Next Generation Risk Assessment approaches for advanced nanomaterials: Current status and future perspectives

NanoImpact, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 35, P. 100523 - 100523

Published: July 1, 2024

This manuscript discusses the challenges of applying New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) for safe by design and regulatory risk assessment advanced nanomaterials (AdNMs). The authors propose a framework Next Generation Risk Assessment AdNMs involving NAMs that is aligned to conventional paradigm. exposure-driven, endpoint-specific, makes best use pre-existing information, can be implemented in tiers increasing specificity complexity adopted NAMs. tiered structure approach, which effectively combines existing data with targeted testing will allow safety assessed cost-effectively as far possible even more limited vertebrates. readiness state-of-the-art emerging terms Transparency, Reliability, Accessibility, Applicability, Relevance Completeness, their appropriateness discussed relation each step paradigm along providing perspectives future developments respective scientific areas.

Language: Английский

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Characterizing the Transient Emission of Particles and Gases from a Single Puff of Electronic Cigarette Smoke

Chemical Research in Toxicology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 17, 2025

This study employed high-time-resolution systems to examine the transient properties of aerosols and gases emitted from electronic cigarette (EC) puffs. Using a fast aerosol sizer, we measured particle size distributions (PSDs) across various EC brands (JUUL, VUSE, VOOPOO), revealing sizes ranging 5 1000 nm at concentrations 107 1010 cm–3. Most were found be in ultrafine range (below 100 nm), with JUUL-, VUSE-, VOOPOO-producing geometric mean 19.9, 47.3, 29.4 nm, respectively. Applying International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) deposition model assuming no further evolution respiratory system, estimated different regions: 45–60% alveolar region, 10–25% tracheobronchial 20–35% extrathoracic region. The highest single-puff was observed VOOPOO device 60 W, depositing 180.1 ± 7.6 μg gas emissions (CO2, NOx, CO, total hydrocarbons) power settings EC. Single-puff NOx CO levels exceeded permissible exposure limits Occupational Safety Health Administration, indicating potential acute risks. Higher correlated increased mixing ratios, suggesting more e-liquid vaporization possible chemical transformations higher temperatures. These findings demonstrated significant health risks associated particles high-power ECs emphasize need for advanced measurements accurately assess their physicochemical implications.

Language: Английский

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Impact of Canadian Wildfire-Emitted Particulate Matter on THP-1 Lung Macrophage Health and Function

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 17, 2025

Increasing frequency and intensity of climate-driven wildfires in recent years have resulted increased human exposures to wildfire smoke raised serious public health concerns. One potential risk exposure is the impairment that it may cause lung macrophages, which serve as first line defense against inhaled pathogens particles. Size-fractionated particulate matter (WFPM) collected New Jersey/New York metropolitan area during June 2023 Canadian event was used assess effect on function THP-1 macrophages. Environmentally relevant vitro WFPM doses were determined using established vivo dosimetry models. Exposure WFPM0.1–2.5 (0.1–2.5 μm) for 24 h caused a significant (∼15%) increase reactive oxygen species, indicating oxidative stress. More importantly, either WFPM0.1 (≤0.1 or significantly reduced macrophage viability. Additionally, fractions phagocytosis unopsonized 1 μm polystyrene beads by approximately 50%, appeared be due defect binding, could turn result scavenger receptor blockade diminished viability thus ATP depletion, depriving macrophages energy required perform phagocytosis. Together, these findings suggest impair function, susceptibility respiratory infections. Further mechanistic studies are warranted better understand impacts innate immunity pulmonary infection.

Language: Английский

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SiO2 nanoparticles as disruptors of endogenous resolution mechanisms of inflammatory responses that exacerbate pneumonia

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Feb. 21, 2025

Occupational exposure to engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) is increasing in the workplace and can impact human health. Amorphous silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) are widely produced respirable ENMs used commercial products. We have investigated their on lung inflammation resolution bacterial defense. Mice exposed SiO2 NPs, followed by bacteria, exhibited increased inflammation, proliferation, damage compared mice not NPs. NPs macrophage production of pro-inflammatory mediators disrupted phagocytosis bacteria efferocytosis apoptotic neutrophils – pivotal responses for host defense resolution. A pro-resolving mediator, resolvin D5 (RvD5), restored partially controlled excess after These findings demonstrate that disrupt endogenous processes give rise heightened infection. RvD5 reduced cellular processes, suggesting reduce ENP disruption

Language: Английский

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Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity induced by metal-based nanoparticles in humans and animals

Deleted Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 01 - 10

Published: July 19, 2024

The growing interest in nanoparticles modern research is due to their potential uses different fields of study. Throughout human history, individuals have been exposed environmental nanosized particles, and over the past century, these exposures significantly risen. Through injection, ingestion, inhalation, can change material's physicochemical characteristics improve its ability absorb interact with biological tissues. Nanoparticles penetrate cell membrane reach up mitochondria nucleus, causing gene mutation inhibiting mitochondrial process involved metabolism. toxicity associated size, shape, charge, surface area, chemical composition, other linked factors. vivo behavior still a major question that needs be resolved. tests are performed against new during developmental eliminate or ameliorate identified toxic characteristics.

