Concussion and the Autonomic, Immune, and Endocrine Systems: An Introduction to the Field and a Treatment Framework for Persisting Symptoms

Journal of Personalized Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 33 - 33

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

A significant proportion of patients who sustain a concussion/mild traumatic brain injury endorse persisting, lingering symptoms. The symptoms associated with concussion are nonspecific, and many other medical conditions present similar Medical that overlap symptomatically include anxiety, depression, insomnia, chronic pain, fatigue, fibromyalgia, cervical strain injuries. One the factors may account for these similarities is all disturbances in optimal functioning autonomic nervous system its intricate interactions endocrine immune system—the three primary regulatory systems body. When clinicians working presenting persisting after concussion, evidence-based treatment options drawn from literature limited. We framework assessment following based on available evidence (treatment trials), neuroanatomical principles (research into physiology concussion), clinical judgment. review research supporting premise behavioral interventions designed to stabilize optimize body have potential reduce improve patients. Foundational rehabilitation strategies areas sleep stabilization, fatigue management, physical exercise, nutrition, relaxation protocols, activation outlined along practical implementing intervention modules

Language: Английский

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The Gut-Brain Axis and Neuroinflammation in Traumatic Brain Injury

Molecular Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 62(4), P. 4576 - 4590

Published: Oct. 28, 2024

Language: Английский

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Endocrine dysfunction post-traumatic brain injury: challenges and therapeutic approaches

Acta Neurologica Belgica, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 7, 2025

Language: Английский

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Danshen-Chuanxiong-Honghua Ameliorates Neurological Function and Inflammation in Traumatic Brain injury in Rats via Modulating Ghrelin/GHSR

Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 119625 - 119625

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Ferulic Acid Alleviates Traumatic Brain Injury and Gastrointestinal Disorders by Promoting Ghrelin to Regulate the Microbiota‐Brain‐Gut Axis Inflammation and Pyroptosis

Phytotherapy Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 25, 2025

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a severe condition with high mortality rate, affecting multiple organs, including the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Ghrelin brain-gut peptide that regulates microbiota-brain-gut axis, facilitating communication between GI tract and central nervous system. This study aimed to investigate role of ferulic acid (FA) in regulating improve TBI disorders (GID) induced by controlled cortical impact (CCI). used CCI as vivo model scratch-induced primary astrocytes vitro model. The mechanism FA modulation ameliorating GID were explored using multi-omics network pharmacology analyses. In vivo, results revealed main active component Guanxin II compound mimics its function. Significant improvement hypomotility was observed group compared group. Concurrently, ameliorated intestinal barrier impairment triggered CCI-induced reduction expression reduces inflammatory response. Furthermore, 16S rRNA indicated worsened gut microflora imbalance via while dysbiosis aggravated injury. improved Bacteroidetes Odoribacter mainly targeting Ghrelin-mediated RNA-seq analyses affects inflammation-mediated pyroptosis pathways axis. Additionally, experimental evidence demonstrated reversed rats scratch injury-induced promoting binding GHSR, which suppressed TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway. Conclusively, could alleviate regulate axis inflammation Ghrelin/TLR4/NLRP3

Language: Английский

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A Comprehensive Review of the Brain–Gut Microbiota System in Traumatic Brain Injury: Mechanisms, Outcomes, and Emerging Interventions

Indian Journal of Neurosurgery, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 2, 2025

Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has profound effects that extend beyond the brain, affecting other body systems via secondary pathways and leading to various complications, including gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction during after hospitalization. While advances in TBI management have improved overall outcomes, absence of effective treatments for these systemic highlights urgent need innovative therapeutic strategies. A critical aspect this context is brain–gut axis (BGA), a bidirectional communication network connecting GI system through complex neuronal, hormonal, immune pathways. results increased intestinal permeability hypercatabolic state bacterial translocation, dysregulation, septic multiorgan failure. These complications significantly heighten risk morbidity mortality patients. Emerging evidence suggests gut dysbiosis plays pivotal role post-TBI complications. The microbiome, diverse community commensal microorganisms, integral physiology, performing key functions such as metabolic regulation, maintaining barrier, modulating responses. Disruptions microbiota can exacerbate dysfunction, potentially severe outcomes. This review examines mechanisms underlying BGA following TBI, focusing on contributing dysregulation. Additionally, it discusses strategies aimed at mitigating dysbiosis. Potential interventions include approaches restore microbial balance, enhance barrier integrity, support modulation. By targeting areas, therapies may reduce improve patient

Language: Английский

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Role of the Gut-Brain Axis in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: Insights from Experimental Models and Clinical Studies

Indian Journal of Neurotrauma, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 4, 2025

Abstract Introduction Traumatic brain injury (TBI) induces systemic alterations, including gut microbiome dysbiosis, increased intestinal permeability, and neuroinflammatory responses. This review explores the bidirectional gut-brain interactions, focusing on inflammation, potential therapeutic interventions. Materials Methods A comprehensive of preclinical human studies was conducted to assess microbiota changes following TBI. Key findings microbial shifts, markers, strategies were analyzed. Results Experimental animal models demonstrate that TBI leads loss short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria, bacterial translocation due impaired barrier function. These alterations exacerbate cascades, microglial activation, cytokine release, oxidative stress. Dysbiosis-induced metabolic shifts influence tryptophan metabolism kynurenine pathway contributing excitotoxicity neurodegeneration. Human reveal persistent imbalances in severe patients, correlating with inflammation prolonged recovery. Conclusion Despite growing evidence linking neuroinflammation secondary injury, challenges remain translating clinical applications. Heterogeneity experimental models, variability assessment techniques, gaps mechanistic understanding hinder standardization. Emerging microbiome-targeted therapies, probiotics, offer promising avenues for modulating improving neurological recovery post-TBI. Further research is needed establish causal relationships, optimize strategies, evaluate long-term outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 modulators exert neuroprotective effects in central nervous system disorders

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: May 14, 2025

The sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) signaling pathway has important and diverse functions. S1P receptors (S1PRs) are involved in the regulation of lymphocyte trafficking, cardio-cerebral function, vascular permeability, bronchiolar tone, have been recognized as therapeutic targets for a variety diseases. A number drugs related to approved clinical use treatment multiple sclerosis, many similar also currently being tested trials at various stages. It appears that S1PR modulators may not only be useful but effects on other types central nervous system (CNS) disorders. present review focuses potential S1PR1 treating disorders CNS.

Language: Английский

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Gut brain axis and gut microbiome in glioblastoma. Associations, treatment and outcomes

Medicine in Microecology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100131 - 100131

Published: May 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Extracranial Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury: A Narrative Review

Clinics and Practice, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 47 - 47

Published: Feb. 25, 2025

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is often associated with other injuries and comorbidities. However, even isolated TBI directly leads to dysfunction in multiple body systems outside the central nervous system. These extracranial effects of target including autonomic nervous, cardiovascular, renal, pulmonary, immune, gastrointestinal, hemostasis systems, as well causing significant alteration systemic metabolism. Aim: This review intended outline on place these context treatment considerations for patients. Significance: Systemic have implications acute critical care management patients TBI, pharmacologic treatment. They also affect decisions chronic care, TBI-unrelated routine medical TBI. In addition, should be considered research settings. Conclusions: It important clinicians researchers aware effects, consider their pathology, decisions, interpretation findings.

Language: Английский

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