Immunotherapy: a promising approach for glioma treatment

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Sept. 7, 2023

Gliomas are the most prevalent primary malignant brain tumors worldwide, with glioblastoma (GBM) being common and aggressive type. Despite two decades of relentless pursuit in exploring novel therapeutic approaches for GBM, there is limited progress improving patients’ survival outcomes. Numerous obstacles impede effective treatment including immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), blood-brain barrier, extensive heterogeneity. these challenges, immunotherapies emerging as a promising avenue that may offer new hope gliomas. There four main types gliomas, immune checkpoint blockades, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies, vaccines, oncolytic viruses. In addition, gene therapy, bispecific antibody combine therapy also briefly introduced this review. The significant role TME process has been emphasized many studies. Although immunotherapy enormous effort required to overcome existing barriers its success. Owing rapid development increasing attention paid article aims review recent advances

Language: Английский

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Advances in Glioblastoma Therapy: An Update on Current Approaches

Brain Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(11), P. 1536 - 1536

Published: Oct. 31, 2023

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a primary malignant brain tumor characterized by high grade of malignancy and an extremely unfavorable prognosis. The current efficacy established treatments for GBM insufficient, necessitating the prompt development novel therapeutic approaches. progress made in fundamental scientific understanding swiftly translated into more advanced stages studies. Despite extensive efforts to identify new approaches, exhibits mortality rate. patients insufficient due factors such as heterogeneity, blood–brain barrier, glioma stem cells, drug efflux pumps, DNA damage repair mechanisms. Considering this, pharmacological cocktail therapy has demonstrated growing addressing these challenges. Towards various forms immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint blockade, chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) cell therapy, oncolytic virotherapy, vaccine have emerged potential strategies enhancing prognosis GBM. Current investigations are focused on exploring combination therapies mitigate undesirable side effects enhance responses against tumors. Furthermore, clinical trials underway evaluate several circumvent barrier (BBB) achieve targeted delivery suffering from recurrent In this review, we described biological molecular targets pharmacologic status, prominent resistance mechanisms, treatment We also discuss promising approaches assess prospective innovative agents evaluated present state preclinical studies treatment. Overall, review attempts provide comprehensive information status therapy.

Language: Английский

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Glioblastoma Therapy: Past, Present and Future

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(5), P. 2529 - 2529

Published: Feb. 21, 2024

Glioblastoma (GB) stands out as the most prevalent and lethal form of brain cancer. Although great efforts have been made by clinicians researchers, no significant improvement in survival has achieved since Stupp protocol became standard care (SOC) 2005. Despite multimodality treatments, recurrence is almost universal with rates under 2 years after diagnosis. Here, we discuss recent progress our understanding GB pathophysiology, particular, importance glioma stem cells (GSCs), tumor microenvironment conditions, epigenetic mechanisms involved growth, aggressiveness recurrence. The discussion on therapeutic strategies first covers SOC treatment targeted therapies that shown to interfere different signaling pathways (pRB/CDK4/RB1/P16

Language: Английский

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Recent Developments in Glioblastoma Therapy: Oncolytic Viruses and Emerging Future Strategies

Viruses, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 547 - 547

Published: Feb. 16, 2023

Glioblastoma is the most aggressive form of malignant brain tumor. Standard treatment protocols and traditional immunotherapy are poorly effective as they do not significantly increase long-term survival glioblastoma patients. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) may be an alternative approach. Combining OVs with some modern options also provide significant benefits for Here we review virotherapy glioblastomas describe several their combination other therapies. The personalized use would become a area research aiming to develop regimens glioblastomas.

Language: Английский

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Immunotherapy in glioblastoma treatment: Current state and future prospects

World Journal of Clinical Oncology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 138 - 159

Published: April 20, 2023

Glioblastoma remains as the most common and aggressive malignant brain tumor, standing with a poor prognosis treatment prospective. Despite standard care, such surgical resection chemoradiation, median survival rates are low. In this regard, immunotherapeutic strategies aim to become more attractive for glioblastoma, considering its recent advances approaches. review, we provide an overview of current status progress in immunotherapy going through fundamental knowledge on immune targeting promising strategies, Chimeric antigen receptor T-Cell therapy, checkpoint inhibitors, cytokine-based treatment, oncolytic virus vaccine-based techniques. At last, it is discussed innovative methods overcome diverse challenges, future perspectives area.

Language: Английский

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Macrophages in Recurrent Glioblastoma as a Prognostic Factor in the Synergistic System of the Tumor Microenvironment

Neurology International, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 595 - 608

Published: April 23, 2023

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a common and highly malignant primary tumor of the central nervous system in adults. Ever more recent papers are focusing on understanding role microenvironment (TME) affecting tumorigenesis subsequent prognosis. We assessed impact macrophages TME prognosis patients with recurrent GBM. A PubMed, MEDLINE Scopus review was conducted to identify all studies dealing GBM from January 2016 December 2022. Glioma-associated (GAMs) act critically enhancing progression can alter drug resistance, promoting resistance radiotherapy establishing an immunosuppressive environment. M1 characterized by increased secretion proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1ß, necrosis factor (TNF), IL-27, matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs), CCL2, VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), IGF1, that lead destruction tissue. In contrast, M2 supposed participate immunosuppression progression, which formed after being exposed macrophage M-CSF, IL-10, IL-35 transforming factor-ß (TGF-β). Because there currently no standard care GBM, novel identified targeted therapies based complex signaling interactions between glioma stem cells (GSCs) TME, especially resident microglia bone-marrow-derived macrophages, may be helpful improving overall survival these near future.

