pregnancy
inevitable
when
the
maternal
or
fetus
condition
deteriorates.
Considering
safety
mother
fetus,
treatments
that
may
penetrate
barrier
harm
not
accepted.
Developing
targeted
treatment
strategies
these
conditions
urgent
necessary.
With
proven
efficacy
therapy
treating
such
as
endometrial
cancer
trophoblastic
tumors,
research
on
dysfunction
continues
deepen.
This
article
reviews
studies
placenta-targeted
drug
delivery
strategies,
summarizes
characteristics
proposes
corresponding
improvement
measures
treatment,
provides
solutions
existing
problems,
makes
suggestions
future
studies.
Graphical
abstract
