Navigating the nano-bio immune interface: advancements and challenges in CNS nanotherapeutics DOI Creative Commons
Chantalle Moulton,

Anaila Baroni,

Erica Quagliarini

et al.

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Nov. 12, 2024

In recent years, significant advancements have been made in utilizing nanoparticles (NPs) to modulate immune responses within the central nervous system (CNS), offering new opportunities for nanotherapeutic interventions neurological disorders. NPs can serve as carriers immunomodulatory agents or platforms delivering nucleic acid-based therapeutics regulate gene expression and responses. Several studies demonstrated efficacy of NP-mediated modulation preclinical models diseases, including multiple sclerosis, stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease. While challenges remain, engineering design led development using diverse strategies overcome these challenges. The nano-bio interface with is key conceptualization efficiently act nanotherapeutics CNS. biomolecular corona plays a pivotal role dictating behavior recognition CNS, giving researchers opportunity optimize surface modifications minimize immunogenicity enhance biocompatibility. Here, we review how interact CNS system, focusing on immunosurveillance NPs, NP-induced reprogramming impact integration into offers promising addressing complex acute chronic conditions pathologies, also context preventive rehabilitative medicine. By harnessing understanding significance corona, develop targeted, safe, effective wide range disorders improve treatment rehabilitation. These potential revolutionize landscape solutions improved patient care quality life future.

Language: Английский

Advancing neurological disorders therapies: Organic nanoparticles as a key to blood-brain barrier penetration DOI Creative Commons
Zahra Razavi,

Seyed Sina Alizadeh,

F. S. Razavi

et al.

International Journal of Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 670, P. 125186 - 125186

Published: Jan. 8, 2025

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a vital role in protecting the central nervous system (CNS) by preventing entry of harmful pathogens from bloodstream. However, this also presents significant obstacle when it comes to delivering drugs for treatment neurodegenerative diseases and brain cancer. Recent breakthroughs nanotechnology have paved way creation wide range nanoparticles (NPs) that can serve as carriers diagnosis therapy. Regarding their promising properties, organic NPs potential be used effective drug delivery across BBB based on recent advancements. These remarkable ability penetrate using various mechanisms. This review offers comprehensive examination intricate structure distinct properties BBB, emphasizing its crucial function preserving balance regulating transport ions molecules. disruption conditions such stroke, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease highlights importance developing creative approaches drugs. Through encapsulation therapeutic molecules precise targeting processes vasculature, NP formulations present hopeful strategy improve BBB. We explore changes pathological investigate factors affect successful into brain. In addition, we most systems associated with shown positive results treating ischemic disorders. opens up new possibilities nanotechnology-based therapies cerebral diseases.

Language: Английский

Citations

8
Immune System Dysregulation in the Progression of Multiple Sclerosis: Molecular Insights and Therapeutic Implications DOI
Zuber Khan, Sidharth Mehan, Ghanshyam Das Gupta

et al.

Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 548, P. 9 - 26

Published: April 30, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

13
Targeting Cytokine-Mediated Inflammation in Brain Disorders: Developing New Treatment Strategies DOI Creative Commons
Rahul Mallick, Sanjay Basak, Parimal Chowdhury

et al.

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(1), P. 104 - 104

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

Cytokine-mediated inflammation is increasingly recognized for playing a vital role in the pathophysiology of wide range brain disorders, including neurodegenerative, psychiatric, and neurodevelopmental problems. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) cause neuroinflammation, alter function, accelerate disease development. Despite progress understanding these pathways, effective medicines targeting are still limited. Traditional anti-inflammatory immunomodulatory drugs peripheral inflammatory illnesses. Still, they face substantial hurdles when applied to central nervous system (CNS), blood-brain barrier (BBB) unwanted systemic effects. This review highlights developing treatment techniques modifying cytokine-driven focusing on advances that selectively target critical involved pathology. Novel approaches, cytokine-specific inhibitors, antibody-based therapeutics, gene- RNA-based interventions, sophisticated drug delivery systems like nanoparticles, show promise with respect lowering neuroinflammation greater specificity safety. Furthermore, developments biomarker discoveries neuroimaging improving our ability monitor responses, allowing more accurate personalized regimens. Preclinical clinical trial data demonstrate therapeutic potential tailored techniques. However, significant challenges remain, across BBB reducing off-target As research advances, creation personalized, cytokine-centered therapeutics has therapy landscape illnesses, giving patients hope better results higher quality life.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Transcriptome analysis reveals that the injection of mesenchymal stem cells remodels extracellular matrix and complement components of the brain through PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 signaling pathway in a neuroinflammation mouse model DOI Creative Commons

Zhihao Xu,

Keqin Liu,

Guoqing Zhang

et al.

