Inflammation and immune dysfunction in Parkinson disease

Nature reviews. Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 22(11), P. 657 - 673

Published: March 4, 2022

Language: Английский

---

Short-chain fatty acids: linking diet, the microbiome and immunity

Nature reviews. Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(8), P. 577 - 595

Published: April 2, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Microbiota–gut–brain axis and its therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Feb. 16, 2024

Abstract The human gastrointestinal tract is populated with a diverse microbial community. vast genetic and metabolic potential of the gut microbiome underpins its ubiquity in nearly every aspect biology, including health maintenance, development, aging, disease. advent new sequencing technologies culture-independent methods has allowed researchers to move beyond correlative studies toward mechanistic explorations shed light on microbiome–host interactions. Evidence unveiled bidirectional communication between central nervous system, referred as “microbiota–gut–brain axis”. microbiota–gut–brain axis represents an important regulator glial functions, making it actionable target ameliorate development progression neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss mechanisms As provides essential cues microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, examine communications microbiota these cells during healthy states Subsequently, diseases using metabolite-centric approach, while also examining role microbiota-related neurotransmitters hormones. Next, targeting intestinal barrier, blood–brain meninges, peripheral immune system counteract dysfunction neurodegeneration. Finally, conclude by assessing pre-clinical clinical evidence probiotics, prebiotics, fecal transplantation A thorough comprehension will foster effective therapeutic interventions for management

Language: Английский

---

The microbiome–gut–brain axis in Parkinson disease — from basic research to the clinic

Nature Reviews Neurology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 18(8), P. 476 - 495

Published: June 24, 2022

Language: Английский

---

Short-chain fatty acids in diseases

Cell Communication and Signaling, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: Aug. 18, 2023

Abstract Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are the main metabolites produced by bacterial fermentation of dietary fibre in gastrointestinal tract. The absorption SCFAs is mediated substrate transporters, such as monocarboxylate transporter 1 and sodium-coupled 1, which promote cellular metabolism. An increasing number studies have implicated microorganisms crucial executors diet-based microbial influence on host. important fuels for intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) represent a major carbon flux from diet, that decomposed gut microbiota. play vital role multiple molecular biological processes, promoting secretion glucagon-like peptide-1 IECs to inhibit elevation blood glucose, expression G protein-coupled receptors GPR41 GPR43, inhibiting histone deacetylases, participate regulation proliferation, differentiation, function IECs. affect motility, barrier function, host Furthermore, regulatory roles local, intermediate, peripheral metabolisms. Acetate, propionate, butyrate SCFAs, they involved immunity, apoptosis, inflammation, lipid Herein, we review diverse functional this class reflect their ability intestine, metabolic, other diseases.

Language: Английский

---

Association of Fecal and Plasma Levels of Short-Chain Fatty Acids With Gut Microbiota and Clinical Severity in Patients With Parkinson Disease

Neurology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 98(8)

Published: Jan. 7, 2022

Background and Objectives

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are gut microbial metabolites that promote the disease process in a rodent model of Parkinson (PD), but fecal levels SCFAs patients with PD reduced. Simultaneous assessments plasma SCFA levels, their interrelationships process, scarce. We aimed to compare different subtypes healthy controls delineate interrelations link microbiota changes clinical severity PD.

Methods

A cohort 96 85 were recruited from National Taiwan University Hospital. Fecal concentrations measured using chromatography mass spectrometry. Gut was analyzed metagenomic shotgun sequencing. Body index medical comorbidities evaluated dietary information obtained food frequency questionnaire. To assess motor cognitive impairment, we used Movement Disorder Society–Unified Parkinson9s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE).