Language: Английский

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Nanoparticle-Based Combinational Strategies for Overcoming the Blood-Brain Barrier and Blood-Tumor Barrier

International Journal of Nanomedicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: Volume 19, P. 2529 - 2552

Published: March 1, 2024

Abstract: The blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-tumor (BTB) pose substantial challenges to efficacious drug delivery for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a primary brain tumor with poor prognosis. Nanoparticle-based combinational strategies have emerged as promising modalities overcome these barriers enhance penetration into the parenchyma. This review discusses various nanoparticle-based combinatorial approaches that combine nanoparticles cell-based delivery, viral focused ultrasound, magnetic field, intranasal permeability across BBB BTB. Cell-based involves using engineered cells carriers nanoparticles, taking advantage of their intrinsic migratory homing capabilities facilitate transport therapeutic payloads Viral uses vectors deliver genes or specific within GBM microenvironment. Focused coupled microbubbles can temporarily disrupt increase permeability. Magnetic field-guided exploits targeted under an external field. Intranasal offers minimally invasive avenue bypass agents directly via olfactory trigeminal pathways. By combining strategies, synergistic effects efficiency, improve efficacy, reduce off-target effects. Future research should focus on optimizing nanoparticle design, exploring new combination advancing preclinical clinical investigations promote translation therapies GBM. Keywords: glioblastoma, barrier, nanoparticle, strategy, ultrasound-wave,

Language: Английский

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Glioblastoma: Clinical Presentation, Multidisciplinary Management, and Long-Term Outcomes

Cancers, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(1), P. 146 - 146

Published: Jan. 5, 2025

Glioblastoma, the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults, presents a formidable challenge due to its rapid progression, treatment resistance, poor survival outcomes. Standard care typically involves maximal safe surgical resection, followed by fractionated external beam radiation therapy concurrent temozolomide chemotherapy. Despite these interventions, median remains approximately 12–15 months, with five-year rate below 10%. Prognosis is influenced factors such as patient age, molecular characteristics, extent of resection. Patients IDH-mutant tumors or methylated MGMT promoters generally have improved survival, while recurrent glioblastoma associated only six therapies cases are often palliative. Innovative treatments, including TTFields, add incremental benefits, extending around 20.9 months for eligible patients. Symptom management—addressing seizures, headaches, neurological deficits—alongside psychological support patients caregivers essential enhance quality life. Emerging targeted immunotherapies, though still limited efficacy, show promise part an evolving landscape. Continued research clinical trials remain crucial developing more effective treatments. This multidisciplinary approach, incorporating diagnostics, personalized therapy, supportive care, aims improve outcomes provides hopeful foundation advancing management.

Language: Английский

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Optimizing Therapeutics for Intratumoral Cancer Treatments: Antiproliferative Vanadium Complexes in Glioblastoma

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(3), P. 994 - 994

Published: Jan. 24, 2025

Glioblastoma, an aggressive cancer, is difficult to treat due its location, late detection, drug resistance, and poor absorption of chemotherapeutics. Intratumoral administration offers a promising potential treatment alternative with localized delivery minimal systemic toxicity. Vanadium(V) coordination complexes, incorporating Schiff base catecholate ligands, have shown effects as antiproliferative agents tunable efficacy reactivity, stability, steric bulk, hydrophobicity, uptake, toxicity optimized for the intratumoral vehicle. A new series oxovanadium(V) base–catecholate complexes were synthesized characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), UV-Vis, infrared spectroscopy mass spectrometry. Stability under physiological conditions was assessed via UV-Vis spectroscopy, activity evaluated in T98G glioblastoma SVG p12 normal glial cells viability assays. The newly [VO(3-tBuHSHED)(TIPCAT)] complex more stable (t1/2 ~ 4.5 h) had strong (IC50 1.5 µM), comparing favorably current lead compound, [VO(HSHED)(DTB)]. structural modifications enhanced bulk through substitution iso-propyl tert-butyl groups. improved properties attributed hindrance associated catecholato well formation non-toxic byproducts upon degradation. emerges candidate therapy by demonstrating stability greater selectivity, which highlights role strategic ligand design developing therapies resistant cancers. In reporting class compounds effective against cells, we describe generally desirable that drugs being developed should have.

Language: Английский

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New Directions in the Therapy of Glioblastoma

Cancers, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(21), P. 5377 - 5377

Published: Oct. 31, 2022

Glioblastoma is the most common histologic type of all gliomas and contributes to 57.3% cases. Despite standard management based on surgical resection radiotherapy, it related poor outcome, with a 5-year relative survival rate below 6.9%. In order improve overall outcome for patients, new therapeutic strategies are needed. Herein, we describe current state knowledge novel targeted therapies in glioblastoma. Based recent studies, compared treatment efficacy measured by progression-free patients treated selected potential antitumor drugs. The results application analyzed inhibitors highly variable despite encouraging conclusions previous preclinical studies. This paper focused drugs that target major glioblastoma kinases. As far, some BRAF favorable. Vemurafenib demonstrated long-term clinical trials while combination dabrafenib trametinib improves PFS both vemurafenib alone. There no evidence any MEK inhibitor effective monotherapy. According knowledge, inhibition more advantageous than Moreover, mTOR (especially paxalisib) may be considered particularly important group. Everolimus partial response significant proportion when combined bevacizumab, however its actual role unclear. Neither nintedanib nor pemigatinib were efficient GBM. Among anti-VEGF drugs, bevacizumab monotherapy was well-tolerated option, significantly associated anti-GBM activity recurrent aflibercept pazopanib has not been demonstrated. Apatinib proven tolerable single trial, but research Lenvatinib under trial. Finally, promising from study regorafenib confirmed ongoing randomized AGILE studies conducted so far have provided relatively wide range which at least well tolerated trials. comprehensive understanding molecular biology promises further outcomes patients.

Language: Английский

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