Nutrition: A non‐negligible factor in the pathogenesis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer s & Dementia, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 27, 2025

Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative characterized by progressive cognitive dysfunction. The strong link between nutrition and the occurrence progression of AD pathology has been well documented. Poor nutritional status accelerates progress potentially aggravating amyloid beta (Aβ) tau deposition, exacerbating oxidative stress response, modulating microbiota–gut–brain axis, disrupting blood–brain barrier function. advanced stage tends to lead malnutrition due impairments, sensory dysfunctions, brain atrophy, behavioral psychological symptoms dementia (BPSD). This, in turn, produces vicious cycle AD. This review discusses how factors deteriorate each other from early terminal stages AD, focusing on potential different levels factors, ranging micronutrients diet patterns. provides novel insights into reducing risk delaying its progression, improving prognosis. Highlights Two‐fifths cases worldwide have attributed modifiable factors. Up ≈26% community‐dwelling patients with are malnourished, compared 7%∼76% institutionalized patients. Undernutrition effects onset, prognosis through multiple mechanisms. Various supports were confirmed be protective for via specific

Language: Английский

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Biomarkers of blood–brain barrier and neurovascular unit integrity in human cognitive impairment and dementia

Alzheimer s & Dementia, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 21(3)

Published: March 1, 2025

Abstract Blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction is recognized as an early step in the development of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). Biomarkers are needed to monitor BBB integrity over time, better understand role neurodegeneration, potentially help define long‐term ADRD risk, effects therapeutics. In this review, we discuss current biomarkers used detect human context cognitive decline dementia. We also promising candidate fluid blood. Highlights permeability occurs during normal aging further exacerbated ADRD. vivo imaging CSF currently setting humans. review blood‐based that may represent dysfunction.

Language: Английский

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Cerebral iron accumulation in multiple sclerosis: Pathophysiology and therapeutic implications

Autoimmunity Reviews, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 103741 - 103741

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Prognostic value of multi-PLD ASL radiomics in acute ischemic stroke

Frontiers in Neurology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Jan. 13, 2025

Introduction Early prognosis prediction of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) can support clinicians in choosing personalized treatment plans. The aim this study is to develop a machine learning (ML) model that uses multiple post-labeling delay times (multi-PLD) arterial spin labeling (ASL) radiomics features achieve early and precise AIS prognosis. Methods This enrolled 102 patients admitted between December 2020 September 2024. Clinical data, such as age baseline National Institutes Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, were collected. Radiomics extracted from cerebral blood flow (CBF) images acquired through multi-PLD ASL. Features selected using least absolute shrinkage selection operator regression, three models developed: clinical model, CBF combined employing eight ML algorithms. Model performance was assessed receiver operating characteristic curves decision curve analysis (DCA). Shapley Additive exPlanations applied interpret feature contributions. Results extreme gradient boosting demonstrated superior predictive performance, achieving an area under the (AUC) 0.876. Statistical DeLong test revealed its significant outperformance compared both (AUC = 0.658, p < 0.001) 0.755, 0.002). robustness all confirmed permutation testing. Furthermore, DCA underscored utility model. prognostic notably influenced by NIHSS age, well texture shape CBF. Conclusion integration data ASL offers secure dependable approach for predicting AIS, particularly beneficial with contraindications contrast agents. aids devising individualized plans, ultimately enhancing patient

Language: Английский

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Relationship between cognitive impairment and hippocampal iron overload: a quantitative susceptibility mapping study of a rat model

NeuroImage, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 306, P. 121006 - 121006

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

The aim of this study was to establish an iron overload rat model simulate the elevated levels in patients with thalassemia and investigate potential association between hippocampal deposition cognition. Two groups overloaded rats one group control were used for study. Morris water maze (MWM) test spatial reference memory indicated by escape latency time number MWM platform crossings. magnetic susceptibility value tissue, a measure deposition, assessed quantitative mapping (QSM) correlated performance. content tissue sections using diaminobenzidine (DAB)-enhanced Perl's Prussian blue (PPB) staining. including Group H L had higher values than group, i.e., D. In addition, longer reduced There positive correlation mean value, negative crossings latent L. This simulating showed being associated impairment memory. QSM could be quantify brain vivo, highlighting its clinical application assessing cognitive thalassemia.

Language: Английский

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Delta radiomics modeling based on CTP for predicting hemorrhagic transformation after intravenous thrombolysis in acute cerebral infarction: an 8-year retrospective pilot study

Frontiers in Neurology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Feb. 12, 2025

To explore the value of delta radiomics from cerebral CT perfusion (CTP) in predicting hemorrhagic transformation after intravenous thrombolysis for acute infarction (HT-ACI). Clinical and imaging data 419 patients with who underwent CTP treatment between November 2016 August 2024 were retrospectively collected. Based on post-thrombolysis cranial or MRI results, divided into HT-ACI group (114 cases) non-HT-ACI (305 cases). The dataset was split a training set test 7:3 ratio based time nodes. In set, regions interest (ROI) within area images delineated using 3D slicer software, radiomic features extracted. Hemodynamic parameters such as blood volume (CBV), flow (CBF), to peak (TTP) obtained techniques. These combined baseline patient (e.g., age, sex, NIHSS score, medical history) establish various models through multivariable logistic regression analysis. predictive performance compared DeLong curves, clinical net benefit assessed decision model predictions validated XGboost algorithm. results then nomogram calibration curve constructed application. significant differences observed two groups pre-illness usually use anticoagulants, size, ADC difference, CBF, Delta radscore (P < 0.05). [AUC 0.878, OR 0.0217, 95%CI 0.835-0.913] demonstrated superior 0.725, 0.0310, 0.670-0.775] 0.818, 0.0259, 0.769-0.861]. This confirmed by algorithm, curves higher model. Similar novel simplify prediction process HT-ACI. established may provide early insights hemodynamic status acutely ischemic brain tissue, holding importance method could offer powerful reference decision-making ACI, helping reduce risk improve outcomes.