Results

Compared controls, had lower higher acetate, propionate, butyrate. After adjustment for age, sex, duration, anti-PD medication dosage, MDS-UPDRS part III scores correlated reduced acetate (ρ = −0.37, p 0.012), propionate −0.32, 0.036), butyrate −0.40, 0.004) increased 0.26, 0.042) MMSE negatively −0.09, 0.027) valerate −0.032, 0.033) after confounders. SCFAs-producing bacteria positively revealed no association In patient group, abundance proinflammatory microbes, such as Clostridiales bacterium NK3B98 Ruminococcus sp AM07-15, significantly decreased SCFAs, especially propionic acid.

Discussion

Reductions observed corelated specific

Classification Evidence

This study provides Class evidence metabolite distinguish between associated

Language: Английский

---

The gut microbiome in Alzheimer’s disease: what we know and what remains to be explored

Molecular Neurodegeneration, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 18(1)

Published: Feb. 1, 2023

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia, results in a sustained decline cognition. There are currently few effective modifying therapies for AD, but insights into mechanisms that mediate onset and progression may lead to new, therapeutic strategies. Amyloid beta oligomers plaques, tau aggregates, neuroinflammation play critical role neurodegeneration impact clinical AD progression. The upstream modulators these pathological features have not been fully clarified, recent evidence indicates gut microbiome (GMB) an influence on therefore human patients. In this review, we summarize studies identified alterations GMB correlate with pathophysiology patients mouse models. Additionally, discuss findings manipulations models potential GMB-targeted therapeutics AD. Lastly, diet, sleep, exercise as modifiers relationship between conclude future directions recommendations further topic.

Language: Английский

---

The intestinal barrier in disorders of the central nervous system

˜The œLancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(1), P. 66 - 80

Published: Nov. 2, 2022

Language: Английский

---

Gut bacterial profiles in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review

CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 29(1), P. 140 - 157

Published: Oct. 25, 2022

Abstract Introduction Recent advances have highlighted the relationships between gut dysbiosis and Parkinson's disease (PD). Microbiota transplantation from PD patients to mice can induce increased alpha‐synuclein‐mediated motor deficits. Human studies identified differences in microbiota of compared healthy controls. We undertook a systematic review evaluate available evidence for involvement bacteria etiology PD. Methods The PubMed databank, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Wanfang Data were searched inception until June 2021 identify human case–control that investigated quantified feces. evaluated resulting focusing on bacterial taxa different Results Twenty‐six found which 53 microbial families 98 genera exhibited with by more than two as Bifidobacterium , Alistipes Christensenella Enterococcus Oscillospira Bilophila Desulfovibrio Escherichia/Shigella Akkermansia while Prevotella Blautia Faecalibacterium Fusicatenibacter Haemophilus had three or reports being lower patients. More one report demonstrated Bacteroides Odoribacter Parabacteroides Butyricicoccus Butyrivibrio Clostridium Coprococcus Lachnospira Lactobacillus Megasphaera Phascolarctobacterium Roseburia Ruminococcus Streptococcus Klebsiella altered both directions. Conclusion Our shows microbiome may involve alterations short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs)‐producing an increase putative pathobionts. SCFAs‐producing vary above below “optimal range,” causing imbalances. Considering are beneficial health, be associated medications, especially COMT inhibitors, high level aging.

Language: Английский

---

Gut Microbiota: A Novel Therapeutic Target for Parkinson’s Disease

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: June 24, 2022

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative characterized by motor dysfunction. Growing evidence has demonstrated that gut dysbiosis involved in occurrence, development and progression of PD. Numerous clinical trials have identified characteristics changed microbiota profiles, preclinical studies PD animal models indicated can influence onset via increasing intestinal permeability, aggravating neuroinflammation, aggregating abnormal levels α-synuclein fibrils, oxidative stress, decreasing neurotransmitter production. The be considered promising diagnostic therapeutic targets for PD, which regulated probiotics, psychobiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, fecal transplantation, diet modifications, Chinese medicine. This review summarizes recent PD-associated profiles functions, potential roles, mechanisms microbiota-targeted interventions Deciphering underlying roles will help interpret pathogenesis from new perspectives elucidate novel strategies

Language: Английский

---