Genomics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 117(3), P. 111033 - 111033

Published: March 22, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Central TYK2 inhibition identifies TYK2 as a key neuroimmune modulator DOI Creative Commons
Tyler P. Molitor,

Genki Hayashi,

Mei-Yao Lin

et al.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 122(13)

Published: March 24, 2025

GWAS have identified tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) variants in multiple inflammatory disorders, specifically a protective hypomorphic TYK2 allele (P1104A) sclerosis (MS). Impaired signaling within the central nervous system (CNS) may impart effects of P1104A MS. We deployed brain-penetrant inhibitors (cTYK2i) alongside peripherally restricted inhibitor (pTYK2i; BMS-986165) to untangle contributions inhibition diverse models neuroinflammation. While pTYK2i had little impact, cTYK2i reduced clinical score, lymphoid cell infiltration, and cytokines/chemokines experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Microglial activation was attenuated cTYK2i-treated EAE spinal cords circulating neurofilament light (NfL) plasma cerebral fluid (CSF). Additionally, an antibody-mediated mouse model primary progressive MS (PPMS). Finally, we demonstrate has robust impact on unique subset activated astrocytes termed Interferon-Responsive-Reactive-Astrocytes (IRRA). The data presented herein identify key role for CNS regulating neuroinflammation solidify as potential therapeutic target

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Flavonoids in the regulation of microglial-mediated neuroinflammation; focus on fisetin, rutin, and quercetin DOI

Mohannad Hamid Jasim,

Rosull Saadoon Abbood,

Gaurav Sanghvi

et al.

Experimental Cell Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 114537 - 114537

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
The Role of Alpha Linolenic Acid on Neuroinflammation: A Systemic Review DOI Open Access

Debby Chesilya Wijaya,

Ni Made Linawati

Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(7), P. 3597 - 3604

Published: July 25, 2024

Neuroinflammation, an inflammatory response within the central nervous system (CNS), plays a critical role in various neurological disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases. Alpha linolenic acid (ALA), essential omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, has shown promising health benefits due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This article aims thoroughly examine potential effects of ALA reducing neuroinflammation, emphasizing roles as agent. The review focuses on studies published between 2018 2023, sourced from reputable academic databases such PubMed, Semantic Scholar, Google ScienceDirect, with nine key papers selected. findings indicate that significantly mitigates neuroinflammation by decreasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) via Nrf-2/HO-1/JNK signaling pathway. Additionally, reduces cytokines inhibiting p-JNK activation, disrupting lipid rafts, blocking pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB, altering cell membrane phospholipid composition. concludes may have therapeutic through actions, offering possible for conditions, Alzheimer's Parkinson's

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Dynamics of choroid plexus volume is associated with the presence and development of fatigue in multiple sclerosis DOI
Martina Rubin, Paolo Preziosa, Monica Margoni

et al.

Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. jnnp - 334913

Published: Oct. 10, 2024

Immune-mediated processes are implicated in the pathogenesis of fatigue, a common symptom multiple sclerosis (MS). The choroid plexus (CP) regulates central nervous system (CNS) immune homeostasis and undergoes volumetric modifications possibly contributing to MS-related fatigue. We explored association between CP volume changes fatigue dynamics.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Advances in the study of artemisinin and its derivatives for the treatment of rheumatic skeletal disorders, autoimmune inflammatory diseases, and autoimmune disorders: a comprehensive review DOI Creative Commons
Zhiyong Long, Xiang Wang, Wei Xiao

et al.

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Oct. 25, 2024

Artemisinin and its derivatives are widely recognized as first-line treatments for malaria worldwide. Recent studies have demonstrated that artemisinin-based antimalarial drugs, such artesunate, dihydroartemisinin, artemether, not only possess excellent properties but also exhibit antitumor, antifungal, immunomodulatory effects. Researchers globally synthesized artemisinin like SM735, SM905, SM934, which offer advantages low toxicity, high bioavailability, potential immunosuppressive properties. These compounds induce immunosuppression by inhibiting the activation of pathogenic T cells, suppressing B cell antibody production, enhancing differentiation regulatory cells. This review summarized mechanisms analogs modulate excessive inflammation immune responses in rheumatic skeletal diseases, autoimmune inflammatory disorders, through pathways including TNF, Toll-like receptors, IL-6, RANKL, MAPK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, JAK/STAT, NRF2/GPX4. Notably, context NF-κB pathway, inhibits expression disrupting upstream cascades and/or directly binding to downregulates multiple downstream genes controlled NF-κB, chemokines their receptors. targets regulate various functions, apoptosis, proliferation, signal transduction, antioxidant responses, ultimately intervening systemic diseases organs kidneys, nervous system, skin, liver, biliary system modulating dysregulation responses. Ongoing multicenter randomized clinical trials investigating effects these on rheumatic, inflammatory, with aim translating promising preclinical data into applications.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Multiple Sclerosis: Glial Cell Diversity in Time and Space DOI Creative Commons
Susanne M. Kooistra, Lucas Schirmer

Glia, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 24, 2024

ABSTRACT Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most prevalent human inflammatory disease of central nervous system with demyelination and glial scar formation as pathological hallmarks. Glial cells are key drivers lesion progression in MS roles both tissue damage repair depending on surrounding microenvironment functional state individual subtype. In this review, we describe recent developments context cell diversity summarizing findings respect to maladaptive functions related disease‐associated subtypes. A particular focus spatial temporal dynamics including subtypes microglia, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes. We contextualize high‐dimensional suggesting that dynamically change epigenomic, transcriptomic, metabolic features across inflamed rim during lesions. summary, detailed knowledge spatially restricted subtype critical for a better understanding pathology its pathogenesis well development novel therapies targeting specific types.

Language: Английский

Citations

2