Increasing the sensitivity and accuracy of detecting exosomes as biomarkers for cancer monitoring using optical nanobiosensors

Cancer Cell International, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: May 30, 2024

Abstract The advancement of nanoscience and material design in recent times has facilitated the creation point-of-care devices for cancer diagnosis biomolecule sensing. Exosomes (EXOs) facilitate transfer bioactive molecules between cells diverse local distant microenvironments, thereby contributing to progression metastasis. Specifically, EXOs derived from are likely function as biomarkers early detection due genetic or signaling alterations they transport payload within origin. It been verified that circulate steadily bodily secretions contain a variety information indicates tumor. However, acquiring molecular interactions regarding presented significant technical challenges their nanoscale nature high heterogeneity. Colorimetry, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), fluorescence, Raman scattering examples optical techniques utilized quantify exosomal biomarkers, including lipids, proteins, RNA, DNA. Many optically active nanoparticles (NPs), predominantly carbon-based, inorganic, organic, composite-based nanomaterials, have employed biosensing technology. exceptional physical properties exhibited by carbon NPs, noble metal magnetic progress development nanobiosensors intended originating tumors. Following summary biogenesis, biological functions, biomarker value known EXOs, this article provides an update on methodologies currently under investigation. In conclusion, we propose some potential enhancements biosensors detecting EXO, utilizing various NP materials such silicon graphene oxide (GO), quantum dots (QDs).

Language: Английский

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Adeno-Associated Virus Vectors: Principles, Practices, and Prospects in Gene Therapy

Viruses, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(2), P. 239 - 239

Published: Feb. 9, 2025

Gene therapy offers promising potential as an efficacious and long-lasting therapeutic option for genetic conditions, by correcting defective mutations using engineered vectors to deliver material host cells. Among these vectors, adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) stand out their efficiency, versatility, safety, making them one of the leading platforms in gene therapy. The enormous AAVs has been demonstrated through use over 225 clinical trials FDA’s approval six AAV-based products, positioning at forefront field. This review highlights evolution current applications therapy, focusing on successes, ongoing developments, manufacturing processes required rapid commercial growth anticipated AAV market. It also discusses broader implications advancements future strategies targeting more complex multi-systemic conditions biological such aging. Finally, we explore some major challenges currently confronting

Language: Английский

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Small Biological Fighters Against Cancer: Viruses, Bacteria, Archaea, Fungi, Protozoa, and Microalgae

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 665 - 665

Published: March 8, 2025

Despite the progress made in oncological theranostics, cancer remains a global health problem and leading cause of death worldwide. Multidrug radiation therapy resistance is an important challenge treatment. To overcome this great concern clinical practice, conventional therapies are more used combination with modern approaches to improve quality patients’ lives. In review, we emphasize how small biological entities, such as viruses, bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoans, microalgae, well their related structural compounds toxins/metabolites/bioactive molecules, can prevent suppress or regulate malignant initiation, progression, metastasis, responses different therapies. All these fighters free-living parasitic nature and, furthermore, protozoans components human animal microbiomes. Recently, polymorphic microbiomes have been recognized new emerging hallmark cancer. Fortunately, there no limit development novel biomedicine. Thus, viral vector-based based on genetically engineered bacteriotherapy, mycotherapy anti-cancer fungal bioactive compounds, use protozoan parasite-derived proteins, nanoarchaeosomes, microalgae-based microrobots oncology, promoting biomimetic biology-inspired strategies maximize diagnostic efficiency, improved life.

Language: Английский

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Hurdles to healing: Overcoming cellular barriers for viral and nonviral gene therapy

International Journal of Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 125470 - 125470

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Structural studies of Parvoviridae capsid assembly and evolution: implications for novel AAV vector design

Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: April 2, 2025

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors have emerged as powerful tools in gene therapy, potentially treating various genetic disorders. Engineering the AAV capsids through computational methods enables customization of these to enhance their effectiveness and safety. This engineering allows for development therapies that are not only more efficient but also personalized unique profiles. When developing, it is essential understand structural biology vast techniques used guide vector designs. review covers fundamental Parvoviridae capsids, focusing on modern study techniques, including (a) Cryo-electron microscopy X-ray Crystallography studies (b) Comparative analysis capsid structures across different species. Along with structure evolution provided significant insights into design novel which include Structure-guided improved properties, Directed Evolution specific applications, (c) Computational prediction capsid-receptor interactions. Further discussion addressed ongoing challenges proposed future directions exploring enhanced tools, such artificial intelligence/machine learning deep learning.

Language: Английский

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Adeno-associated virus-clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/cas9‑mediated ovarian cancer treatment targeting PD-L1

BMC Cancer, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: April 22, 2025

Language: Английский

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Therapeutic Application and Structural Features of Adeno-Associated Virus Vector

Current Issues in Molecular Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 46(8), P. 8464 - 8498

Published: Aug. 2, 2024

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is characterized by non-pathogenicity, long-term infection, and broad tropism actively developed as a vector for gene therapy products. AAV classified into more than 100 serotypes based on differences in the amino acid sequence of capsid protein. Endocytosis involves uptake viral particles accessory receptors during infection. After entry cell, they are transported to nucleus through nuclear pore complex. AAVs mainly use proteoglycans enter cells, but types sugar chains that have binding ability different. Therefore, it necessary properly evaluate primary structure receptor proteins, such sequences post-translational modifications, including glycosylation, higher-order folding entire three-dimensional (3D) functional domains, ensure efficacy safety biopharmaceuticals. To further enhance safety, improve efficiency transfer target reduce amount administered, prevent infection non-target cells.

Language: Английский

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Recombinant adeno-associated virus with anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha in an experimental autoimmune uveitis model

Experimental Eye Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 110273 - 110273

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Multi-modality imaging for precise intra-arterial delivery of mRNA, AAVs, and antibodies to the head and neck area in mice

Journal of Controlled Release, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 113880 - 113880

Published: May 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Strategies to enhance the response of liver cancer to pharmacological treatments

AJP Cell Physiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 327(1), P. C11 - C33

Published: May 6, 2024

In contrast to other types of cancers, there is no available efficient pharmacological treatment improve the outcomes patients suffering from major primary liver i.e., hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma. This dismal situation partly due existence in these tumors many different synergistic mechanisms resistance, accounting for lack response patients, not only classical chemotherapy but also more modern agents based on inhibition tyrosine kinase receptors (TKIs) stimulation immune against tumor using checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). review summarizes efforts develop strategies overcome this severe limitation, including searching novel drugs derived synthetic, semisynthetic, or natural products with vectorial properties therapeutic targets increase drug uptake reduce export cancer cells. Besides, immunotherapy a promising line research that already starting be implemented clinical practice. Although less successful than foreseen future strategy treating cancers considerable. Similarly, epigenetic highly promising. Many “epidrugs,” able act “writer,” “reader,” “eraser” players, are currently being evaluated preclinical studies. Finally, gene therapy broad field fight chemoresistance, impressive advances recently achieved manipulation. sum, although present still dismal, reason hope non-too-distant future.

Language: Английский

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