Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Older Adults: An Update DOI Creative Commons
Franco Alfano, Tommaso Bigoni,

Francesco Paolo Caggiano

et al.

Drugs & Aging, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 41(6), P. 487 - 505

Published: May 7, 2024

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection represents one of the most common infections during childhood, with significant morbidity and mortality in newborns early years life. RSV is a throughout all age groups, largely undetected underestimated adults, disproportionately high impact older individuals. has wide range clinical presentations, from asymptomatic conditions to acute pneumonia severe life-threatening respiratory distress, including exacerbations underlying chronic conditions. Overall, incidence requiring medical attention increases age, it highest among persons ≥ 70 age. As consequence combination an aging population, immunosenescence, related increased burden comorbidities, high-income countries are at risk developing epidemics. The standard care for RSV-infected patients remains supportive, fluids, antipyretics, oxygen support when needed. There urgent need antivirals preventive strategies this particularly individuals higher outcomes following infection. In review, we describe prevention treatment illnesses, deep focus on novel data vaccination that become available (Arexvy, GSK, Abrysvo, Pfizer) adults.

Language: Английский

A guide to vaccinology: from basic principles to new developments DOI Open Access
Andrew J. Pollard, Else M. Bijker

Nature reviews. Immunology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(2), P. 83 - 100

Published: Dec. 22, 2020

Language: Английский

Citations

1167
mRNA vaccines for infectious diseases: principles, delivery and clinical translation DOI Open Access
Namit Chaudhary, Drew Weissman, Kathryn A. Whitehead

et al.

Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 20(11), P. 817 - 838

Published: Aug. 25, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

992
Age-dependent Immune Response to the Biontech/Pfizer BNT162b2 Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination DOI Creative Commons
Lisa Müller,

Marcel Andrée,

Wiebke Moskorz

et al.

Clinical Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 73(11), P. 2065 - 2072

Published: April 24, 2021

Abstract Background The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has led to the development of various vaccines. Real-life data on immune responses elicited in most vulnerable group vaccinees older than age 80 years old are still underrepresented despite prioritization elderly vaccination campaigns. Methods We conducted a cohort study with groups, young below 60 and over years, compare their antibody first second dose BNT162b2 disease 2019 vaccination. Results Although majority participants both groups produced specific immunoglobulin G titers against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, were significantly lower participants. increment levels after immunization was higher participants, absolute mean titer this remained <60 group. After vaccination, 31.3% had no detectable neutralizing antibodies contrast younger group, which only 2.2% antibodies. Conclusions Our showed differences between raised particular frequencies This suggests that population needs be closely monitored may require earlier revaccination and/or an increased vaccine ensure stronger long-lasting immunity protection infection.

Language: Английский

Citations

476
Aging, Immunity, and COVID-19: How Age Influences the Host Immune Response to Coronavirus Infections? DOI Creative Commons
Varnica Bajaj,

Nirupa Gadi,

Allison P. Spihlman

et al.

Frontiers in Physiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Jan. 12, 2021

The novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 causing the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has ravaged world with over 72 million total cases and 1.6 deaths worldwide as of early December 2020. An overwhelming preponderance is observed within elderly population, especially in those pre-existing conditions comorbidities. Aging causes numerous biological changes immune system, which are linked to age-related illnesses susceptibility infectious diseases. Age-related influence host response therefore not only weaken ability fight infections but also mount effective responses vaccines. Immunosenescence inflamm-aging considered key features aging system wherein accumulation senescent cells contribute its decline simultaneously increased inflammatory phenotypes cause dysfunction. quantitative qualitative affect soluble mediators both innate adaptive lymphoid non-lymphoid peripheral tissues. These determine infections, progression clinical outcomes thereafter. Furthermore, therapeutics vaccines influenced by system. Therefore, better understanding pathophysiology will help understand diseases guide targeted management strategies for deadly like COVID-19.

Language: Английский

Citations

438
The aging gut microbiome and its impact on host immunity DOI Open Access
Nabil Bosco, Mario Noti

Genes and Immunity, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(5-6), P. 289 - 303

Published: April 19, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

284
Influence of immune aging on vaccine responses DOI Creative Commons
Claire E. Gustafson, Chulwoo Kim, Cornelia M. Weyand

et al.

