Translational Neurodegeneration,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(1)
Published: Dec. 6, 2024
Abstract
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
membrane
originating
from
different
cells
within
the
brain.
The
pathophysiological
role
of
EVs
in
neurodegenerative
diseases
is
progressively
acknowledged.
This
field
has
advanced
basic
biological
research
to
essential
clinical
significance.
capacity
selectively
enrich
specific
subsets
biofluids
via
distinctive
surface
markers
opened
new
avenues
for
molecular
understandings
across
various
tissues
and
organs,
notably
In
recent
years,
brain-derived
have
been
extensively
investigated
as
biomarkers,
therapeutic
targets,
drug-delivery
vehicles
diseases.
review
provides
a
brief
overview
characteristics
physiological
functions
classes
EVs,
focusing
on
mechanisms
by
which
types
mediate
occurrence
development
Concurrently,
novel
approaches
challenges
use
delivery
delineated.
Drug Design Development and Therapy,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
Volume 19, P. 827 - 840
Published: Feb. 1, 2025
Background:
The
neuropathic
pain
side
induced
by
Vincristine
severely
limit
its
clinical
application.
However,
the
mechanism
of
is
not
clear.
This
study
aims
to
clarify
C/EBP-β
regulating
TGF-β
1
mediated
spinal
astrocyte
A1/A2
polarization
in
caused
vincristine.
Methods:
Neuropathic
model
was
established
rats
intraperitoneal
injection
(VCR).
In
vitro
experiment,
constructed
Vincristine,
and
si-C/EBP-β
regulated
before
VCR
administration.
Pain
threshold
measured
thermal
withdrawal
latency
(TWL)
mechanical
(MWT),
Elisa
used
detect
expression
level
inflammatory
factors,
qRT
PCR
Western
blotting
were
markers,
C/EBP-β,
1,
p-smad2
p-smad3.
Results:
Following
administration,
TWL
MWT
exhibited
a
decrease.
Additionally,
there
an
increase
A1
astrocytes,
while
A2
remained
relatively
unchanged.
Furthermore,
levels
pro-inflammatory
factors
elevated,
whereas
no
significant
alterations
observed
anti-inflammatory
factors.
Notably,
promoted
1.
inhibitor
alleviated
release
proinflammatory
ameliorated
abnormal
pain.
Moreover,
silencing
reversed
enhanced
attenuated
factor
release.
Conclusion:
cord
inflammation
promoting
astrocytes
via
upregulating
C/EBP-β/TGF-β
signal
pathway,
thus
leading
It
different
from
traditional
this
shown
new
pathway
for
polarization,
which
may
provide
possibility
treatment
Keywords:
pain,
neuroinflammation
Neuroglia,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
6(1), P. 12 - 12
Published: March 2, 2025
Background/Objectives:
Spinal
cord
injury
(SCI)
is
a
devastating
condition
that
leads
to
cascade
of
cellular
and
molecular
events,
resulting
in
both
primary
secondary
damage.
Among
the
many
cells
involved
post-SCI
environment,
glial
spinal
brain
are
pivotal
determining
trajectory
repair.
Methods:
While
recent
SCI
studies
have
shown
changes
genotype
following
injury,
exactly
how
these
alterations
occur
after
damage
remains
unknown.
In
this
sense,
systemic
inflammatory
molecules
could
be
connection
between
brain,
inducing
activation
by
different
signaling
pathways.
Preclinical
nuclear
factor-κB
(NF-κB),
Janus
kinase/signal
transducer
activator
transcription
(JAK/STAT),
phosphoinositide
3-kinase/Akt
(PI3K/Akt)
pathways
change
type.
Results:
These
cells,
which
include
astrocytes
microglia,
exhibit
dynamic
responses
contributing
neuroprotection
neurodegeneration.
effects
indicate
environment
causes
type
leading
actions.
Conclusions:
Understanding
mechanisms
cell
activation,
it
possible
clarify
roles
pathophysiology
their
potential
repair
post-injury.
Advanced technology in neuroscience .,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
2(1), P. 16 - 26
Published: Feb. 6, 2025
Spinal
cord
injury
is
a
severe
traumatic
disorder
of
the
central
nervous
system.
Cell
therapy
one
primary
treatment
options
for
spinal
injury,
and
it
has
been
shown
to
have
substantial
effect
on
treatment.
However,
mechanisms
underlying
cell
transplantation
remain
poorly
understood.
The
transition
from
fundamental
research
clinical
application
impeded
by
unresolved
mechanistic
uncertainties,
ethical
safety
concerns,
outdated
methodologies.
Herein,
we
summarize
which
aids
in
recovery
highlight
recent
advances
relevant
methodologies
technologies,
address
challenges
faced
translation.
A
better
understanding
these
overcoming
hurdles
translating
into
practice
are
crucial
hold
considerable
promise
advancing
field.
iRadiology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: March 6, 2025
ABSTRACT
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
is
a
neurodegenerative
characterized
by
progressive
decline
in
cognitive
functions.
Given
that
AD
undermines
the
quality
of
life
for
millions
and
has
an
extended
asymptomatic
period,
exploring
full
pathogenesis
seeking
optimal
therapeutic
solution
have
become
critical
imperative.
This
allows
researchers
to
intervene,
delay,
potentially
prevent
progression.
Several
clinical
imaging
methods
are
utilized
routinely
diagnose
monitor
AD,
such
as
magnetic
resonance
(MRI),
functional
(fMRI),
positron
emission
tomography
(PET),
single
photon
computed
(SPECT).
Nevertheless,
due
their
intrinsic
drawbacks
restrictions,
radiation
concerns,
high
cost,
long
acquisition
time,
low
spatial
resolution,
applications
research
limited,
especially
at
cellular
molecular
levels.
In
contrast,
optical
microscopic
overcome
these
limitations,
offering
variety
approaches
with
distinct
advantages
explore
pathology
on
diverse
models.
this
review,
we
provide
comprehensive
overview
commonly
techniques
introduce
contributions
image
amyloid
beta
(Aβ)
species.
These
include
fluorescence
microscopy
(FM),
confocal
(CM),
two‐photon
(TPFM),
super‐resolution
(SRM),
expansion
(ExM),
light‐sheet
(LSFM).
addition,
some
related
topics,
development
near‐infrared
(NIR)
Aβ
probes,
plaque
hypothesis,
oligomer
roles
microglia
astrocytes
We
believe
continue
play
indispensable
role
deciphering
advancing
strategies.