Language: Английский

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The interaction between dysfunction of vasculature and tauopathy in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias

Alzheimer s & Dementia, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 21(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Abstract Tauopathy is one of the pathological features Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). At present, there have been many studies on formation, deposition, intercellular transmission tau in neurons immune cells. The vasculature an important component central nervous system. This review discusses interaction between detail from three aspects. (1) vascular risk factors (VRFs) discussed this include diabetes mellitus (DM), abnormal blood pressure (BP), hypercholesterolemia. (2) In ADRD pathology, hyperphosphorylation deposition interact with disrupted vasculature, such as different cells (endothelial cells, smooth muscular pericytes), blood−brain barrier (BBB), cerebral lymphatic (3) functions are regulated by various signaling transductions. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide, calcium signaling, Rho/Rho‐associated coiled‐coil containing Kinase, receptors for advanced glycation end products review. Our findings indicate that prevention treatment health may be a potential target combination therapy. Highlights Persistent VRFs increase early disruption mechanisms strongly associated pathology ADRD. Cell dysfunction causes BBB leakage drainage incapacity system, which interacts pathology. Signaling molecules regulate vasodilation contraction, angiogenesis, CBF. Abnormal transduction to deposition.

Language: Английский

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Multi-Ancestry Transcriptome-Wide Association Studies of Cognitive Function, White Matter Hyperintensity, and Alzheimer’s Disease

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(6), P. 2443 - 2443

Published: March 9, 2025

Genetic variants increase the risk of neurocognitive disorders in later life, including vascular dementia (VaD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but precise relationships between genetic factors underlying etiologies are not well understood. Transcriptome-wide association studies (TWASs) can be leveraged to better characterize genes biological pathways influences on disease. To date, almost all existing TWASs VaD AD have been conducted using expression from individuals a single ancestry, primarily European. Using joint likelihood-based inference framework Multi-ancEstry TRanscriptOme-wide analysis (METRO), we gene data European ancestry (EA) African (AA) samples identify associated with general cognitive function, white matter hyperintensity (WMH), AD. Regions were fine-mapped Fine-mapping Of CaUsal Sets (FOCUS). We identified 266, 23, 69, 2 WMH, (using EA GWAS summary statistics), AA GWAS), respectively (Bonferroni-corrected alpha = p < 2.9 × 10−6), some which had previously identified. Enrichment showed that many related innate immunity, dysfunction, neuroinflammation. Further, downregulation ICA1L was higher WMH AD, indicating its potential contribution overlapping neuropathology. our knowledge, study is first TWAS function used mapping for multiple ancestries. This work may expand benefits beyond group help targets pharmaceuticals or preventative treatments dementia.

Language: Английский

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Glymphatic dysfunction in moyamoya disease: the influence of arterial stenosis and ventricular enlargement

NeuroImage, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 121143 - 121143

Published: March 1, 2025

The glymphatic system is a vascular-dependent network, involving cerebrospinal fluid circulation, that facilitates waste clearance from the brain. Although dysfunction has been implicated in various neurologic diseases, its influencing factors are still not fully understood. We aimed to evaluate moyamoya disease (MMD) and explore associations with arterial stenosis ventricular size. Patients MMD healthy controls were prospectively recruited undergo multi-modal MRI scans. divided into three subgroups based on initial symptoms: hemorrhagic, ischemic, other. used diffusion tensor image analysis along perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) index, magnetic resonance angiography, 3D T1-weighted images clearance, relationships between stenosis, size, ALPS index analyzed using multivariable linear regression analyses. Compared (n=39), patients (n=55) exhibited reduced (p<0.001) increased volumes of lateral ventricles (p<0.001), third ventricle fourth (p=0.013). In MMD, (standardized β=-0.283, p=0.013), volume β=-0.504, p<0.001), their interaction β=-0.606, p<0.001) all significantly associated analysis. Among subgroups, hemorrhagic subgroup had lowest (p=0.085) largest Our findings demonstrated enlarged decreased both alone synergistically enlargement would be exacerbated MMD. This evidence provides new insights mechanisms underlying impairment

Language: Английский

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Association of Increased Brain Iron Levels With Anxiety and Motor Dysfunction in Cerebral Small Vessel Disease

CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 31(3)

Published: March 1, 2025

This study explored the relationships between brain iron levels, emotion, and cognitive motor function in cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) patients using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). A total of 208 subjects were enrolled this study. QSM map was calculated from multiecho GRE data via morphology-enabled dipole inversion with an automatic uniform cerebrospinal fluid zero reference algorithm (MEDI+0). Multiple linear regression analysis applied to explore clinical factors influencing CSVD patients. Correlation pathway-specific mediation effects levels investigated. There significant differences MoCA scores, depression five-repetition sit-to-stand test (5R-STS) time, values caudate nucleus putamen among three groups (p < 0.05, FDR correction). Age history diabetes played crucial roles putamen, which may increase basal ganglia, associated decline. Notably, left positively correlated 5R-STS time subjects, there mediating anxiety on prediction dysfunction respect Age, status, serve as effective intervention targets for individuals CSVD, especially dysfunction. greater burden be a imaging marker ISRCTN20008650.

Language: Английский

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