Language: Английский

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Comparison of size distribution and electrical particle sensor measurement methods for particle lung deposited surface area (LDSA^al) in ambient measurements with varying conditions

Aerosol Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2(2), P. 271 - 289

Published: Sept. 26, 2024

Abstract. It has become evident that additional metrics along the particle mass concentration, together with dense air quality monitoring networks within cities, are needed to understand most efficient ways tackle health burden of particulate pollution. Particle lung-deposited surface area (LDSAal) is a metric estimate exposure in lung alveoli, and it gained interest as parameter for relatively easy cost-efficient measure electrical sensors. Also, various studies have indicated its potential health-relevant metric. In addition sensors, LDSAal can be measured size distribution methods. However, different measurement methods fundamental differences their operation principles, e.g., related ranges, classification or conversion from originally quantity into LDSAal. not well understood how these affect accuracy ambient conditions, where especially effective density hygroscopicity considerably change deposition efficiencies. this study, sensor (Partector) two approaches (ELPI+ DMPS/SMPS) were compared road traffic environments environmental conditions Helsinki Prague. The results by utilising general assumptions (spherical hydrophobic particles standard density) evaluating effects hygroscopicity. Additionally, Partector ELPI+ urban near traffic, airports, river residential wood combustion. show comparison complicated measurements. challenges accumulation mode roughly larger than 200–400 nm which dominant mechanism changes diffusion impaction tend increase. On other hand, suggest between reasonably low when considering only ultrafine soot particles, an closer (1.0 g cm−3) more hydrophobic, highlighting suitability monitored estimating spatial pollution cities.

Language: Английский

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Comparison of size distribution and electrical particle sensor measurement methods for particle lung deposited surface area (LDSA^al) in ambient measurements with varying conditions

Published: May 17, 2024

Abstract. During recent years it has become evident that additional metrics along the particle mass concentration together with dense air quality monitoring networks within cities are needed to understand most efficient ways tackle health burden of particulate pollution. Particle lung deposited surface area (LDSAal) is a metric estimate exposure in alveoli, and gained interest as parameter for relatively easy cost-efficient measure electrical sensors. Also, various studies have indicated its potential health-relevant metric. In addition sensors, LDSAal can be measured size distribution methods. However, different measurement methods fundamental differences their operation principles e.g., related ranges, size-classification or conversion from originally quantity into LDSAal. It not well understood how these affect accuracy ambient conditions where especially effective density hygroscopicity considerably change deposition efficiencies. this study, sensor (Partector) two approaches (ELPI+, DMPS/SMPS) were compared road traffic environments environmental Helsinki Prague. The results by utilising general assumptions (spherical hydrophobic particles standard density) evaluating effects hygroscopicity. Additionally, Partector ELPI+ urban near traffic, airport, river residential wood combustion. show comparison complicated measurements. challenges estimated accumulation mode roughly larger than 200–400 nm. On other hand, suggest between reasonably low when considering only ultrafine soot particles, highlighting suitability monitored estimating spatial pollution cities.

Language: Английский

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Comment on ar-2024-13

Published: June 23, 2024

Abstract. During recent years it has become evident that additional metrics along the particle mass concentration together with dense air quality monitoring networks within cities are needed to understand most efficient ways tackle health burden of particulate pollution. Particle lung deposited surface area (LDSA^al) is a metric estimate exposure in alveoli, and gained interest as parameter for relatively easy cost-efficient measure electrical sensors. Also, various studies have indicated its potential health-relevant metric. In addition sensors, LDSA^al can be measured size distribution methods. However, different measurement methods fundamental differences their operation principles e.g., related ranges, size-classification or conversion from originally quantity into LDSA^al. It not well understood how these affect accuracy ambient conditions where especially effective density hygroscopicity considerably change deposition efficiencies. this study, sensor (Partector) two approaches (ELPI+, DMPS/SMPS) were compared road traffic environments environmental Helsinki Prague. The results by utilising general assumptions (spherical hydrophobic particles standard density) evaluating effects hygroscopicity. Additionally, Partector ELPI+ urban near traffic, airport, river residential wood combustion. show comparison complicated measurements. challenges estimated accumulation mode roughly larger than 200–400 nm. On other hand, suggest between reasonably low when considering only ultrafine soot particles, highlighting suitability monitored estimating spatial pollution cities.

Language: Английский

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Overview of in vitro-in vivo extrapolation approaches for the risk assessment of nanomaterial toxicity

NanoImpact, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 35, P. 100524 - 100524

Published: July 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Assessment of the Physicochemical Properties of Ultrafine Particles (UFP) from Vehicular Emissions in a Commercial Parking Garage: Potential Health Implications

Toxics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(11), P. 833 - 833

Published: Nov. 20, 2024

Vehicular emissions are a major culprit in the rise of urban air pollution. The particulate matter (PM) emitted from vehicular sources includes primarily ultrafine particles (UFPs) with aerodynamic diameters less than 0.1 µm (PM

Language: Английский

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