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 145(5), P. 1309 - 1321

Published: May 1, 2020

Impaired vaccine responses in older individuals are associated with alterations both the quantity and quality of T-cell compartment age. As reviewed herein, response to vaccination requires a fine balance between generation inflammatory effector T cells versus follicular helper (T

Language: Английский

Citations

246
Major features of immunesenescence, including reduced thymic output, are ameliorated by high levels of physical activity in adulthood DOI Creative Commons
Niharika A. Duggal, Ross D. Pollock, Norman R. Lazarus

et al.

Aging Cell, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 17(2)

Published: March 8, 2018

Summary It is widely accepted that aging accompanied by remodelling of the immune system including thymic atrophy and increased frequency senescent T cells, leading to compromise. However, physical activity, which influences immunity but declines dramatically with age, not considered in this literature. We assessed profiles 125 adults (55–79 years) who had maintained a high level activity (cycling) for much their adult lives, 75 age‐matched older 55 young involved regular exercise. The naïve cells recent emigrants ( RTE ) were both higher cyclists compared inactive elders, was no different adults. Compared less active counterparts, significantly serum levels thymoprotective cytokine IL ‐7 lower ‐6, promotes atrophy. Cyclists also showed additional evidence reduced immunesenescence, namely Th17 polarization B regulatory cell than elders. Physical did protect against all aspects immunesenescence: CD 28 −ve 57 +ve 8 T‐cell differ between conclude many features immunesenescence may be driven age.

Language: Английский

Citations

212
A Comprehensive Review of mRNA Vaccines DOI Open Access
Vrinda Gote, Pradeep Kumar Bolla, Nagavendra Kommineni

et al.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(3), P. 2700 - 2700

Published: Jan. 31, 2023

mRNA vaccines have been demonstrated as a powerful alternative to traditional conventional because of their high potency, safety and efficacy, capacity for rapid clinical development, potential rapid, low-cost manufacturing. These progressed from being mere curiosity emerging COVID-19 pandemic vaccine front-runners. The advancements in the field nanotechnology developing delivery vehicles are highly significant. In this review we summarized each every aspect vaccine. article describes structure, its pharmacological function immunity induction, lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), upstream, downstream, formulation process Additionally, trials also described. A deep dive into future perspectives vaccines, such freeze-drying, systems, LNPs targeting antigen-presenting cells dendritic cells, summarized.

Language: Английский

Citations

209
Advances in Lipid Nanoparticles for mRNA-Based Cancer Immunotherapy DOI Creative Commons
María L. Guevara, Francesca Persano, Stefano Persano

et al.

Frontiers in Chemistry, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: Oct. 23, 2020

Over the past decade, messenger RNA (mRNA) has emerged as potent and flexible platform for development of novel effective cancer immunotherapies. Advances in non-viral gene delivery technologies, especially tremendous progress lipid nanoparticles’ manufacturing, have made possible implementation mRNA-based antitumor treatments. Several immunotherapies demonstrated effect preclinical clinical studies, marked successes been achieved most notably by its therapeutic vaccines, cytokines therapies, checkpoint blockade chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) cell therapy. In this review, we summarize recent advances nanoparticles their applications treatment. Finally, also highlight variety immunotherapeutic approaches through mRNA discuss main factors affecting transfection efficiency tropism mRNA-loaded vivo.

Language: Английский

Citations

203
COVID-19 Infection DOI Creative Commons
John R. Greenland,

Marilyn D. Michelow,

Linlin Wang

et al.

Anesthesiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 132(6), P. 1346 - 1361

Published: March 20, 2020

Healthcare systems worldwide are responding to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), an emerging infectious syndrome caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. Patients with COVID-19 can progress from asymptomatic or mild illness hypoxemic respiratory failure multisystem organ failure, necessitating intubation and intensive care management. providers, particularly anesthesiologists, at frontline of this epidemic, they need be aware best available evidence guide therapeutic management patients keep themselves safe while doing so. Here, authors review pathogenesis, presentation, diagnosis, potential therapeutics, a focus on COVID-19-associated failure. The draw literature other viral epidemics, treatment acute distress syndrome, recent publications COVID-19, as well guidelines major health organizations. This provides comprehensive summary currently critically ill COVID-19.

Language: Английский

Citations

198